高考英语走出误区回归基础-.ppt

1挑战高考英语高分!走出误区，回归基础!深圳科学高中深圳科学高中陈陈浩浩2 误区一“抛开两纲，盲目做题”：在复习过程中，只有切实遵循“两纲”（教学大纲和考试大纲），才能克服复习的随意性、盲目性，使复习具有切实的针对性和有效性，这是提高总复习的关键。复习过程应遵循“抓住稳定点，关注变化点，研究发展点”的原则。3 误区二“急于求成，忽视基础”：基础知识需要背诵、记忆的太多，因此不少考生索性放弃。这是急功近利的做法。其实基础知识的记忆积累是提高成绩的“抓手”。其实，能力是在掌握了基础知识、基本技能与基本方法的前提下逐渐形成的。只有根基牢固，才能谈提高能力。4 常规的“死记硬背”是必要的.因为理解是建立在记忆基础上的，同时它对记忆又有反作用，没有理解的记忆是无效的记忆，没有理解的知识是无法应用的。提高理解能力最有效的办法就是熟练地掌握语言基础知识(3000+500词汇,12项语法知识)。5 误区三“多而不精，顾此失彼”：复习中的复习资料繁多，但是复习的时间是有限的，而题目是无限的，以有限的精力去做无限的题目，是没有尽头的，必然导致失去复习的全面性、系统性，多而不精，顾此失彼，是复习的大敌。6 误区四“学而不思，囫囵吞枣”：试题是复习的载体，很多考生做了大量的试题，仍试题是复习的载体，很多考生做了大量的试题，仍然不会举一反三，甚至举三不能反一，其真正的原因然不会举一反三，甚至举三不能反一，其真正的原因是没有养成思考、总结的习惯。华罗庚说过：是没有养成思考、总结的习惯。华罗庚说过：“譬如譬如我们读一本书，厚厚的一本书，再加上我们自己的注我们读一本书，厚厚的一本书，再加上我们自己的注解，就愈读愈厚，我们自己知道的东西也就由薄到厚解，就愈读愈厚，我们自己知道的东西也就由薄到厚了了”。学学并不到此为止，并不到此为止，懂懂并不能到此为并不能到此为透，所谓透，所谓由厚到薄由厚到薄是消化提炼的过程，即是消化提炼的过程，即把那些学到把那些学到的东西，经过咀嚼、消化、融会贯通，提炼出关键的的东西，经过咀嚼、消化、融会贯通，提炼出关键的东西来。东西来。”7 The man The man who was lyingwho was lying in bed is Bob.He was in bed is Bob.He was reading a book reading a book which was borrowedwhich was borrowed from his from his friend.Two menfriend.Two men whowho were wearingwere wearing masks masks climbed in from the window.The window climbed in from the window.The window which which werewere brokenbroken was in the kitchen was in the kitchen.The man lying in bed is Bob.He was reading a book borrowed from his friend.Two men wearing climbed in from the window.The window broken was in the kitchen.8学会学习、明确不同内容的学习方法；、明确不同内容的学习方法；、认真研读真题，提炼基本概念、归纳基本技能，、认真研读真题，提炼基本概念、归纳基本技能，掌握基本规律，建立主干知识结构；掌握基本规律，建立主干知识结构；、做题但不盲目，研究高考试题，学会归纳总结；、做题但不盲目，研究高考试题，学会归纳总结；、关注社会、关注生活，联系实际，提高迁移应用、关注社会、关注生活，联系实际，提高迁移应用 能力；能力；、重视思维训练，增强分析能力；、重视思维训练，增强分析能力；、重视观念价值，增强人文素养。、重视观念价值，增强人文素养。9语言知识的厚度决定语言运用的高度!知识与表达：例作 A:Beijing is in the north of China.It is a large city in the world.It has over 12 million people.The history is long.The climate is mild.Beijing is famous for Peking Opera and the Great Wall.There are a lot of places of interest in Beijing.Beijing will hold the Olympic Games in 2008.10B:Beijing,the capital of China,is one of the largest cities in the world.It lies in the north of China and has a large population which is over 12 million.It has a long history.The climate is mild especially in autumn when it is neither too cold nor too hot.Modern buildings and overpasses can be seen everywhere.Beijing is famous for Peking Opera and the Great Wall.It is a great honor for our Chinese that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.11C:Beijing,the capital of China,is one of the largest cities in the world.Located in the north,it is very cold in winter.But autumn is the best season since its neither too cold nor too hot.As everyone knows,there are lots of places of interestsuch as the Summer Palace,the palace Museum,and the Great Wall.There is a very well-known Chinese saying;“He,who has never been to the Great Wall,is not a true man.”Beijing is also famous for Beijing Opera.It is a great honor for Chinese that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.By hosting the Olympics,we will have more chance to let the world know more about China and Beijing.12 练好内功：n英语学习的基石：词汇+语法n英语学习词为纲。