2015年上海高三阅读理解专项训练.doc

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A（16分）
(A)
When I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten. [来源:学优高考网]
The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I___25___ (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce (离婚) in the family.
I'd lost ____26___ except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.
I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. One night ___27___ I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩) ____28___(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!
The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing __29____I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered if I ___30___ still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas (画布) in front of me And(31)___ ____ _____ I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $1 500.
The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano. We wake up every morning ___32___ the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.

(B)
Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. She lived ____33__ simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.
However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.
Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was___34___ (not publish) until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane’s naval brother.
Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person of a ___35___(low) social position. But she breaks off the engagement when_____36____(persuade) by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne’s family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.
Jane Austen once compared her writing to ____37___(paint) on a little bit of ivory（象牙）, two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that ___38____ her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability____39___ ( apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.
Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.
People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. You can visit Jane Austen’s home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester, __40___ she died.

Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. explore B. instructing C. reflect D. encountered E. independent
F. motivated G. accustomed H. ordering I. techniques J. processes
K. unique

How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are " Procedures or 41 that learners can use to facilitate a learning task. " And 42 students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming 43 , confident learners. Finally, students become more 44 as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.
Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who 45 on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems 46 , and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 47 to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the 48 judge of their progress.
Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental 49 with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to 50 new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.

Section B
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
　　But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.
　　Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.
　　Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　52. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
　　A．human activities have changed the way turtles survive
　　B．efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out
　　C．government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction
　　D．marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction
　　53. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
　　A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
　　B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
　　C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
　　D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
　　54. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?
　　A．Their inadequate food supply.
　　B．Unregulated commercial fishing.
　　C．Their lower reproductively ability.
　　D．Contamination of sea water
　　55. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?
　　A．It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.
　　B．The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.
　　C．The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.
　　D．It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.
　　56. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.
　　A．persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles
　　B．stress that even the most ugly species should be protected
　　C．call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival
　　D．warn our descendants about the extinction of species

　　Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
　　A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.
　　There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.
　　No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.
　　As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　57. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?
　　A．Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
　　B．It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
　　C．College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
　　D．Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.
　　58. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.
　　A．enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities
　　B．the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates
　　C．competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today
　　D．the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed
　　59. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.
　　A．save more on tuition
　　B．receive a better education
　　C．take more liberal-arts courses
　　D．avoid traveling long distances
　　60. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.
　　A．regard college education as a wise investment
　　B．place a premium on the prestige of the College
　　C．think it crucial to send their children to college
　　D．consider college education a consumer product
　　61. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?
　　A．Their employment prospects after graduation.
　　B．A satisfying experience within their budgets.
　　C．Its facilities and learning environment.
　　D．Its ranking among similar institutions.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　Some historian say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency (总统任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a __62__ project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human __63__ as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower’s interstate highways __64__ the nation together in new ways and __65__ major economic growth by making commerce less __66__. Today, an information superhighway has been built—an electronic network that __67__ libraries, corporations, government agencies and __68__. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, __69__ it is the backbone (主干) of the World Wide Web.
　　The Internet had its __70__ in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network called ARPAnet, which __71__ Advanced Res