硕士英语综合教程1-(参考答案)-Unit6-11.doc

Unit6-Unit11
Unit 6
Urban Life
Text A How the City Hurts Your Brain, and What You Can Do about It
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) the city has always been an engine of intellectual life; it is not easy to live in the city because it spreads terrible diseases and is far away from nature with considerable pressures
(2) it forces our brain to take energy and effort to monitor every potential threat on the busy and noisy streets and constantly redirects our attention, which exploits one of the crucial weak spots of the brain
(3) natural settings are full of objects that automatically capture our attention without triggering a negative emotional response and thus our brain which directs attention can relax deeply and replenish itself
(4) the brain is assaulted with temptations and resisting these temptations requires the brain to use the part of it that is responsible for directed attention, which means that it’s already been exhausted by walking around the city and then will fail to exert selfcontrol
(5) they are the centers of social activities that largely lead to urban creativity as strangers interact with each other in unpredictable ways
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) overlooking(2) migrations(3) thoroughfare(4) layout(5) hectic
(6) wellspring(7) corollary(8) undiluted(9) myriad(10) vibrant
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) C(6) D(7) A(8) A(9) B(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) control(2) otherwise(3) revenue(4) neighboring(5) announced
(6) crossroads(7) taking(8) imposing(9) maximize(10) prosperity
(11) rather(12) though(13) accomplish(14) making(15) pave
(16) gradually(17) sparing(18) Under(19) instead(20) lower
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural and historical treasures woven into the urban prosperity.
(2) He is such an enthusiastic football fan that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.
(3) The educational system has to be able to outfit the young generation with necessary knowledge, attitudes and values that would ensure they are in time for the new age in which there might be no jobs but only opportunities.
(4) The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom.
(5) In order to find better detection and treatment, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.
(6) The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities.
(7) When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents.
(8) NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and having them settle down on it.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Expo 2010 Shanghai is the first Expo held by a developing country, the first held in the downtown area of a megacity, and it was held under the shadow of the international financial crisis. This is a severe test to China and Shanghai . Over the past eight years, we mobilized resources throughout the country and pooled the wisdom of the world in the preparation for the Expo. The people of Shanghai , in particular, made selfless contributions and the International Exhibitions Bureau and host countries of past Expos provided valuable guidance. The success of the Expo could not have been possible without the tireless efforts of many people, including the organizers, construction workers, staff members, visitors and volunteers. It is theirsincerity, wisdom and hard work that have rendered splendor to the Expo. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to express heartfelt gratitude and pay high tribute to all the comrades and friends who have participated in, supported and contributed to the Shanghai Expo.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
然而,这些大草原式的公园实际上对大脑并无多少益处。在最近发表的一篇论文中,昆士兰大学生态学家理查德•富勒发现,绿色空间的心理效益与植物种类的多样性密切相关。如果一个城市公园中树木的品种较多,则在这里呆过的受试者在各种心理健康测试中的得分都较高,至少与其在生物多样性较少的公园呆过后相比是这样。“我们非常担忧城市化对于其他物种的影响,”富勒说。“但是我们人类也受到了影响。绿色空间能让我们放松、休息,这就是对其进行投资的重要原因。”
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 二月份在位于东69号大街附近风景如画的公园人行道上,一棵美国榆树的树干断落,造成一名46岁的布鲁克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的积雪使之不堪重负。
(2) “除非把城市中的每一棵树都砍倒,否则无法保证树干脱落的情况不会发生,”市长在新闻发布会上说道。
(3) 为了减少意外事故的危险,位于中央公园的25000棵树木受到定期检查、修剪——这一任务落在了“中央公园保护组织”身上,这是一个私人的非营利性组织,承担公园大部分的日常维护、经营和预算任务。
(4) 纽约市五百二十万棵树木的其它部分由城市公园管理部负责维护,该部门2009年处理了8500个有关危险树枝的报告,伐除已死亡或存在潜在危险的树干、树枝。
(5) 布鲁伯格2007年宣布,作为改善公共卫生及环境方案的一部分,未来十年还要在纽约再种植一百万棵树木,因此这些数字还有可能增长。
Text B The New Age Cavemen and the City
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) indisputable(2) are replicated(3) communal(4) solitary(5) aspiring
(6) misdemeanor(7) intermittently(8) jaunty(9) indigenous(10) hardcore
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) spook a female guest
(2) that were unavailable
(3) sprinting and jumping
(4) allaround physically fit men
(5) a reference standard
(6) a challenging environment
(7) “huntergatherer”
(8) various hardships
(9) scowled at a tomato plant
(10) a regain of the fortitude
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) F(3) F(4) T(5) T(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T
Unit 7
Mass Media
Text A A TV Critic in the PostTV World
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup
(2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever
(3) five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesn’t grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally
(4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a newandused bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you don’t gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, there’s a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback
(5) the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary
(6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiere
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) B
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) where(2) with(3) multitude(4) promote(5) possible
(6) without(7) become(8) notorious(9) Only(10) consisted
(11) primarily(12) multiple(13) increasingly(14) focus(15) dominated
(16) as(17) controversial(18) While(19) influence(20) perspectives
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Now people in Tibet are highly conscious of the importance of protecting wild animals, and the once rampant hunting of Tibetan antelopes has been brought under control.
