美国概况课件电子教案.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 1,Geography,地理概况,1,2,3,Introduction,简介,Warming Up,热身练习,Reading Materials,阅读材料,4,Supplementary Reading,补充阅读,5,Folk Culture,民俗文化,Contents,Introduction,美利坚合众国（,United States of America,），位于北美洲南部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。从大西洋到太平洋，几乎横跨整个北美洲大陆，陆地面积超过,930,万平方公里，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中华人民共和国，排名第四。它的领土包括北极边缘的阿拉斯加以及远在太平洋赤道地区的夏威夷。美国广大土地上包含各种自然景观：从佛罗里达温暖的海滩到阿拉斯加寒冷的北国地带；从中西部平坦广阔的大草原到终年为冰雪覆盖的落基山脉，其中尤其享誉全球的是壮观的大峡谷、伟大的密西西比河及声如雷鸣的尼加拉大瀑布。,Introduction,美国的地形特点是东西两侧高，中间低，山脉均为南北走向。东部的阿巴拉契亚山自东北向西南扩展，与大西洋岸平行，山脉两侧蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源，是美国重要的煤炭基地。西部的落基山脉号称北美的脊骨，纵贯美国西部山峰高耸入云，为中部在平原竖起一座天然屏障。中部是占全国领土,1/2,的大平原。奔腾不息的密西西比河流经中部大平原，使之成为美国重要的农业区。,美国河流众多，以落基山为界分为两大水系：以西为太平洋水系，主要河流有科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河、育空河。以东为大西洋水系，又分为流入大西洋的河流与流入墨西哥湾的河流。前者有哈德逊河、特拉华河、波托马克河；后者主要有密西西比河。,美国本土位于北温带，大部分地区属大陆性气候，由于美国国土幅员辽阔，地形复杂，所受气流影响也不相同，因而全国各地气候差异极大，主要有,5,种气候现象：大陆性温带阔叶林气候；亚热带森林气候；大陆性气候；内陆性气候；海洋性气候。,Warming Up,Dialogue 1,Dialogue 2,Dialogue 4,Dialogue 3,A:Excuse me,can you tell me where Main Street is?,B:Turn left at the second light and then go straight for two blocks.,A:Is it far?,B:No.Its only a five-minute walk.,A:Thanks a lot.,B:Youre welcome.,Warming Up,DIALOGUE 1,A:Can you tell me the best way to get to Wall Street?,B:You want the 7th Avenue Express,the Number 2.,A:Which way should I go?,B:Go straight down those stairs and follow the signs.,Warming Up,DIALOGUE 2,A:Good evening,Im so happy you could come.,B:Thank you for inviting me.,A:What would you like to drink?,B:A glass of white wine would be finethank you.,Warming Up,DIALOGUE 3,A:Look!Thats the Statue of Liberty.,B:What a spectacular view!Maybe it is the most famous single monument in the USA.,A:It is.It has become a symbol of New York.and of the USA.,B:She is so great.,Warming Up,DIALOGUE 4,1.,Panoramic View,Reading Materials,2.,Main Regions,3.,Mountains,4.,Rivers and Lakes,5.,Climate,6.,Natural Resources,7.,Niagara Falls,8.,Washington D.C.,9.,New York:City of the World,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.Where is the U.S.?,2.What is the detailed location of the mainland areas of the U.S.in geography?,3.Why some people say that it is almost on the same latitude as China in the other hemisphere?,It lies in the middle of the North American continent.,It is situated between the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west.It is bordered by Canada on the north and by Mexico on the south.,As the Tropic of Cancer cuts through some of her province such as Taiwan,Guangdong,and Guangxi in the south.,Panoramic View,New Words,survey,n.,概观，鉴定书；环顾，调查（表,/,所），测量,continent,n.,大陆，陆地；欧洲大陆；,北美洲,大陆,outlying,adj.,偏僻的，边远的；无关的,territory,n.,领土，版图；领地；领域，范围；势力,范围,geographically,adv.,地理学上，在地理上，地理方面,fortunate,adj.,侥幸的，幸运的；带来幸运的,border,v.,与,接界，在,的边上，环绕,borderline,n.,分界线，国界线,boundary,n.,分界线；范围；（球场）边线,latitude,n.,纬度；范围；天黄纬；,liken,v.,比拟；把,比作,hemisphere,n.,半球；地球的半球；解大脑半球,extend,v.,延伸；扩大；推广,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,refer to,as,v.,把,称为,except for,prep.,除,之外；若不是,separate from,v.,分开；区别,USSR(=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics),n.,苏联,Caribbean Sea,n.,加勒比海,the Pacific Ocean,n.,太平洋,the Atlantic,n.,大西洋,Alaska,n.,阿拉斯加州,Hawaii,n.,夏威夷,Mexico,n.,墨西哥,Reading Materials,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.How is divided according to its geographical feature?,2.Where is the lowest point in the whole of North America?,3.What is the western part of the central plain also called?,According to its geographical feature,can roughly be divided into three parts:the eastern part,the western part,and the great central plain in between.,Death Valley.It is 85 meters below sea level.,The western part of the central plain is also called the“Great Plain”.,Main Regions,Reading Materials,Fill in the blanks after reading the passage again.,1.The eastern part is made up of the _ formed by the,Appalachain,Range.,These highlands are relatively _.2.In the west of the Rocky Mountain lie two plateaus:_ in the south and _ in the north.,highlands,low,the Colorado Plateau,the Columbia Plateau,New Words,landscape,n.,地形；风景；风景画；乡村风景画,altitude,n.,海拔高度；天地平纬度；,数顶垂线,upland,adj.,高地的，住在高地的,component,n.,成分；零件；数要素；组分,cordillera,n.,山脉，山系,cascade,n.,倾泻；小瀑布，瀑布状物,territory,n,.,领土，版图；领域，范围；,商势力范围,chain,n.,链子，链条；连锁，连续,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,consist of,v.,由,组成,be composed of,v.,由,组成,the,Appalachain,Range,n.,阿巴拉契亚山脉,Maine,n.,缅因州（美国东北角的州）,Alabama,n.,亚拉巴马（美国州名）,Piedmont Plateau,n.,皮德蒙特高原（美国阿巴,拉契亚与大西洋沿岸平坦,的高原地带）,the Colorado Plateau,n.,科罗拉多高原the Columbia Plateau,n.,哥伦比亚高原,the Rocky Mountain,n.,落基山脉,the Cascade Range,n.,卡斯卡特山脉,Reading Materials,Reading Materials,Read the passage carefully.Complete the following form according to the altitude,which goes from high to low.,Mountains,Reading Materials,Mountains,Mt./peak,Altitude(m),LocationMt.Whitney,Mt.Elbert,the Rocky Mountains,Sierra Nevada Mountains,the Cascade Mountains,the Appalachian Mountains,the Coast Mountains,or the Coast Range,4418,4300,More than 3000,Over 3000,Over 3000,an average height of 800,No more than 1000,Its the peak of the Sierra Nevada range.,Its the peak of the Rocky Mountains.,The Rocky Mountains are in the north of the Coast Mountains.Its the highest of all in the country.,to the south of the Cascade,Extending from north California,through Oregon and Washington to Canada,They extend from the Gulf of St.Lawrence in Canada to the state of Alabama.,Along the coast of the Pacific Ocean,New Words,heritage,n.,遗产；继承物；传统；文化遗产,parallel,adj,.,平行的；相同的，类似的,worn,(,wear,的过去分词,),v.,磨损；耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过,adj.,用旧的，穿坏的,expanse,n.,宽阔的区域,crust,n.,地壳；面包皮；外壳；硬外皮；,地壳,volcano,n.,火山,contiguous,adj.,接触的，邻近的，共同的,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,as for,adv.,至于，关于,Gulf of St.Lawrence,n.,圣劳伦斯湾,Alabama,n.,亚拉巴马（美国州名）,Mt.Elbert,n.,地名美国埃尔伯特山,Arctic,n.,北极圈，北极地带,Sierra Nevada Mountains,n.,内华达山,Mt.Whitney,n.,惠特尼山美国加利福尼亚州东部,Reading Materials,Rivers and Lakes,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.What are the most important lakes in?,2.What does the Great Lakes consist of?,3.Are there any other lakes in the country except the Great Lakes?Give at least two examples.,The Great Lakes.,They are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron,Lake Erie,and Lake Ontario.,Yes.Such as Lake of Woods,Iliamna Lake,Lake Okeechobee,etc.,Reading Materials,4.,Are all the lakes in freshwater?,5.What is the most important and longest river in?,6.,Do you know the four longest rivers in the world,?What are they?,No.Some are freshwater,and some are salt.,It is the Mississippi.,They are:the Nile,in the Africa;the Amazon,in the South America;the,the,Yangtse,River,in China;and the Mississippi,in United States.,Reading Materials,Fill in the form after reading the passage again.,the River,Length(km),the Simple Statement,the Mississippi,the Missouri River,the Rio Grande,the Yukon and the Colorado,the Arkansas,the Red,the Snake,and the Columbia.,3779,3,725,Longer than 1,600,It is the most important river in the country.It flows about 6,400 km from its northwestern source in the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico.,It is the second longest river in the country,it is the main tributary of the Mississippi.,These rivers are longer than 1000 miles.,New Words,inland,adj,.,内地的，内陆的；国内的,portion,n.,一部分；一份遗产；嫁妆,v.,把,分成份额；把,分给（,to,）,delta,n.,（河流的）三角洲；数变量增量,tributary,n.,支流；附庸国；进贡者,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,other than,adv.,除了；绝不是；不同，不同于,Utah,n.,犹他州,Minnesota,n.,明尼苏达州（美国州名）,Iliamna,n.,地名美国伊利亚姆纳,Okeechobee,n.,地名美国奥基乔比,Champlain,n.,地名加拿大、美国尚普兰,Missouri River,n.,密苏里河,Rio Grande,n.,格兰德河,Yukon,n.,地名美国育空,Reading Materials,Climate,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.Why are there a wide variety of climate types in?,2.What climate types are mentioned in the passage?,3.Are there any extreme weather in the country?What are they?Or where do they occur?,includes a wide variety of climate types due to its large size,range of geographic features,and non-contiguous arrangement.,The climate types mentioned in the passage are:humid continental,humid subtropical,tropical,semi-arid,alpine,arid,desert,Mediterranean,oceanic,and polar climate,etc.,Yes.They are hurricanes and tornadoes.(The states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes,and tornadoes regularly occur in the area of the Midwest referred to as Tornado Alley.),New Words,contiguous,adj.,接触的，邻近的，共同的,meridian,n.,子午圈；子午线；顶点权力，成就）全,盛时期,humid,adj.,潮湿的；湿气重的；湿润的,subtropical,adj.,亚热带的；亚热带特点的,arid,adj.,干燥的；贫瘠的，荒芜的，不毛的；枯燥无,味的,alpine,adj.,阿尔卑斯山的；阿尔卑斯山区居的；高山的,subarctic,adj.,亚北极区的,archipelago,n.,群岛，列岛；多岛屿的海,prone,adj.,易于,的；有,倾向的；倾斜的，坡陡,的,hurricane,n.,飓风；飓风般猛烈的东西；（感情等的）爆,发,tornado,n.,大气龙卷风；大雷雨；巨大破坏性的人（或事物）,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,be prone to,v.,易于,refer to as,v.,称为,Mediterranean,n.,（似）地中海的；（似）地中海沿岸,地区的,Reading Materials,Natural Resources,Reading Materials,Complete the following sentences according to the above paragraphs.,1.is a land rich in natural resources.Some of these resources,such as water,_,_,oil,_,and gold,are especially plentiful in the country.,2.For many years,iron ore came primarily from the _ region of Minnesota and Michigan,but the mines were severely _ during the two World Wars.,iron ore,coal,silver,great lake,depleted,Reading Materials,3.The richer ores are _ though large amounts of _ materials remain and form the basis of a _ industry.,4._ is another major natural resource found in large quantities in the U.S.which can last for _.Most of coal reserves are to be found in the Appalachians,_,and the _.,5.America,very rich in _,was once the largest oil producing country in the world.Oil wells in produce more than _ barrels of petroleum a year.,6.Other basic metals and minerals mined on a large scale in America include _,_,_,and _.,exhausted,low-grade,thriving,Coal,hundreds of years,the Central Plain,Rockies,oil,3,200 million,zinc,copper,silver,phosphate rock,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.How does the America make good use of its water resources?,2.What is the water problem in the U.S.?,3.How is the soil condition in the continent of the U.S.?,4.Are there vast farmlands in?,America enjoys abundant water resources.The rivers and streams furnish 63%of the water supply for cities,towns and farmlands,93%of the water used by industry,and almost all of the water used to create electric power.,It is the shortage of fresh water.,The soil in the continent of the U.S.is fertile soil.(America has plenty of fertile soil.),Yes.Farmlands in make up about 12%of the arable lands in the world,and they are among the richest and most productive.,New Words,iron ore,n.,铁矿石,deposit,n.,存款；定金；堆积物；矿床,primarily,adv.,首先；首要地，主要地；根本上；本来,deplete,v.,耗尽，用尽；使枯竭；减少，损耗,thrive,v.,兴盛，兴隆；长得健壮；茁壮成长,reserve,n.,保存，储备；商准备金，公积金；,储藏量,barrel,n,桶；一桶之量,petroleum,n,.,石油,domestic,adj,.,家庭的，家的；国内的,offshore,adj,.,离开海岸的；近海的；海外的，国外的,onshore,adj,.,海岸的；在岸上的；在近岸处的；朝着,岸的,consumption,n,.,消费；肺病；耗尽；医消耗性疾病,insufficient,adj,.,不足的，不够的,Reading Materials,New Words,publicize,v,.,宣传；公布；广告,embargo,n,.,封港令；禁运；禁止（通商）,scale,n,.,规模；比例（尺）；鱼鳞；级别,zinc,n,.,化锌,furnishv.,提供，供应；陈设，布置；装修（房屋）,fertile,adj,.,肥沃的；可繁殖的；丰富的；物能,产生裂变物质的,arable,adj,.,适于耕种的,n.,耕地,phosphate,n,.,磷酸盐；（含有少量磷酸的）汽水,acreage,n.,英亩数；（总称）（以英亩计的）土地,面积,substantial,adj,.,充实的；实质的，真正的；有实力的；有财产的,surplus,n.,剩余额；公积金；顺差；盈余,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,as a whole,adv,.,整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说,phosphate rock,n.,磷钙土，磷盐岩,plenty of,adj.,很多，大量的,make up,v.,组成；补足；弥补；编造,Reading Materials,Niagara Falls,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.How do you know how long ago was the fading-out of the Ice Age?,2.How old is probably Niagara Falls by estimate?,We can get the answers from Niagara,the great clock:First the Niagara River must have started running at the fading-out of the Ice Age;Second,we know where the falls started,and how far they have travelled:those seven miles;And third,we know about how fast the falls have been moving.,It is probably 10,000 years old according to the estimate of a group of scholars at Yale.(A group of scholars at Yale estimated that Niagara Falls is probably 10,000 years old.),Reading Materials,3.Are modern man and Niagara Falls about the same age?,4.,Are there any relationship between human beings development and the formation of the Niagara River and the falls?,5.,Is the falls shape moving or stationary?,6.Whats the value of the falls today?,Yes.(The detail is in the third paragraph.),It is moving all the time,and the falls are still moving today.The falls have moved at least 500 feet upstream since the 17th century,about 5 feet per year.And the movement is in steps.,(1)A lot of water that used to plunge down now goes through the electric power stations;(2)The Niagara Falls is ornamental value.,Yes.According to the estimate of a group of scholars at Yale.,Reading Materials,Complete the following passage with the words or expressions below,change the forms when necessary.,fade out excavate setup shallow out underneath,chunk wear off tend to dent whirlpool,Reading Materials,Every few years a big _ lets go.It is a natural law.All waterfalls _ migrate upstream.Most of them in moving back also tend to _.As the rock at the brink _,the falls becomes less steep.Century by century it _,becoming a string of rapids,then a mere stretch of fast water.Thats why waterfalls are few,they tend to destroy themselves.But Niagara has a special _ that keeps it going._ the river is a layer of hard rock about eight feet thick.Below that are layers of softer rock.The water runs over the hard rock without making much of a _.When it reaches the brink it plunges straight down,creating a terrific _ at the foot of the cliff.This whirling action _ the softer rock backward,and in time a piece of the top ledge,no longer supported by underneath rocks,breaks off.Then that portion of the falls moves a step upstream.,chunk,tend to,fade out,wears off,shallows out,setup,Underneath,dent,whirlpool,excavates,New Words,inhabit,v.,居住；在,出现；填满,fading-out,n.,淡出；渐隐；逐渐消失,estimate,v.,估计，估算；评价，评论,lapse,n.,流逝；小错，疏忽；行为失检，失足,tame,v.,驯服；抑制whirlpool,n.,漩涡，涡流；混乱，纷乱,gorge,n.,山峡，峡谷；咽喉；暴食；障碍物,chunk,n.,厚厚的一块；（某物）相当大的数量或,部分；强壮、结实的,brink,n.,（悬崖峭壁的）边沿；（危险的）边,沿；边缘；初始状态,thereby,adv.,由此，从而；在那附近,upriver,adv,.,在上游，向上游，从上游,migrate,v.,迁移，移往；移动；随季节而移居,Reading Materials,New Words,steep,adj.,陡峭的，险峻的；过分的，夸张的；极,高的；急剧升降的,string,n.,绳子，带子,rapid,n.,急流,underneath,adv.,在下面，在底下；在下层,layer,n.,层，层次；膜,dent,n.,凹痕，凹部；齿,plunge,v.,跳入；全心投入；突降，俯冲,cliff,n.,悬崖，峭壁,excavate,v.,挖掘；开凿；挖出；发掘,ledge,n.,壁架；暗礁；矿脉,track,n.,痕迹，踪迹；轨道,gigantic,adj,.,巨大的，庞大的；巨人似的,canyon,n.,峡谷,Reading Materials,Phrases and Expressions,stand up,v.,起立；站得住脚；经久耐用；经得,住；失约,fade out,v.,淡出，渐隐,wear off,v.,磨损；逐渐消失,shallow out,v.,浅出,in time,adv.,及时,bit into,v.,腐蚀,in this case,prep.,在这种情况下,Niagara Glen,n.,尼亚加拉峡谷,Reading Materials,Washington D.C.,Reading Materials,Answer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.,1.When did the city of Washington become the capital of the U.S.?,2.Explain“