piechart饼图.doc

雅思小作文饼图解题思路
饼形图与柱形图或者是线形图所截然不同的是它没有了横轴与纵轴，而以饼形的分割来表示百分比，但我们仍可以依照三步的审题分析法来进行观察：
Step 1: 观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间的关系是什么（一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图）；
Step 2: 观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么；
Step 3: 观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的百分比的比较或发展。
现在我们就来分析一下下面的饼形图：
Many women want or need to continue working even after they have
children. The charts below show the working patterns of mothers with
young children to care for.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information on the
charts below.

Step 1: 一共有四张饼图，它们分别按照由母亲照料的最年幼孩子的年龄大小来进行排列，从0 ~ 2岁到10岁以上；
Step 2: 每张饼图中都有三种区域：白色区、深色区和浅色区。它们分别表示母亲的工作状态：白色区为“没有工作”，深色区为“兼职工作”，浅色区为“全职工作”；
Step 3: 白色区在0 ~ 2岁时处于绝对优势，占70%，而随着孩子年龄的增长，白色区渐渐地变小，在10岁以上时只有26%；深色区在孩子年幼时比例很小：0 ~ 2岁时只有19%。随着孩子的长大，深色区急剧扩张，在5 ~ 9岁时达到顶峰，占48%，但在10岁以后却轻微下降到45%；而浅色区的变化则是在同一时期内分别占到了11%，11%，14%和29%。
当然，在开始写文章之前，我们还必须决定文章所用的时态。在这张图的要求里，并没有说是过去的时间里做的调查，因此我们就默认为是一般现在时。
做完了审图的工作后，我们就可以着手开始选词了。在饼图中，表示百分比的句子是必不可少的。一般表示百分比有两种比较容易掌握的句型。上图中第一张饼里的11%来举例。
a.      The full time working mothers with 0 to 2 year old child to care for make up 11%.
b.      The percentage of the full time working mothers with 0 to 2 year old child to care for makes up 11%.

占多少百分比：make up/ account for
百分比：proportion/rate
避免重复发生：分词作定语、定语从句、非限制性定语从句、非谓语
保持句式多变
　　百分比(名词)/比例：proportion, rate, percentage, share
　　占据 (动词)：occupy, comprise, constitute, account for, represent.
　　数字：number, amount, data, figure
　　大约：roughly, about, nearly, approximately, a little less than, slightly more than
　　各自地：respectively, for each，severally
　　4、细节修饰
　　由于雅思小作文主要围绕数据展开，在恰当组织上述表达方式的基础上，考生须准备多样化的数据链接方式，在文章中恰当使用，穿插变换避免重复，使得文章在表达上更加严谨，看起来有理有据。主要数据添加方式有：
　　1. 利用标点，如括号和破折号。
　　2. 利用介词，如with, at, to, by等。
　　3. 利用分词或从句，倒装句。

思考以下问题：
写作题目：
WRITING TASK 1：
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
* The charts below show US spending patterns from 1966 to 1996.
* Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.

1. 概述两图描述了什么（需要对象和时间）？
2. 两图中哪两种消费方式 占的比例比较大？各自又有什么变化（数据说明）？
3. 两图中还有哪些消费方式发生了变化？变化特征大吗？具体有什么变化（数据说明）？
4. 两图中哪些消费方式相对变化不大？对应数据是什么？
5. “占”多少百分比如何丰富表达？必要的时候，一些特殊的百分比用什么适当的英文单词来表达？

写作范例：
The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.
Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay （花费、费用）on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years.
In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.

水力发电能源
抓住关键词：

范文参考
Model answer:

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years. 两年中各能源总的变化

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%（同位语）, decreased its share（比重） very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.

(152 words)

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the two graphs below.
· You should write at least 150 words.
· Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.

model answer:
The pie charts compare the highest level of education achieved by women in Someland across two years, 1945 and 1995. It can be clearly seen that women received a much higher level of education in Someland in 1995 than they did in 1945.

In 1945 only 30% of women completed their secondary education and 1% went on to a first degree. No women had completed post-graduate studies. This situation had changed radically by 1995. In 1995, 90% of women in Someland had completed secondary education and of those, half had graduated from an initial degree and 20% had gone on to postgraduate studies. At the other end of the scale we can see that by 1995 all girls were completing lower secondary, although 10% ended their schooling at this point. This is in stark contrast with 1945 when only 30% of girls completed primary school, 35% had no schooling at all and 35% only completed the third grade.

In conclusion, we can see that in the 50 years from 1945 to 1995 there have been huge positive developments to the education levels of women in Someland.