(2) The journalist had been traveling a lot lately—to Iceland to interview the famous actress there; to Hollywood for the Oscars—but he was stingy with details.
(3) We should adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and ensure a doublepull effect on economic growth from both consumption demand and investment demand.
(4) The employees of the Human Resource Department have to sift through very carefully the application forms that just came in this morning to separate the wheat from the chaff.
(5) Making its debut in 1994, Friends and its cast of easygoing single people caught on with viewers looking for an escape from the fastpaced 1990s.
(6) On the new Pocket PCs, the interface looks more like Palm’s, complete with larger icons and fewer pulldown menus.
(7) Over the next five years, he continued to evolve his own unique musical style—a style that would become the template for a whole new musical genre.
(8) What I love most is to arrive in a place I have never been before and immerse myself in a new culture and environment—to experience firsthand what I thought I knew, but which turns out to be much more interesting and surprising once you are there.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Journalists and TV people, we know, are supposed to record what goes on; but in trying to get the best record they can, they may sometimes seem amazingly coldblooded. Some of the seediest of journalists, whether we’re talking about the Middle East or Northern Ireland, are those who pile one set of adjectives like squalid, butchering, oppressive for terrorism of whose aims they disapprove, and quite another set like committed or dedicated for the same thing done by those they like. But that is far from the whole problem. People complain journalists not because that they behave badly in the course of duty, but for their inability torecoil into a human being when it’s over.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
像阅读一样,在线看电视是一项较为孤独的活动。你不会把家人聚集在你的麦金塔电脑跟前看“超级碗”的比赛。然而在某些方面在线看电视又更具社会交往性。由于没有网络电视收视指南可依靠——虽然一些刚起步的公司,如eG,正在朝这个方向努力——因此你的社会关系就成为了你的电视指南。那种促使人们定期收看电视节目的社交互动性,凭借手中的笔记本电脑,甚至会变得更加直接密切。当我收看《迷失》的时候,总是会急于在博客上发帖——一方面是想发表自己的看法,但更多是想看到别人“灌”的评论,想了解他们的看法。节目播完了,可好戏才刚刚上演。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 据说,PowerPoint正在将语篇简化为点句。搜索引擎则降低了我们的智力,使我们只是浮光掠影般地接受知识而非追求知识的深度。
(2) 20世纪50年代,当漫画连环册被指责将青少年变成不良分子时,当时的犯罪率却降到了历史最低。同样,与20世纪90年代对电视游戏的讨伐相伴随的是美国犯罪率的大幅下降。
(3) 我们不妨以科学的发展状况来进行验证,因为科学要求高水平的脑力劳动,是否有新发现是其明确的衡量标准。如今,科学家们已经变得离不开电子邮件,几乎不用纸张,没有PowerPoint就没法讲课。
(4) 就像原始人认为吃猛兽会使他们变得凶猛,媒体批评家们设想,观看快速剪辑的摇滚视频会把你的精神生活变成快速剪切,而阅读点句和Twitter上的帖子会使你的思想简化为要点和微博。
(5) 人们并非自然而然就可获得深刻思考、彻底调查和严格论证这样的习惯。这些习惯必须到我们称为“大学”的特殊机构习得,必须通过我们所谓“分析、批判和辩论”的不断锤炼来维持。
Text B What is Mass Media
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) mediation(2) bestow(3) deceptively(4) censorship(5) cater to
(6) elite(7) prevalent(8) coincide with(9) imperative(10) consensus
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) purpose, scope, cultural context
(2) facts and interpretation of facts
(3) newspapers, radio, computer
(4) deciding what to report
(5) crime, disaster, conflict
(6) hoist their placards, start chanting
(7) tight budgets and fierce competition
(8) exerts control over the media
(9) Technological advances
(10) stabilizing and civilizing
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) T(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) F(9) F(10) F
Unit 8
New Applications
of Waste Materials
Text A Not Just for Tree Huggers
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3)A(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) work as an environmentalscience teacher in Asheville, N.C; his love for old houses fell together with his love for the environment
(2) it’s a broad concept with several components
(3) using oldschool materials that have been slow to catch on; sprayon foam insulation
(4) generates a home’s electricity from the sun; uses pipes to send water underground; the heat stored by the earth’s subsurface is converted into energy to heat and cool the home
(5) aren’t really environmentally friendly; torched a neighborhood of newly built trophy homes outside Seattle last week, leaving signs saying BUILT GREEN NOPE BLACK
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) renovate(2) sustainable(3) predominant(4) mortgages(5) appliances
(6) allure(7) opt for(8) geothermal(9) yardsticks(10) moribund
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) C5) A(6) B(7) D(8) A(9) C(10)B
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) when(2) who(3) outside(4) off(5) together
(6) even(7) because(8) how(9) including(10) purchased
(11) which(12) save(13) like(14) where(15) out
(16) with(17) through(18) recycling(19) what(20) toward
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) As the sustainable development of our country has quickened its step, new problems have also arisen, and being a part of the sustainable development, recycling economy creates a new way for solid waste disposal.
(2) The automobiles that run on gasoline cannot use methanol as a fuel, so their engines would require major changes.
(3) You can forget about having a hard disk or