1科技英语答案2015年11月20日.doc

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2015年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2015年12月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--

· 单选题
· 阅读理解
· 阅读理解
· 完型填空

一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 30 分。）
V
1. I suppose you couldn't let me borrow your car this evening, _____?
A. couldn't you
B. don't you
C. could you
D. will you
满分：2 分
2. Over 30 years, he devoted himself to ______ the collections of the Summer Palace and to the research of their crafts.
A. identifying
B. simplifying
C. clarifying
D. classifying
满分：2 分
3. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large （ ）
A. quantity
B. scale
C. quality
D. proportion
满分：2 分
4. The employees’ wage rise and the wage of senior managerial personnel are decided by the （ ） of directors of the enterprise through discussions
A. board
B. abroad
C. boast
D. bold
满分：2 分
5. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?
A. have to go
B. have go
C. have gone
D. had go
满分：2 分
6. Foreign investors are allowed, （ ） the relevant regulations, to invest their profits in RMB in the domestic enterprises
A. ahead of time
B. in accordance with
C. trade union
D. joint venture
满分：2 分
7. Whether it is desirable or not ______ the importance of avoiding rejects versus the importance of avoiding cost increases
A. relates to
B. consists of
C. engages in
D. depends on
满分：2 分
8. Obviously you came here intending to （ ） the United States and you will need a work visa
A. rest with
B. resort to
C. render into
D. reside in
满分：2 分
9. However much _____, it will be worth the money.
A. the dictionary costs
B. costs the dictionary
C. the dictionary will cost
D. does the dictionary cost
满分：2 分
10. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage.
A. mark
B. orbit
C. store
D. line
满分：2 分
11. ______ with the developed areas, people’s living standard of this province is not high at all.
A. Compared
B. To be compared
C. Having compared
D. Comparing
满分：2 分
12. I hope that I shall never again have to __ such unpleasant experience; otherwise I might sue to the court
A. undergo
B. underlie
C. underline
D. understand
满分：2 分
13. If you don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get ______.
A. sank
B. soaped
C. foamed
D. soaked
满分：2 分
14. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job.
A. astronomer
B. scientist
C. candidate
D. researcher
满分：2 分
15. How close parents are to their children______a strong influence on the development of the children's character.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. had
满分：2 分

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2015年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2015年12月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--

· 单选题
· 阅读理解
· 阅读理解
· 完型填空

二、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）
V
1.
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.
Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.
The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.
It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.
Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.
1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. a model of the universe
B. a restricted part of the universe
C. a set of rules
D. a reality
满分：4 分
2). The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.
A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.
B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.
D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
满分：4 分
3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.
A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories
B. to invent one theory to describe the whole universe
C. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics
D. to study the origin of the universe
满分：4 分
4). It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.
A. inversely proportional to their mass
B. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
C. proportional to the square of the distance between them
D. proportional to the constitution of them
满分：4 分
5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.
A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity
B. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics
C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity

满分：4 分

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三、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）
V
1.
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group —college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers—a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive.
1). According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _____
A. a person's property or debts do not matter much
B. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C. women should always dress fashionably
D. women should not only be attractive but also high minded
满分：4 分
2). The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ______.
A. people do not realize the importance of looking one's best
B. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C. good looking women aspire to managerial positions
D. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
满分：4 分
3). Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes ______.
A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deep
B. they do not usually act according to the views they support
C. they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratings
D. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments
满分：4 分
4). "Good looks cut both ways for women"(Line 1, Para.5) means that _______.
A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B. good looking women always get the best of everything
C. being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
满分：4 分
5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _____.
A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
B. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
D. good looks are important for women as they are for men
满分：4 分

四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 30 分。）
V
1.
In recent years a new farming revolution has begun one that involves the manipulation of life at a (1) level — the gene. The study of genetics has (2) a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it incorporates biology (3) modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working passionately to (4) seeds that give a high yield, that (5) diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for (6) chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most (7). But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.
In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain (8) . A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, (9) usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another (10) to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze (11) from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. (12), then, biotechnology allows humans to breach the genetic walls that separate species.
Like the green revolution, (13) some call, the gene revolution (14) to the problem of genetic uniformity—some say even more so (15) geneticists can employ techniques such (16) cloning and organ culture(培养), processes that produce perfectly (17) copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain