最常用的英语词缀.pptx

英语中最常用词缀,Affixes Most Frequently Used in English,An affix,（词缀）,is a letter or group of letters,for example,un-,or,-y,which is added to either the beginning or the end of a word in order to form a different word.,An affix includes prefix(added to the beginning of the word,前缀）,and suffix,（,added to the end of the word,后缀,).,When a prefix is added to a word,the word often has a new meaning.For example,un,happy,dis,honest,in,credible.,When a suffix is attached to a word,the word often has a new part of speech,（词性）,.For example,friendly,quickly.,前缀,mono-(,在元音前为,mon-)uni-(,在元音前为,un-):one,single,一，单,arch,统治者,monarch n.,君主,monarchy n.,君主制,gam,婚姻,monogamy n.,一夫一妻制,logue,说话,monologue n.,独白,ton,声音,monotonous a.,单调的,-life/rhythmgraph,写,monograph n.,专著,oxide,氧化物,monoxide n.,一氧化物,carbon-poly,卖,monopoly n.,垄断,monopolize v.,垄断,-the market,一、表示数量的前缀,(prefixes indicating figures),uni-,China Unicom/Mobile/Telecom,unify v.,使统一,unify a country,unification n.,统一,unique a.,独一无二的，独特的,(a unique stamp),unity n.,一体,family unity,家庭和睦,form,形式,uniform a.,一致的；,n.,制服,bricks of uniform size,大小一样的砖,police uniform,警服,school uniform,校服,lateral,边,unilateral,单边的,a unilateral decision,单方面的决定,2.bi-,di-,ambi-,：,two,cycle,圈，环,bicycle,bicyclist,go cycling,cyclist,lateral,边,bilateral agreement/treaty,monthly a.,一月一次的，,n.,月刊,bimonthly a.,两月一次的，,n.,双月刊,lingual,语言,bilingual education,双语教育,enn,年,biennial conference,两年一次的会议,ann,年,biannual,一年两次的,a biannual event,gam,婚姻,bigamist,重婚者,di-,oxide,氧化物,dioxide n.,二氧化物,carbon dioxide,二氧化碳,lemma,见解，主张,dilemma n.,进退两难的窘境,He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.,ambi-,val,价值,ambivalent a.,心情矛盾的（既爱又恨的）,ambivalence n.,心情矛盾,She remained ambivalent about her marriage.,gu,引导,ambiguous a.,模棱两可的,an ambiguous answer,ambiguity n.,模棱两可,3.tri-:three,angle,角,triangle,三角形,a girl in love triangle with Tom and Jack triangular,三角形的,cycle,圈，环,tricycle,三轮车,triple a.,三倍的,triple jump,三级跳,v.,增加三倍,The company tripled its profits last year.,lateral,边,trilateral,三边的,4.quadri-(,元音前为,quadr-):four,quadrangle,四角形,quadrennial,四年一次的,the quadrennial Olympic Games,quarterly,5.deca-:ten deci-:one-tenth,decade,十年,three decades,The past three decades have witnessed a huge change in Chinese society.,decimeter n.,分米,decibel n.,分贝,6.centi-(,元音前为,cent-),：,one hundred(th),grade,级，度,centigrade,百度制，摄氏,pede,足,centipede,蜈蚣,centimeter,厘米,century percent,centennial,百年的,The centennial Olympics was held in Atlanta.,7.kilo-,milli-(,元音前为,mill-):one thousand(th),meter,米,kilometer,千米，公里,km,gram,克,kilogram,公斤,kg,watt,瓦特,kilowatt,千瓦,volt,伏特,kilovolt,千伏,calorie,卡路里,kilocalorie,千卡,milligram,毫克,millimeter,毫米,millennial,千年的,millennium,千年,Many people refer to the year 2000 as the Millennium.,8.mega-(,元音前为,meg-),兆,hertz,赫兹,megahertz,兆赫,bit,比特，字节,megabit,兆比特,128 mb,二、表示空间方位的前缀,(prefixes indicating spatial position),1.,上,over-,super-,sur-,over-,在,上,overall a.,总体的，全面的,-improvement in the management,overcome v.,克服,-the difficulties,overflow v.,溢满,The river overflew its bank.,overhead a./ad.an,light,A plane flew overhead.,overlap v.,重叠,overlapping investment,overlook v.,忽视,Such mistake is often overlooked.,俯视,overlook the whole city,overpass n.,天桥,a pedestrian overpass,人行天桥,注：,over-,还有,excessive,（,“,过度的,”,）意思,overwork v.,劳累过度,The farmer workers are overworked but underpaid.,oversleep v.,睡过头,He was late for work because of oversleeping.,overemphasize v.,过分强调,The importance of learning English can never be overemphasized.,overestimate v.,高估,underestimate v.,低估,super-,在,上，超过,structure,结构,superstructure,上层建筑,vise,看,supervise,监督,superficial a.,肤浅的,I have only a-knowledge of law.,superior n./a.,上级（的）,my immediate-,我的顶头上司,He works well with those-to him in the company.,superiority n.,优越性,complex,优越感,inferiority complex,自卑感,superman n.,超人,supermarket n.,superstar n.,sonic,音的,supersonic a.,超音速的,a-plane,supernatural a.,超自然的,forces/powers/events,sur-,在,上，超,face,面,surface,表面,the,of the earth,name,名,surname,姓,(=family name,last name),pass,过,surpass,超过,one,s expectations,plus,加,surplus a.,剩余的,value,剩余价值,n.,顺差,trade,贸易顺差,2.,下,sub-,under-,sub-,：,under,subway n.,地铁,(,英国人用,underground),marine,海洋的,submarine n.,潜艇,conscious,有意的,subconscious n./a.,潜意识,(,的,),standard,标准的,substandard a.