中科院博士英语模拟试题.doc

中国科学院研究生院英语B考试大纲
声明：北京理工大学出版社出版的《中国科学院博士学位英语考试应试指南》依据的是旧的大纲，实际考试形式以这里的大纲为准。

笔试部分
笔试部分由试卷一和试卷二构成。试卷一包括：听力、英语知识运用与阅读理解两部分。试卷二为书面表达部分。时间总长共150分钟，满分100分。

试卷一 （75分）
第一部分：听力（20分）
本部分考查考生理解英语口语、获取特定信息以及简要笔记的能力，由A、B两节组成。
A节：共10题，每题1分。要求考生根据所听到的10段对话，从每题所给的4个选项中找出最佳答案。每题有12-15秒答题时间。每段对话的录音只播放一遍
B节：共10题，每题1分。要求考生根据所听到的3篇对话或独白简要回答10道有关该对话或独白的问题。问题在试卷中印出但不在录音中读出。录音材料只播放一遍。
本部分大约需要25分钟。

第二部分：英语知识运用与阅读理解（55分）
本部分考查考生对用于一定语境中的词汇、表达方式和结构的掌握和理解书面英语的能力，由A、B和C三节组成。
A节：共15题，每题1分。在1篇约300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从短文后提供的30个词或表达式中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意义通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。其中有11-12道题考查词汇和表达方式，3-4道题考查语法和语篇结构。本节大约需要20分钟
B节：共20题，每题1.5分，共30分。考查考生理解总体和特定信息、猜词悟义、推断作者态度和意图的能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇文章（平均每篇约400词）的内容，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。本节大约需要35分钟。
C节：共10题，每题1分。考查考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。要求考生根据2篇留有5段空白的文章（平均每篇约400词）的内容，在每篇文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进该文章中5个空白处的5段。本节大约需要20分钟。
本部分总需时间约75分钟。

试卷二 （25分）
本部分考查考生英语书面表达的能力，由A、B两节组成。
A节：共1题，10分要求考生根据所提供的1篇长约450词的、有相当难度的文章写出1篇字数为120—150词的内容提要（约占原文的1/4-1/3）。本节大约需要20分钟。
B节：共1题，15分。根据命题写1篇不少于200词的文章。本节大约需要30分钟。
本部分总需时间50分钟。

口试部分
形式：口头报告

中国科学院研究生院英语B考试笔试试卷结构表

试卷一
编号
内容与题型
题量
分值
时间（分钟）
第1部分
听力
A节
(第1-10题)
10段对话
(多项选择题)
10
10
10
B节
(第11-20题)
3段对话或独白
(书面简答题)
10
10
15
第2部分
英语知识运用及阅读理解
A节
(第21-35题)
1篇短文填空
(综合选择题)
15
15
20
B节
(第36-55题)
4篇阅读理解
(多项选择题)
20
30
35
C节
(第56-65题)
2篇短文阅读
(选择搭配题)
10
10
20
试卷二

书面表达
A节
1篇内容提要
1
10
20
B节
1篇命题作文
1
15
30
总计

100
150

注：试卷一为100分钟，试卷二为50分钟，全部考试共计150分钟。

A Sample Test

PAPER ONE (75 points, 100 minutes)

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A (10 points)
Directions: In this part, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what is said. Each conversation and the question will be spoken only once. When you hear the question, read the four choices of the answer given and choose the best one by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on your Answer Sheet I.

1. A. Go back home.
B. Mail a letter.
C. Do the shopping.
D. Ask the way.

2. A. Dennis always alters his idea about an outing.
B. Dennis has no choice but to come with them.
C. It’s surprising that Dennis would come with them.
D. Dennis has at last agreed to go out.

3. A. Go out for fun with the girl.
B. Travel with the girl to Holland.
C. Try not to spend so much money.
D. Let the girl pay her own bill.

4. A. The man should reschedule the trip.
B. She has no idea when the semester ends.
C. She’ll call the travel agency to confirm the date.
D. The man should spend his holidays somewhere else.

5. A. He forgot to mail the letter.
B. He left the letter in his office.
C. The letter slipped off his desk.
D. He should have put the letter in his bag.

6. A. He was exhausted.
B. He was drunk.
C. He was worried.
D. He was late for work.

7. A. In a mall.
B. In a pharmacy.
C. In the cleaner’s.
D. In a department store.

8. A. The woman argued for her innocence at court.
B. The woman complained that she was forced to pay the fine.
C. The woman has got away with many violations of traffic law.
D. The woman pleaded ignorance this time of her violation of the traffic law.

9. A. Jack has to meet a tight deadline.
B. Jack has completed his assignment

C. Jack got himself burnt last night.
D. Professor David is a pleasant figure.

10．A. He does not like Beth.
B. He thinks the world is too crowded.
C. He is too excited to do anything about the party.
D. He will not help arrange for the party.

Section B (10 points)
Directions: In this part, you will hear three mini-talks and each of them will be spoken only once. While listening to them, read the questions that follow each talk. You will be asked to write down your answer on your Answer Sheet II, using one sentence only, either complete or incomplete. Your answer should be concise and to the point.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on Mini-talk One:
Mini-talk One

11: How much grain do rats destroy each year in India?
12: Where do rats live?
13: How do rats spread diseases indirectly?

Questions 14 to 16 are based on Mini-talk Two:
Mini-talk Two

14: What education does the vast majority of US Postal Service jobs require?
15: When can one know the special requirements for some postal jobs?
16: In addition to the variety of paid leave, what other benefits are provided for a postal employee? (List at least two.)

Questions 17 to 20 are based on Mini-talk Three:
Mini-talk Three

17: Why is popular art said to be primarily entertainment?
18: What is the distinction in art between a professional and an amateur?
19: How does high art differ from popular art financially?
20: What are people interested in high art often required to do?

Part II Use of English and Reading Comprehension

Section A (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and fill in each of the blanks by choosing the right word or phrase from the list given below. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet II. Capitalize the word when it is necessary. The words and phrases listed are twice as many as the blanks. Once a word or phrase is chosen, it must be used only once.

challenged, precede, destroyed, in case, estimated, like, discern, separated, fortunately, continue, overcome, regrettably, exceeded, ever, therefore, as, continuous, following, balanced, simultaneously, when, feasible, adversely accompanying, instantaneously, transforming, once, than, that, while

Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather—torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes—began quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions 21 leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado 22 $ 250 million, the highest 23 for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms 24 the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that 25 these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just 26 every twelve hours at locations typically 27 by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions 28 they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation—intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcast”, was not 29 . The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. 30 , scientific and technological advances have 31 most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly 32 observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and 33 , and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of 34 raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. 35 meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Section B (20 questions×1.5 points= 30 points)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer each of the questions or complete each of the statements that follow each passage. Mark the letter of your choice on your Answer Sheet I.

Passage 1
For centuries, the gravel and sand of Georges Bank and the great canyons, muddy basins, and shallow ledges of the Gulf of Maine have supported one of the world’s most productive fishing regions. But big boulders have historically protected a 1050-square-kilometer region at the bank’s northeastern tip from dredging boats in search of scallops and trawlers hunting down groundfish. However, those boulders are becoming less of a deterrent against improved and sturdier gear. So when geologist Page Valentine of the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, stood before his colleagues last month and defended his proposal to safeguard this rare, undisturbed gravel bed, he knew that he was also standing at the crossroads of science and politics.
Valentine’s presentation was part of a 2-day workshop held at the New England Aquarium here to build support for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), a controversial concept aimed at preserving biodiversity in coastal waters. The meeting, organized by Elliott Norse, founder of the Marine Conservation Biology Institute in Redmond, Washington, featured talks by 21 experts across a range of marine habitats and species and represented the marine community’s biggest push for MPAs.
The discussion generated a map that nominated 29% of the ocean floor off the coast of New England and Canada’s Maritime Province for protection, as well as 25% of pelagic (open-ocean) waters. The next step will come in the fall, when the scientists discuss the plan with government officials, commercial stakeholders, and environmental activists—meetings that are likely to be contentious. “The conservation groups will want to see if various species are covered. And various fishermen will be convinced that their livelihood is threatened,” says Mike Pentony, an analyst for the New England Fishery Management Council, who was an observer at last month’s workshop. The areas could be established by the National Marine Fisheries Service or under existing U.S. and Canadian laws to protect endangered species and habitats.

36. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Fishery Industry in New England.
B. Plan to Protect Coastal waters of New England.
C. Restoration of Marine Life in the Gulf of Maine.
D. Problems Critical to Ecological Balance in Georges Bank.

37. The abundance of fish in the area has been a result of ________.
A. the perpetual fishery closure
B. the stringent ban on overfishing
C. the effective fishery management
D. its unique geographic features

38. Boulders used to be a deterrent to ________.
A. scallop
B. groundfish
C. fishing boats
D. improved gear

39. At the two-day workshop, the scientists reached an agreement on ______.
A. the marine areas to be preserved
B. how to rescue the endangered species
C. the guarantee of the fishermen’s livelihood
D. what to discuss with the government officials

40. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. The fishermen will be worried about their livelihood.
B. A decision is soon to be made on the protected areas.
C. Commercial stakeholders may be at odds with scientists.
D. Conflicting interests will arise between fishermen and scientists.

Passage 2
Some people are accustomed to thinking that facts must either be believed or they must be disbelieved—as if beliefs were like a light switch with only two positions, on or off. My use of the bathtub hoax is intended to illustrate that belief does not have to operate as a simple yes or no choice, all or nothing. Belief can be more conditional; it can be something that we decide to have “up to a point.” And so, the question we might ask ourselves while reading does not have to be “Should I believe it or not?” but instead can be “How much should I believe it?” This later question implies that the belief we have in any given fact, or in any given idea, is not determined by whether it sounds right or whether the source is an authority. It means that our beliefs are determined by the reasons that justify them. Belief is not a mechanical action, brought about by invariable rules of nature. It is a human activity, the exercise of judgment. With this in mind, we might say that we perform this action better when we know what the reasons are that have led to our belief, and why they are good reasons.
These observations do not deprive us of our ability to believe in what we read. They are not intended to transform you from credulous believers into stubborn doubters. The process of weighing beliefs against the quality of reasons is one that you already go through all the time, whether you are aware of it or not. We all do. The practice of critical reading is the exercise of this kind of judgment on purpose. By doing it, we protect ourselves from being led into belief for inadequate reasons, but at the same time we open up our minds to the possibility of arriving at belief for adequate ones. If we decide to grant or withhold consent based on the quality of the reasons that we are given we admit at the same time that two things are possible: We admit that we might consent less in the future if we discover that the reasons are not so good after all; and we admit that we might consent more if we are ever presented with better reasons than we had formerly known. This attitude is not pure skepticism any more than it is pure credulity. It is somewhere in between. It is the attitude of an open-minded thinker, of someone who wishes to be responsible for deciding for herself or himself what to believe.

41. The author’s use of the bathtub hoax is meant to suggest that ________
A. facts must be believed unconditionally
B. belief is more than a simple yes or no choice
C. nothing should be believed or disbelieved
D. belief is nothing but a light switch

42. To believe or disbelieve what you read should be based on ________.
A. the facts that you are given
B. whether the author is an open-minded authority
C. the quality of reasons provided by the material
D. the assumption that you know everything about it

43. As a human activity, weighing the facts about something is actually _______.
A. determined by the rules of nature
B. a performance
C. brought about even at birth
D. experienced by everyone

44. According to the author, which of the following is true?
A. Our attitude toward what we read may change if we are given better reasons.
B. An open-minded thinker is responsible for what he or she says.
C. Critical reading can make us believe more in what we read.
D. We ought to question the value of what we read if its source is not authoritative.

45. What is the topic of this passage?
A. Judgment and Responsibility.
B. Reading and Belief.
C. Trust and Faith.
D. Reading and Human Activity.

Passage 3
Things don’t come easily