英语中的省略和替代省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Ellipsis,Grammar,第1页,1.This radio ,but that,one doesnt .,读以下句子,说你感觉。,work,well,works well,2.When pure,a colorless,liquid.,water,is,water,is,3.Are,you,?Yes,I am,.,ready,ready,4.He was,as,he,had,been,in his youth.,a lover of sports,a lover of sports,5.,The,river,deep,and,the,ice,thin.,was,was,6.,ake,care!,You,T,t,第2页,1.省略,句定义,省略是为了防止重复、突出新信息并使,上下文紧密连接一个语法修辞伎俩。,省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一个,十分普遍现象。,第3页,2.句子成份省略,省略前提:,主谓宾,定状表,如有重复可删掉。,省略标准:,词语省略后,不致令人费解。,省略类型：,1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和一些现成简单句中)；,2.承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；,3.可有可无型(用于宾从中that、定从中作宾语,whom,which,that和一些状从中),4.虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装虚拟条件句中)。,第4页,1.省略主语:祈使句中主语通常被省略;,其它省略主语情况多限于少数现成说法。,(1),(You),Come,in,please.,(2),(I),See,you,tomorrow.,(3),(I),Thank,you for your help.,(4),(I),Beg,your pardon.,简单句中省略,第5页,2.省略主语或谓语一部分,简单句中省略,(1)(,There,is,)No smoking.,(2)(,Will,you,)Have a smoke?,(3)Why(,do,you,)not say hello to him?,(4)How(,do,you,think,)about a cup of tea?,(5)(,You,come,)this way,please.,第6页,3.省略宾语:可省略宾语全部;可省略作宾语,动词不定式,只保留to,但假如该宾语是动词,be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have。,-Do you know Miss Hu?,-I dont know(,her,).,(2)Dont touch anything unless the teacher,tells you to(,touch,).,(3)-Are you a teacher?,-No,but I want to be(,a teacher,).,(4)-He hasnt finished the task.,-Well,he ought to have(,finish,it,).,第7页,4.省略表语,-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(,thirsty,).,His brother is lazy.Nor is his sister(,lazy,).,5.同时省略几个句子成份,-Are you fell better now?,-(,Im,feeling,)better(,now,).,(2)(,I wish,)Good luck(,to,you,)!,(3)Lets meet at the school gate as the,same as(,we,met,)yesterday.,第8页,并列句中省略,两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句,中相同部分。,My father is a doctor and my mother,(,is,)a nurse.,(2)I study at college and my sister(,studies,),at high school,(3)Lins father was not at home,but his,mother was(,at,home,).,第9页,主从复合句中省略,1.主句中有一些主谓被省略,(,Im,)Sorry to heat that you are ill.,(2)(,Its,)a pity that you missed such a,good chance.,2.省略从句中与主句相同部分,They do not visit their parents as much as,they ought to(,visit,their,parents,).,3.主句与从句各有一些成份被省略,The sooner(,you,do,it,),the better(,it,will,be,).,第10页,4.省略一个从句或从句一部分,可用so 或,not代替。惯用于这类动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell,等以及appear,seem,afraid etc.,(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?,-I guess,not,.,(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think,so.,(2)She must be busy now?,-If,so,she cant,go,with,us,.,(3)Is she feeling better today?-Im afraidnot,.,第11页,其它省略,1.连词that省略,宾语从句中常省略连词that.,I know he is a student.,(2)在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外,凡是进行时态和被动语态定语从句都可省略关系代词,和be 动词。,He likes the songs(,that,),Andy Lau sings.,He likes the songs(,that,are,)sung by Andy Lau.,(that),第12页,2.在一些状语从句中,从句主语与主句,主语一致时,可省去“主语+be”部分。,(1)When still a boy of 10,he had to,work day and night.,(2)She tried her best though rather,poor in health.,(3)While cycling,dont forget the,traffic lights.骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。,(you are),(you),(he was),(she was),第13页,3.不定式符号to省略,1)并列不定式可省去后面 to.,I told him,to,sit,down,and,wait for,a moment.,2),help 当“帮助”讲时,后面宾语或宾补,不定式符号to可带可不带。,I will help,(to),do it for you.,I will help you,(to),do,it.,(3),介词but前若有动词do,后面不定式不带,to.,The,boy did nothing,but play.,第14页,4)一些使役动词,(let,make,have),及感官动词,(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等）,后面作宾语补足语不定式一定,要省去 to,但在被动语态中须将,to 复原。,I,saw,the,boy,fall,from,the,tree.,The,boy,was,seen,to,fall,from,the tree.,The,boss,made,us,work,12,hours a day.,We,were,made,to,work,12,hours a day.,第15页,5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语不定式,to可带可不带。,What we can do now is,(to)wait.,6)find 当“发觉”讲时，后面作宾语补足语,不定式符号to可带可不带。,We found him,(to)work,very hard at the,experiment.,但假如是不定式 to be,则不能省略。,She found him,to,be,dishonest.第16页,(3),Should,there,be,a flood,what should we do?,they would certainly come,and help us.,(2),Were I you,I would do the work,better.,Had they,time,If,I,had,time,(If I were you),(If there should be a flood),4.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但要将,后面should,were,had提到主语前面。,第17页,5.英语中有一些固定省略结构：,在以if,when,though,as if(好象)等连词引导,从句中,如从句中主要动词是be,常将主语,it 和动词be 省略。,If necessary,we shall send a telegram home.,如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。,Whenever possible,he will come to my help.,他一有可能就来帮助我,。,it,is,it,is,第18页,Notes,1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份,What exciting news!(=What exciting news,it is!)多么令人激动消息啊！,Pity hes failed.(=It is a pity that hes failed.),很遗憾,他失败了。,I like him more than her.(=I like him more,than I like her.),我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她,。,第19页,3.被省略部分普通能够在句子中补上,但,有时省略结构已经定型,假如把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。,He is taller than I am.他比我高。,(am之后省略tall,补上不合习惯）,No parking.禁止停车。,(通告用语=No parking is allowed here.),有一些习惯表示极难补上所省略部分：,Not at all.不用谢。,No matter.不要紧。,Thanks.谢谢。,第20页,1.Havent seen you for ages.,2.Sounds like a good idea.,3.Sorry to hear that.,4.this way,please!,5.Joining us for a walk?,6.Some more tea?,7.Doesnt matter.,8.Pity you couldnt come.,9.Terrible weather!,10.Going to the supermarket?,Exercise,I,It,I am,Walk,Would,you,like,Would,you,like,It,It,is a,What/Such,Are,you,第21页,Exercise,She can swim under water longer than,I can swim under water.,2.They discussed whether they should stay,in the house or they should try the open air.,3.They had a meal,they went out for a walk,and then they came back to sleep.,4.Dont bathe if you dont to bathe.,5.I dont visit my parents as much as I ought,to visit my parents.,第22页,1.The research is so designed that,once _ nothing can be done,to change it.,A.begins,B.having begun,C.beginning,D.begun,D,单项选择,第23页,2.What surprised me was not what he,said but _ he said it.,A.the way,B.in the way that,C.in the wayD.the way which,A,第24页,3.A computer does only what thinking,people _.,A.have it do,B.have it done,C.have done it,D.having it done,A,第25页,4.-Ill be away on a business trip.Would,you mind looking after my car?,-Not at all._.,A.Ive no time,B.Id rather not,C.Id like it,D.Id be happy to,D,第26页,5.-You havent lost the ticket,have you?,-_.I know its not easy to get,another one at the moment.,A.I hope not,B.Yes,I have,C.I hope so,D.Yes,Im afraid so,A,第27页,6._ it rain tomorrow,we would,have to put off the visit to the,Yangpu Bridge.,A.Were B.Should,C.Would D.Will,B,第28页,7.-Lets go and have a good drinktonight.,-_ Have you got the first prize,in the competition?,A.What for?,B.Thanks a lot.,C.Yes,Id like to,D.Why not?,A,第29页,8.-Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are,you doing your homework?,-I am doing these exercises now so,that I wont have _ on Sunday.,A.it B.them C.for D.to,D,第30页,9.-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday,party tomorrow evening?,-Yes.Itll be fine if you _.,A.are B.can C.invite D.do,10.-Arent you the manager?,-No,and I _.,A.,dont want to B.dont want to be,C.dont want be D.dont want,D,B,第31页,11.-Wont you have another try?,-_.,A.Yes,I will have B.Yes,I wont have,C.Yes,I wont D.Yes,I will,12.-I wont do it any more.,-_?,A.Why not,B.Why dont do any more,C.Why not do,D.Why dont,D,D,第32页,13.-Do you think it will snow tomorrow?,-_?,A.I dont think B.No,I dont think,C.I dont think so D.No,I dont so,14.-Have you fed the cat?,-No,but _.,A.Im B.I am,C.Im just going D.Im just going to,C,D,第33页,15.-Does your brother intend to study German?,-Yes,he intends _.,A./B.to C.so D.that,16.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the,street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,17.-What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_her new bicycle.,A.As she lost B.Lost,C.Losing D.Because of losing,B,A,C,第34页,18.If _,well continue our experiment,after office hours.,A.being necessary B.be necessary,C.is necessary D.necessary,19.-Do you think its going to rain over the,weekend?-_.,A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it,C.I believe not so D.I believe not,20.Generally speaking,_ according to,directions,the drug has no side effect.,A.when taking B.when taken,C.when to take D.when to be taken,D,D,B,第35页,21.One of the sides of the board should be,painted yellow,and _.,A.the other is white B.another white,C.the other white D.another is white,22.-Would you like some wine?,-Yes,just _.,A.little B.very little C.a little D.a few,C,C,第36页,替换,(一),so和not,作替换词,代替被省略某个词(组),或句子,普通同表示个人看法或想法动词连用,作,be afraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think,等宾语。,Not,代替否定句子还可放在,perhaps,probably,absolutely,等副词后。,第37页,e.g.She was not angry at first,but became,soangry,)after a while.,-Is he the best student in the class?,-I think so,(=He is best student in the,class).,-I think not,(=He is not the best student,in the class).,第38页,(二)替换应用,1.so能够放在句首或句尾,但若谓语动词是see,notice,hear等,则只能放在句首。如：,I believe(say,think)so.=So I believe(say,think).,He is absent today.,So I see(hear,notice).,2.在表示必定或怀疑意义句中不可用so。,如：误:I doubt so.,正:I doubt it.,第39页,4.do so普通只用替换动态动词,不替换静态,动词。如:,She said she would go with me,but she,didnt do so.,-Alice feels better today.,-I think she does.,-So she does.,而不能说,I think she does so.,3.在ask和know之后也不用so。如：,误:Why do you ask so?,正:Why do you ask that?,第40页,Homework,1.Go over the usage of Ellipsis.,2.Do Exercises 2,3,4 on page 37.,第41页,第42页,