n“Without grammar little can be conveyed;without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”n挑战高分首先要过好词汇关。强化思维训练，夯实知识功底，以不变应万变！强化思维训练，夯实知识功底，以不变应万变！13高分过关词汇基础词汇（基础词汇（20002000）关注小词的活用关注小词的活用冲刺高分的关键：冲刺高分的关键：突破中级词汇突破中级词汇高分词汇的表达高分词汇的表达关注动词的搭配关注动词的搭配 冲刺高分冲刺高分-不仅认字多不仅认字多,更要更要用字用字强强!词不离句，句不离文。通过填空、互译词汇的运用词不离句，句不离文。通过填空、互译词汇的运用 强化记忆。强化记忆。背诵优秀短文强化记忆背诵优秀短文强化记忆14学会整理词汇的方法，提高记忆词汇的质量！*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量 1.scare a.a job 2.disturbb.worry sb 3.hugec.valuable 4.preciousd.very 5.extremlye.luckily 6.merelyf.frighten 7.fortunatelyg.only 8.occupationh.very large 9.significancei.thin10.slimj.importance15*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量 1.scare a.a job 2.disturbb.worry sb 3.hugec.valuable 4.preciousd.very 5.extremelye.luckily 6.merelyf.frighten 7.fortunatelyg.only 8.occupationh.very large 9.significancei.thin10.slimj.importance 16*利用英英释义记忆，扩展词汇数量remote-reform-reliable-symbol-predict-ruin-equal-deadline-17英英释义remote-far from other placereform-change sth to make it betterreliable-you can trustsymbol-a mark or picture that shows sthpredict-say what you think will happenruin-destroy sth completelyequal-the same as big,as good as anotherdeadline-time before which you must do sth18高分词汇变化自测（利用构词法活用词汇）1.Mrs.Smith will be in charge during my _.(absent)2.Winning three gold medals is a remarkable _.(achieve)3.I dont feel like getting involved in any New Years _.(celebrate)4.It was so _ and warm in bed that I didnt want to get up.(comfort)5.Berlin sounds fascinating from your _.(describe)191.Mrs.Smith will be in charge during my absence.2.Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement.3.I dont feel like getting involved in any New Years celebrations.4.I was so comfortable and warm in bed that I didnt want to get up.5.Berlin sounds fascinating from your description.206.We should try to create some games to make 6.We should try to create some games to make learning more _.(enjoy)learning more _.(enjoy)7.I quite like living alone,its made me more 7.I quite like living alone,its made me more _.(depend)_depend)8.I have to deal with the _ round 8.I have to deal with the _ round of meetings and interviews.(end)of meetings and interviews.(end)9.It lies in the south off the _ 9.It lies in the south off the _ coast of Wales.(mountain)coast of Wales.(mountain)10.I wont waste any more of your 10.I wont waste any more of your _ time.(value)_ time.(value)216 We should to try to create some games to make learning more enjoyable.7 I quite like living alone,its made me more independent.8 I have to deal with the endless round of meetings and interviews.9 It lies in the south off the mountainous coast of Wales.10 I wont waste any more of your valuable time.22科学有效记忆词汇,提高词汇数量质量n n“五到”记忆:读写背默记,眼耳嘴手脑齐动员,印象深刻记得牢;n n循环记忆:记过单词莫靠边,几天之后再看看,似忘非忘又复现,反反复复记心间;n n分组记忆:单词多了别心烦,分片分组来突破,五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片;n n理解记忆:结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义,重点段落须背诵,理解深刻难忘记;23n n语音记忆:读音规律要掌握,拼写自然少出错;n n归纳记忆:同类词汇放一起,分类归纳好记忆;n n对比记忆:同义近义反义词,辨析比较来记忆,印象深刻记得牢;n n构词记忆:前缀后缀有规律,转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一;n n阅读记忆:课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记,只要坚持常阅读,一举多得大受益.