语法专题2市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,英语,高考总复习人教版,必修一,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,语法专题(二)定语从句,1/96,一、关系词,关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成份。,2/96,关系词类别,关系词,先行词,充当从句句子成份,关系代词,who,人,主、宾、表,whom,人,宾,which,物,主、宾、表,that,人或物,主、宾、表,as,人或物,主、宾、表,whose,人或物,定,关系副词,when,时间词,状,where,地点词,状why,reason,状,3/96,1.指人时，who和that都能够使用，但先行词是anyone，those，he时，普通用who。,这么考过,(江西临川二中)The employers often give the job to _ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty.,AwhoeverBwhomever,Cwho Dthose who,答案：,D,4/96,(江苏姜堰中学),You see，you seem to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball.,Yeah，but _，so I think it doesnt matter at all.,Ahe that climbs high falls heavily,Bhe who does not advance loses ground,Che who makes no mistakes makes nothing,Dhe knows most who speaks least,5/96,解析：,据句意表泛指he作先行词，由who引导定语从句。不犯错误人也做不成任何事。故选C。,答案：,C,6/96,2who和whom都能够作从句宾语，但从句中介词提前时，不能用who。这么考过,(江苏武进区四校联考),She is a helpful neighbor，_ all of us will always adore and be thankful to.,A/Bthat,Cthe one whom Done whom,答案：,D,7/96,(全国),She brought with her three friends，none of _ I had ever met before.,Athem Bwho,Cwhom Dthese,解析：,句意：她带了三个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met,none,_,of,_,her,_,three,_,friends,.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。,答案：,C,8/96,3whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。,这么考过,(北京海淀区),Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.,Awhat Bwhich,Cwhere Dwhose,解析：,先行词是京剧，后面用定语从句修饰。京剧格调为我们中大多数人不熟悉，所以选whose。,答案：,D,9/96,(安徽),Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.,Atheir Bwhose,Cof them Dwith whom,解析：,句意：很多小孩在村里都得到了很好照料，他们父母亲远在大城市里打工。whose 引导非限制性定语从句。A项their和C项of them不能连接从句，能够排除；选with whom会造成句意混乱。,答案：,B,10/96,(北京西城区抽样测试),Just like a voyage at sea，our life journey，_ days are limited，is full of difficulties.,Awhich B.that,Cits Dwhose,解析：,由句意：人生旅途如航海一样，时光有限，且充满艰辛。whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰journey，作定语从句定语，故选D。,答案：,D,11/96,4which和that所代替先行词是表示事物名词或代词。,这么考过,(南通调研),Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.,Awhere Bwhen,Cthat Dwhat,12/96,解析：,由句子结构知空格处应填一个关系代词，引导定语从句修饰先行词situations，且在定语从句中作主语，故选that。,答案：,C,13/96,5先行词是物时that和which普通能够交换使用，但有时不可换用。,(1)以下场所普通只用that：,先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词。,14/96,这么考过,(衡水中学),They went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about happened.,Awhich Bwhat,Cthat Dwhen,解析：,由句中知先行词为不定代词everything，选C。,答案：,C,15/96,(南昌调研),You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.,Athat;what Bthat;/,Cwhich;that Dwhat;that,解析：,第一空先行词为all，后面应该用that引导定语从句；第二空先行词something暗示应该用that，但因为此处that在从句中作宾语，故能够省略。,答案：,B,16/96,当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时。,这么考过,(宁波联考),Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting?,Absolutely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express.,Athat Bwhat,Cwhich Dwhy,17/96,解析：,定语从句缺乏宾语且先行词前面有the very 修饰时，关系代词只用that不用which。,答案：,A,18/96,先行词有两个，一个指人，另一个指物。,可能这么考,He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.,Awhich Bthat,Cwhom Dwhat,解析：,things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰先行词既表示人，又表示物名词时，其关系代词要用that。