初中英语反义疑问句的用法归纳.doc

反义疑问句（1）反意疑问句要点简述反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句后一部分的主谓与前一部分的主谓要保持人称及助动词等方面的一致。这种疑问句的回答要根据事实，肯定的用“Yes, ”。否定的用“No, ”。如：It looks like rain, doesnt it?He doesnt need to work so late, does he?（2）学习反意疑问句，特别要注意的问题1）陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分的主语多用it；陈述部分的主语是these, those时，疑问部分的主语多用they。如：This is a dictionary, isnt it?Those are shelves, arent they?2）陈述句如果是there be结构时，疑问句部分仍用there。如：There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasnt there?3）在英语口语中，“I am +表语结构”，后面的反意疑问句多用arent I来体现。如：I am very interested in learning English, arent I?4）陈述句的主语是动词不定式，动词的-ing形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如：Taking care of our environment is very important, isnt it?What he said is right, isnt it?5）陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。如：Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England , has he?但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如：She is unhappy, isnt she?6）陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用they（当强调全体时）或he（当强调个体时）。如果陈述句的主语是something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用it。如：No one knows him, do they?Someone is waiting for you, isnt he?Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?Everything seems all right, doesnt it?7）陈述句是主从复合句时，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词，且主语是第一人称I或we时，反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致，同时还要考虑到否定的转移（否定前移）。如：I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, cant he? I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 若是第二第三人称的话，反义疑问句应该看主句：She thought it is meaningless，didnt she？ 如果是转述的要注意：He said that you were in hospital，werent you?（这里是对着那个you说的） 8）祈使句的反义疑问句中：lets 的要用shall we；let us 的要用will you；其他形式的都用will you。如：Go and get it for me, wont you?去帮我取个东西，好吗？Lets meet at the airport, shall we ? 我们在机场碰头，行不行？ Have a little more wine, will you ? 喝点儿酒，好吗？ 9）must的反义疑问句：陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 Amust表示“应该”，其疑问部分用mustnt（不应该），如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you ? 下学期你应该努力学习，对吗？ Bmust表示“必须”，其疑问部分用neednt（不必），如： They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗？ C陈述部分含情态动词mustnt，表示禁止时，疑问部分就可以用must或may，如： You mustnt stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ Dmust表示推测 ，其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如： 对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 ： You must know the answer to the exercise, dont you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案，是不是？ That must be your bed, isnt it? 那一定是你的床，是吗？ 对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测：句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语，这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。（havent / hasnt + 主语） You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？ 10）have作为动词的反义疑问句：have to 的短语，且只充当一般动词的作用，助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别，提问还是用do,does引导。 We have to finish it ,dont we?当用have,has做助动词的时候，疑问句才用它们引导,如： She has seen it,hasnt she？这里的助动词就是has当陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时，疑问句应用hadnt等开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头；如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式：do或 have He has two sisters,doesnt he? =He has two sisters,hasnt he? He doesnt have any sisters, does he?当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗？ You must have told her about it, havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？ 11）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 12）感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, arent they? What a smell, isnt it? 13）陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 14）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 15) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 16) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 17) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 18) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。例 -He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？ -Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。 -His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ -Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。反意疑问句的练习1. Youd rather watch TV this evening, _?a. isnt it b. hadnt you c. wouldnt you d. wont you2. I suppose youre not going today, _?a. are you b. do you c. dont you d. arent you3. I wish to shake hands with you, _?a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _?a. oughtnt three hours b. didnt they c. shouldnt it d. shouldnt three hours5. They have to study a lot, _?a. dont they b. havent they c. did they d. hadnt they6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ?a. didnt he b. did he c. did it d. didnt it7. Im sure dirty, _?a. am I b. isnt I c. arent I d. am not I8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you?a. do b. did c. dont d. didnt9. Thats the sort of the book you want, _?a. is it d. isnt that c. is that d. isnt it10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _?a. are they b. arent theyc. are all these dictionaries d. arent all these dictionaries