重视词汇复习,没有扎实的词汇基础拿高分就是纸上谈兵.备考中设计形式多样的词汇复习活动,夯实词汇基本功!24 一篇要点完整，表达无误的文章并不意味着是一篇高分作文。文章的词汇亮点是拿高分的关键。亮点就是要充分发挥你的创造性，拿创意分。例如05年一考生用“HOPE”一词概括全文主题“和谐社会”：H means Honesty,which is to be honest to everyone.O means Love,that is to love country and our homeland.P means Protection,that is to protect animals and plants.E means energy,that is to save energy,resources.25 利用名言和谚语：例如莎士比亚作品 “To be or not to be?That is the question!”常见短语 “serve people heart and soul”“To be a volunteer or not?Its your own choice.However,once you have chosen to be a volunteer,you have to serve people heart and soul.”这样的文章确实有创意，可以为文章增添色彩。26高分过关语法n动词时态:n复合句:连词n非谓语动词:逻辑主语271.My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _half of it.(NMET2004)A.was missing B.had missed C.will missD.missed2.Scientists think that the continents _ always where they today.A.arent;are B.arent;were C.werent;are D.werent;were时态283 -Your phone number again?I _quite catch it.-Its 9568442.(NMET95)A.didnt B.couldnt C.dontD.cant4-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she_!(NMET98)A.promise B.promised C.will promise D.had promised29从句连词重点：关联词的灵活运用宾语从句：whether,why,how，状语从句：unless,in case,before,although定语从句：in which,where,when30I returned to my room.There was a note under I returned to my room.There was a note under my door.It was from Bob.He said he was in my door.It was from Bob.He said he was in the town looking for a job.He hadthe town looking for a job.He hadt found t found anything yet.He added that he was sorry to anything yet.He added that he was sorry to have missed me.have missed me.（一连串的短句，单调乏味）（一连串的短句，单调乏味）WhenWhen I returned to my room,I found a note I returned to my room,I found a note from Bob under the door.He said he was in from Bob under the door.He said he was in the town looking for a job,the town looking for a job,but but hadnhadnt found t found anything yet.He added anything yet.He added thatthat he was sorry to he was sorry to have missed me.have missed me.（改动后的段落文字生动，意义更明确。）（改动后的段落文字生动，意义更明确。）从句与表达38English becomes more important.All of us English becomes more important.All of us know the fact.Our society is more open to the know the fact.Our society is more open to the world.But it is difficult to learn.I have learned world.But it is difficult to learn.I have learned English for seven years.But I still can not English for seven years.But I still can not master it well.And we havenmaster it well.And we havent an t an environment.environment.（简单句堆积，语义缺乏连贯，句型没（简单句堆积，语义缺乏连贯，句型没有变化）有变化）It is well known thatIt is well known that English has become English has become increasingly important,especially to a society increasingly important,especially to a society more open to the outside world.It is difficult,more open to the outside world.It is difficult,however,however,to have a better command of it-to have a better command of it-although although I have learned English for 7 years-I have learned English for 7 years-because of the lack of an English-speaking because of the lack of an English-speaking environment.environment.