,答案：,B,19/96,主句是以who或which开头特殊疑问句。,当先行词由the only，the very，few，little，no，all等修饰时。,当先行词在主句中作表语时，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。,(2)以下场所不能使用that：,在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom，指物时使用which)。,20/96,这么考过,(济南模拟),We went to Mountain Tai last weekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors.,Athat Bwhich,Cwhere Dwhen,21/96,解析：,句意为：我们上个周末去了泰山，并不奇怪是，那里挤满了游客。分析句子成份可知，所填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Mountain Tai，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故应用which来引导。where引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语。that引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语、宾语等。when引导定语从句时，先行词应为表示时间词，且在定语从句中作时间状语。由语境可知B项正确。,答案：,B,22/96,在“介词关系代词”结构中(指人时使用whom，指物时使用which)。,这么考过,(福州质检)There are altogether fiftysix students in our class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village.,Athe most hardworking of who,Bof whom the most hardworking,Cthe most hardworking of them,Dbut the most hardworking of whom,23/96,解析：,依据句意及句型结构，应为B项，属介词前置定语从句。A项who前不能有介词；C项them不能引导定语从句；D项有连词but不再是定语从句，所以不能用whom。,答案：,B,24/96,(潍坊质检),Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school.,Ain which Bfor which,Cwhich Dwhen,解析：,该句中accidents为先行词，in which引导定语从句，相当于where，作从句地点状语。句意为,“,因为不停有校园伤害或死亡报道，校园安全已成为了一个主要问题。,”,故选A。,答案：,A,25/96,6当先行词指时间、地点、原因(the reason)时，假如关系词在从句中作状语，用when，where，why。,这么考过,(重庆),Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.,Awhy Bwhat,Cthat Dwhere,26/96,解析：,句意：生活像长跑比赛，我们与其它人竞争以超越自我。本题考查定语从句。先行词为race，代入定语从句后为：we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race。由此可见，in the long race 在定语从句中作状语，且不表示原因(排除A项)，故D项正确。,答案：,D,27/96,(浙江),I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.,Awhich Bwhere,Chow Dwhy,解析：,句意：我已经到了应该自己作决定那个人生阶段。where 引导定语从句修饰先行词point。,答案：,B,28/96,(福建),Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.,Athat Bwhen,Cwhich Dwhere,29/96,解析：,句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently,in,_,the,_,situation,.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表,“,时间,”,，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。,答案：,D,30/96,(锦州二模),So you know Della?,Yes，it was last week _ I surfed the Internet.,Athat Bwhen,Csince Dbefore,解析：,依据句意可知it此处指是认识Della时间，而不是强调句型中it。因今后用when引导定语从句。,答案：,B,31/96,7当先行词是the way，而且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，能够用that，能够用in which，也能够省略。,这么考过,(漳州质检),Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way _ we might find interesting.,Awhich Bin which,Cin that Dwhat,32/96,解析：,由句子知空格处应填一个引导定语从句关系词来修饰先行词way，定语从句中缺乏一个做宾语成份，故选关系代词which。假如先行词为way，定语从句中缺乏方式状语，则用in which,/that/,来引导定语从句。注意区分这两种方法。,答案：,A,33/96,二、非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不亲密，去掉定语从句，句子意思依然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：,非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。,非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略，不论在从句中充当什么成份。,34/96,这么考过,(山东),Whenever I met her，_ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.,Awho Bwhich,Cwhen Dthat,解析：,句意：不论我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子。,答案：,B,35/96,(北京西城区),More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，_ there used to be very few.,Awhen Bwhere,Cwhat Dwhich,解析：,更多野生老虎在这个地域森林里被发觉了。,“,this area,”,是先行词，where引导定语从句，意思是这里过去(老虎)极少，用来修饰this area。,答案：,B,36/96,三、“介词关系代词(which,/whom/,whose)”引导定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，经常将介词前置到作宾语关系代词前。主要考查以下三个方面：,1,关系代词选取：关系代词指人时，只可用whom，不可用who或that；关系代词指物时，只可用which，不可用that。,37/96,这么考过,(苏、锡、常、镇四市联考),He didnt put the things _ they belonged，for _ reason he got his punishment.,Awhich;that Bwhat;that,Cthat;whose Dwhere;which,38/96解析：,据句意知，第一空为where引导地点状语从句；第二空为which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代其前主句。据此，选D。,答案：,D,39/96,(江西五校联考),The rich，for _ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.,Atheir Bthem,Cwhose Dwhom,解析：,先行词是the rich，指人，关系词在从句中作介词for宾语，且介词for提前，故用whom。,答案：,D,40/96,注意：并不是全部情况下介词都能够前置，含有介词短语动词不可拆开，介词仍需放在动词后面。如look for，look after，take care of等。,41/96,2介词选择：介词选择取决于这个介词与先行词、从句中相关成份或整个从句之间各种搭配关系。,这么考过,(长郡中学),It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.,Aof which Bwhere,Cfrom which Dabove which,42/96,解析：,which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the top of Mount Qomolangma，在,之上，用介词above，属介词前置定语从句，故选D。,答案：,D,43/96,(陕西重点联考),The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.,Athat Bwhich,Cfor which Dto which,解析：,语境：然而，你申请这个职位薪俸并不算(十分)优厚。however 作为插入成份，轻易使考生犯错。其实，本句可拆分为,“,You are applying for the position.,”,和,“,The position is not quite a wellpaid one.,”,两个句子，故关系代词which作apply for 宾语。,答案：,C,44/96,(浙江五校联考),He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.,Aafter Bby,Cat Dduring,解析：,依据后面部分过去完成时态可知前面应该用by。,答案：,B,45/96,(贵港监测),The film _ I am speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema.,Ato which Bwith which,Cof which Don which,解析：,“,speak of something,”,谈论，故选C。,答案：,C,46/96,3介词关系代词前还可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等，代词、名词或数词等组成复合介词短语。,His sons，both of whom loved music very much，spent most of their money on CDs.他两个儿子都热爱音乐，他们把大部分钱用来买CD唱片。,47/96,这么考过,(福建师大附中),James and Alex，_ clothes Harry had taken away，had to leave the pool with nothing on.,Aboth of which Bboth of whose,Cneither of whom Dneither of which,48/96,解析：,由句意：James和Alex不得不光着身子上岸，他俩衣服被Harry拿走了。所考查部分为名词/代词及介词提前定语从句，先行词James和Alex与clothes之间为所属关系，故选关系代词whose作定语。综上选B。,答案：,B,49/96,(扬州调研),Zunhua is one of the famous tourism destinations，_ lies Dongling，a group of the Qing Imperial Tombs.,A20 miles northwest of it,B20 miles northwest of which,Cnorthwest 20 miles to it,Dnorthwest 20 miles of which,50/96,解析：,分析句子知本句考查名/代词前置，其后加介词定语从句，句意：遵化是著名旅游景点之一，在其西北20英里处，座落着东陵，,。,答案：,B,51/96,(江西吉安一中)The mountain villagers，_ had been damaged by the big flood，were given help by both the government and the Red Cross.,Aall whose homes Ball of whose homes,Call their homes Dall of their homes,答案：,B,52/96,(四川绵阳诊疗),The pilot lost connection with the military base，_ the plane crashed in the desert.,Aby means of which Bin front of which,Cin case of which Das a result of which,解析：,由语境可知，the plane crashed in the desert 是The pilot lost connection with the military base结果，所以要用as a result of which。句意为：飞行员与军事基地失去了联络，结果，飞机在沙漠中失事。,答案：,D,53/96,四、as引导定语从句使用方法,1,as可引导限制性定语从句，用于such/so.as.，the same.as.结构中。,注意：先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句引导词能够使用as或that，但意义不一样，用as表示前后所指是同一类别事物中不一样个体，用that表示前后所指是同一件事物。如：,54/96,He bought the same diamond as I lost two years ago.,他买了和我两年前所丢失一样钻石。(是差不多一样一颗，而非同一颗),He bought the same diamond that I lost two years ago.,他买了我两年前丢失钻石。(是同一颗钻石),55/96,这么考过,(浙江台州中学)The small town is so good a place _ many people come to visit _ it has become well known all over the world.,Athat;that Bas;as,Cthat;as Das;that,答案：,D,56/96,(吉安模拟)His stocks are sold at such a low price _ he didnt expect.,Aas Bthat,Cwhen Dwhich,解析：,从句型结构看先行词price之前被such修饰，由此确定由as引导定语从句，并作定语从句中expect宾语，故选A。,答案：,A,57/96,还可能这么考,I have bought the same watch_you have.,Athat Bwhich,Cas Dwhose,解析：,the same.as.表示“与,一样,”,，强调二者完全相同。而such(a,/an).as.则表示,“,像那样一类,”,，强调二者之间类似。另外，若需表示,“,同一个,”,，强调二者是同一对象(人或物)，则使用,“,the same.关系代词that/,关系副词where,”,。,答案：,C,58/96,2当非限制性定语从句先行词不是主句中某一个词，而是整个主句时，能够用which或as引导。,注意：(1)以下情况普通用as：,a从句意为,“,(正)像,一样，(正)如,一样,”,。,59/96,这么考过,(海门市诊疗性考试),That raised the costs of Medicare,_ represented 15%of the federal funds last year.,A.it B.what,C.which D.that,答案：,C,60/96,(天津)The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.,Awhat Bthat,Chow Das,61/96,解析：,本题考查考生对定语从句掌握和利用能力。本题句意为：“你们中许多年纪大人会记这一点甲壳虫乐队组员是来自利物浦,”,。依据句子结构判断，空白处缺一引导非限制性定语从句关联词，因为先行词并非仅指名词The Beatles，而指,“,The Beatles came from Liverpool,”,整个句子，应选择关系代词as，所以正确答案是D。,答案：,D,62/96,b从句位于句首，组成以下常见结构：as is well known众所周知；as often happens这种情况经常发生；as is often the case情况经常这么；as is supposed如所预料；as has been pointed out如所指出，as has been said before如前所说；as is usual(某人)通常会。,63/96,这么考过,(云南昆明质检),_is generally the case，those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.,AWhich BThat,CWhat DAs,解析：,as 引导方式状语，表示,“,正如,一样,”,。,答案：,D,64/96,(常德测试卷),_ is reported in the newspaper，people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the terrible disaster and living a normal life.,AIt BAs,CThat DWhat,解析：,As is reported in the newspaper,“,正如所报道那样,”,。as用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替整个主句内容。,答案：,B,65/96,(2)以下情况普通用which：,主句和从句表示因果关系。,这么考过,(湖南)By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_can be very eyeopening and rewarding.,Awho Bwhich,Cwhat Dthat,66/96,解析：,先行词为前面整句话所表示内容，故用which引导一个非限定性定语从句。,答案：,B,67/96,(东北三校联考)Obama won the election.Its amazing!,Yes.But the result was within _ we had expected，_ brought great joy to many young people and the black.,Athat;which Bthat;that,Cwhat;what Dwhat;which,解析：,第一个空what作expect宾语，指代前面,“,the result,”,；第二个空which引导非限定性定语从句。,答案：,D,68/96,非限制性定语从句是否定意义。,这么考过,(西城)The project turned out to be very good，,_was more than we could expect.,Awhat Bthat,Cwhich Dthis,解析：,定语从句意思是：并非我们所预料。,答案：,C,69/96,五、其它,1,分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其它成份分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。此时须注意区分从句先行词：,The days are gone when we suffered so much.,以前那种受苦难日子已过去了。,(when引导定语从句修饰days，中间被谓语are gone隔开),70/96,The boss of the company，whose name was Mr.Little，told the story.企业老板名叫利特尔先生，他说明了情况。,(whose引导定语从句修饰boss，中间被介词短语of the company隔开),71/96,这么考过,(北京崇文区),The photographs of Ms.Kerry，_ she often makes her family members her subjects，are of great value.,Afor whom Bin which,Cabout which Dof whom,解析：,先行词是The photographs of Ms Kerry 定语从句,“,在照片里，她家人是她拍摄主题,”,，故选取in which。,答案：,B,72/96,2定语从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数一致。,注意：先行词前有one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用复数；先行词前有the(only)one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用单数。,73/96,这么考过,(潍坊测试),This is one of the best films _ this year.,Athey have been shown,Bthat has been shown,Cthat have been shown,Dwhich have been shown,答案：,C,74/96,1The man showed us such a heavy stone _ no man could lift.,AthatBas,Cwhich Dand,75/96,答案与解析：,B定语从句。当先行词被such，as，the same，so等修饰时关系代词惯用as引导定语从句。如从句中lift后有宾语it，则为结果状语从句，引导词用that。(友情提醒：复习定语从句时，关注which和as代表整个句子时区分)。,76/96,2Sufficient supply of gas is the major concern to the European Union，_ a number of member states are increasingly dependent on one single supplier.,Awhich Bthat,Cwhose Dwhere,77/96,答案与解析：,D考查定语从句使用方法。句意为“足够油气供给是欧盟主要关注事情，在欧盟很多组员国越来越依赖于单一供给商。,”,在此,“,_a number of member states are increasingly dependent on one single supplier,”,是定语从句修饰先行词the European Union，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选D。本题轻易误选A和B，是因为句子结构没判断准确。,78/96,3,(安徽名校联考),In our university there are several big parks _we students can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.,Ato which Bat which,Cfrom which Din which,答案与解析：,A本题考查定语从句。由go to several big parks,“,去公园,”,可知，句子中应用to which来引导定语从句。后面to enjoy the beautiful scenery做目标状语。,79/96,4A dozen family members gathered at the table _ were traditional local foods such as preserved ham sausage.,Awhat Bwhich,Cthat Dwhere,答案与解析：,D考查定语从句先行词。很显然先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where，相当于on the table；定语从句为倒装结构。,80/96,5The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，_ is often the case in other countries.,Awhat Bas,Cso Dthat,答案与解析：,B考查定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面一句话，意为,“,正如,，正像,”,。,81/96,6Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters.,Ain which Bwhere,Cthat D/,答案与解析：,C考查定语从句。从句中缺乏主语，所以应该用关系代词，关系代词作主语时不能够省略，所以本题选择that，代替places。,82/96,7There are often occasions _ people are not clear about their roles in the society.,Awhy Bwhich,Cwhen Dwhat,答案与解析：,C考查定语从句。先行词是occasion，指物，也可指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词，选C。,83/96,8Its on the festival occasions _ the family get together _he misses his late father.,Awhere;that Bwhich;when,Cwhen;that Dthat;when,答案与解析：,C第一个空由when引导定语从句，修饰on the festival occasions；第二个空为强调句型，Its on the festival occasions that he misses his late father.,84/96,9Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one _ comes into their mind is Liu Qian.,Awhom Bwhich,Cthat Dwhat,答案与解析：,C考查定语从句。代替指人先行词，并在从句中作主语，先行词由the first 修饰，所以只能用that。,85/96,10,(北京东城区),When you look for a job,its not your book knowledge but your experience _ matters more.,Awhether Bwhich,Cwhat Dthat,答案与解析：,D考查强调句型，强调原句主语。,86/96,11Bill Gates has created a wonderful“window”_ people can surf the Internet freely.,Athat Bwhich,C