（句型复杂有变化，语义连贯有层次，（句型复杂有变化，语义连贯有层次，表达生动有力。）表达生动有力。）39掌握非谓语动词用法的关键点1.谓语还是非谓语错误：Mary,coming here everybody else,stay where you are.(NMET2006)正确：Mary,come here everybody else,stay where you are.422.主动还是被动错误：When compared different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(06浙江)正确：When comparing different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.43错误：You should understand the traffic rule by now.You have had it explaining often enough.(05天津)正确：You should understand the traffic rule by now.You have had it explained often enough.443.表示的动作在前在后错误：The manager,making it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting.(05江西)正确：The manager,having made it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting 454.4.动作发生在过去还是将来动作发生在过去还是将来错误：错误：-Is Bob still performing?-Is Bob still performing?-I-Im afraid not.He is said m afraid not.He is said to leaveto leave the the stage already as he has become an official.stage already as he has become an official.(05(05江苏江苏)正确：正确：-Is Bob still performing?-Is Bob still performing?-I-Im afraid not.He is said m afraid not.He is said to have leftto have left the the stage already as he has become an official.stage already as he has become an official.465.搭配to do 还是doing 错误：He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk to lose the good opportunity.(05上海)正确：He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.47分词的作用:n使语言更简洁n使语言更形象n使语言更富有内涵分词的功用:n定语，状语，补语分词难点:动词特点时态和语态48阅读理解试题高考特点 阅读是我们接触外语的主要途径。另外，阅读各类英语读物可以帮助扩大词汇量，加深对英语的认识，了解英语国家的文化，可以在很大程度上影响听、说、写水平的提高。所以，阅读理解长期以来一直出现在高考英语试卷中，且被赋予了较高的内容和分值比例。高考阅读选材一般较为简短，最长不超过350个单词；题材比较丰富，有日常生活、科普、人物传记、史地等；体裁较广，有记叙文、说明文、应用文等。53 阅读材料来源广泛，有些节选自各类丛书，有些出自报刊，有些则选自各类活页宣传材料。阅读部分所考查的阅读理解能力是指对文章的整体和局部信息的理解和掌握情况。整体是指文章的主旨要义、作者的态度和意图等，局部则是指分散于文章中的特定信息。54影响阅读的因素n背景知识 缺乏必要的背景知识是造成阅读困难的主要原因之一.n词汇 词汇的扩充是阅读理解的主要组成部分.词汇量的大小预示着阅读能力的高低.词汇量的缺乏,不能自动解码是构成阅读困难的首要原因.55n句法结构 句法结构的陌生同样会给理解带来困难,不过句法所造成的理解障碍远不如词汇所带来的困难.n阅读策略 阅读策略是有效阅读的保证.不正确运用阅读策略就很难在规定的时间内完成阅读任务.n兴趣 兴趣可以加深读者对材料的理解,而缺乏兴趣常常是有效阅读的障碍.56阅读备考建议1、“读广”即：阅读的题材和体裁要广，文章应包括科技、人文、天文、地理、艺术与教育等。2、“读长”即：要与泛读相结合，要读相当量的小说和长篇，要有目的和要求的去读，通过读培养自己的阅读兴趣和习惯。573、“读新”即：要读新鲜鲜活的材料，那些代表新观念、新技术、新产品、新人物（热点人物）、新事物的阅读材料应该是我们首选的。4、“读深”即：文章要有一定的深度，要有经得起琢磨和分析的好篇章，段落，要有一定的难句和复杂句以及复杂结构。5、“读快”即：要通过快速阅读来提高阅读速度，每分钟要达到60-70个词。58阅读试题高分的关键：提高阅读的速度，掌握正确的阅读的方法。只有通过不断的实践，练就一套切实可行的阅读技巧，才能不做文字的奴隶，达到与作者的心灵交流，提高读书的效益，提高考试得分。59你是否有以下影响阅读效率的阅读行为和不良的阅读习惯？1、你是否读得非常慢，非常仔细，不相信 自己能全部理解所读的材料；2、阅读时你的嘴唇和舌头是否在动；3、在阅读时你的头是否随着所读文字符号 的位置而左右移动；4、你是否经常回读，即读过的东西又重新 读一遍，甚至两三遍；5、你是否读什么体裁都是一样的速度；606、阅读时总用铅笔或手指指着书上的每一行左右移动，似乎怕遗漏一个词；7、一边读一边念出声；8、一边读一边逐句翻译；以上都不是正确的阅读习惯，不符合阅读过程的科学规律。在实际阅读时人的眼睛以意群为单位跳跃。61n n阅读应试的速度阅读应试的速度，很多考生会问：，很多考生会问：“先读文章还是先读先读文章还是先读问题？问题？”n n这两种阅读方法各有利弊；有针对性地和有选择性阅读这两种阅读方法各有利弊；有针对性地和有选择性阅读文章肯定比漫无目的阅读文章的效率要高得多。高考中文章肯定比漫无目的阅读文章的效率要高得多。高考中常见的阅读顺序：常见的阅读顺序：Passage-Question-PassagePassage-Question-Passage；Question-Passage-QuestionQuestion-Passage-Question；Passage-Passage-Question-Key wordsQuestion-Key wordsn nPassage-Question-passagePassage-Question-passagen n即先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。其特点是有利即先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有利于解答全局于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有利于解答全局性问题、推理题和猜测等深层次问题；但是缺点是速度性问题、推理题和猜测等深层次问题；但是缺点是速度慢，考生不能在阅读时积极主动地预测文章的内容，缺慢，考生不能在阅读时积极主动地预测文章的内容，缺乏主观能动性。乏主观能动性。62nQuestion-Passage-Questionn就是先看问题，然后再带这着问题去阅读文章。阅读时把注意力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语上，一旦找到所需要的信息，就立即停止扫描式的阅读，然后仔细地阅读相关部分后答题。其特点是；针对性强，节省时间，可以用来解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是对解答主旨性和推理性的问题效果不明显。63高考写作试题特点 写作是语言生成能力的重要表示形式，因此也是高考英语试卷中一个非常重要的部分。写作分为两小节；第一节考查在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。第二节考查考生根据所给情景，写一篇100词左右的书面材料，以考查其综合运用英语的能力。64写作能力考查2项目1、准确使用语法和词汇 语言的准确性是写作中不可忽略的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容，拼写和标点符号运用的正确与否也会在一定程度上影响到考生的成绩。65 2、使用一定的句型和词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持、清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。66高分写作 1.明确评分标准 优秀作文要求：完全完成了试题规定的任务*覆盖所有内容要点*应用了较多的语法结构和词汇*有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文 结构紧凑672.强化句式训练句式多样化，文段才潇洒句式多样化是英语作文得取高分的重要保证。因此，要特别重视灵活变化的句式，注意句子的主动被动、句子的长短、句型之间的搭配等。这样才能使文章读起来富有生气。68技巧1 变化句子的长度长句是用来表达比较复杂的思想或作为细节的描写；而简洁的短句常起到强调的作用，用来表达结论、重点以及重要事实非常恰当。因此最好在写作中根据不同的情况变化句子的长度交错使用长短句，增加语言的表现力。69*在不影响意思表达的前提下，删除一些词或短语In my opinion,I think we should get there as quickly as we can.I think we should get there as quickly as we can.*用单词替代词组Joe entered the classroom without making any noise.Joe entered the classroom quietly.70*用短语代替句子Please take care of my cat when I am away.Please take care of my cat during my absence.*使用固定句型As soon as we left the house,it began to rain.We had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.71技巧 2 改变句子结构为了避免文章平淡、呆板，写作中除了可以使用基为了避免文章平淡、呆板，写作中除了可以使用基本句型外，还可以运用其它不同的句式，如强调句、本句型外，还可以运用其它不同的句式，如强调句、被动句、否定句等。被动句、否定句等。*改变修饰成分的位置改变修饰成分的位置He closed the door He closed the door quicklyquickly.QuicklyQuickly he closed the door.he closed the door.People can get around freely People can get around freely with a carwith a car.With a carWith a car,people can get around freely.,people can get around freely.72不定式开头：He got up early to catch the first bus.To catch the first bus,he got up early.分词开头：If you give me enough time,I can do it well.Given enough time,I can do it well.After he finished the exercise,he went out.Finishing the exercise,he went out.73*主动或被动Today,we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.74*肯定或否定I shall go there if it does not rain.I shall go there unless it rains.*使用强调句Helen and Linda prepared the dinner.It was Helen and Linda who prepared the dinner.75*正常语序或倒装语序：A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.Among the products on display was A new type of TV sets.We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis 76复习应试行动篇n1、列出“知识和能力清单”清单应该包括高考说明中的词汇表，要有英语语法细目