低于标准的,(nonstandard a.,不标准的）,scribe,写,subscribe,订阅,to a magazine,merge,融合,submerge v.,淹没,be submerged by the flood,submit vi.,屈服,submit to sb.,vt.,提交,submit a report to sb.,subordinate a.,下级的；从属的,substitute n.,代替者,a for sb./sth.,v.,代替,He substituted for the injured player.,subtract v.,减去,Subtract 3 from 9 and you have 6.,（加,add;,乘,multiply,；除,divide),suburb n.,郊区,in the of the city,(,同义词,outskirts,，但是搭配的介词不同,on the outskirts of the city),under-,在下；不足,underline vt.,在,下面划线,the underlined words,underdeveloped,不发达的,countries,不发达国家,欠发达国家,less developed countries,undergraduate n.,本科生,undergo vt.,经历，遭受,a major operation,underlying a.,潜在的,an meaning,内在的含义,undermine vt.,暗中破坏,she tried to our friendship.,undertake vt.,承担,the impossible mission,underwear n.,内衣，衬衣,underneath prep.,在,下面,put your name the address.,3.,前,fore-,pre-,pro-,cast,投,forecast n./v.,预测，预报,weather,the future,tell,告诉,foretell v.,预言,foretell the future,see,看见,foresee v.,预见，先见,foresight n.,先见,foremost a.,首要的,first and,首要的是,Karajan was the conductor of his day.,foreword n.,序言,forerunner n.,先驱,forearm n.,前臂,forehead n.,额头,bode,兆头,forebode v.,预兆，预示（灾祸）,The black clouds forebode a storm.,乌云预示着风暴要来临。,fer,运,prefer vt.,更喜欢,I prefer walking to cycling.,He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.,preferable a.,更合意的,be to sth.,比,更合适，比,更好,Health without riches is,to,rich without health.,preference n.,偏爱,He has a,for,vegetables and meat.,jud,判断,prejudice n.,偏见,have a prejudice/bias/discrimination against sb./sth.,对,持有偏见,preliminary a.,初步的,预备的,a examination,初试；预考,mature,成熟的,premature a.,比正常时间早的,a baby,早产儿,premier,总理,Chinese/French,，,German chancellor,British/Japanese Prime Minister,scribe,写,prescribe vt.,开处方,prescription n.,处方,The doctor prescribed a new medicine for my flu.,Please take this prescription to the drugstore/pharmacy/chemist,s.,pre-,preschool a.,学龄前的,education,初等教育,primary education,中等教育,secondary education,高等教育,higher education,historic,历史的,prehistoric a.,史前的,a animal,caution,小心,precaution n.,预防措施,take precautions against sth.,cede,去,precede v.,在,之前,A short lecture will the movie.,电影开演前有一个小讲座。,precedent n.,先例（可数名词）,set/create a for,为,创先例,n.,惯例,(,不可数名词）,break with,打破惯例,preceding a.,在前的,in the class/chapter,dict,说,predict,预言,the future prediction n.,预言,predictor n.,预言者,preface,序言,(=foreword)the to this book,side,边,preside vi.,主持,at/over the conference,主持会议,(president),sume,拿来,presume vt.,推测，假定,Let,s that he has told the truth.,presumption n.,推测，假定,text,文本,pretext,托词，借口,find a for v-ing,vail,强大,prevail vi.,流行，盛行,This custom prevails,over,the whole area.,prevalent a.,流行的，普遍的,This disease is more among young people.,view,看,preview v.,预习，预演,the text,review,复习,review the text,pro-,gress,步伐,progress,进步,make progress (progress,为不可数名词，不可以说,make a progress,，但是可以说,make a rapid progress),progressive a.,进步的，先进的,a man of views,一个有进步观点的人,ject,扔,project vt.,投射，放映,The tree projected a shadow on the grass.,树在草地上投下影子。,projector n.,投影仪,an overhead projector,long,长,prolong,向前拉长，延长,our life,mote,动,promote vt.,促进；晋升,friendships among countries,promotion n.,促进；晋升,sales promotion,pel,推,propel vt.,推进；驱使,propel the rocket into space,spect,看,prospect n.,前景,Wish you a bright/future.,prospective a.,预期的，未来的,student/buyer/customer/client,pose,放,propose v.,提议；打算,v-ing,建议做,propose to v.,proposal n.,提议,turn down(reject/refuse)one,s,prophet n.,先知；预言者,4.,后,post-,re-,retro-,post-,pone,放,postpone vt.,推迟,v-ing(=put off v-ing),postpone studying abroad,script,写,postscript n.,附言,(,缩写,p.s.,，书信或,email,署名后的附言）,postwar a.,战后的,the period,postgraduate,研究生,postdoctoral,博士后的,research Ph.D candidate,Bachelor,s degree Master,s degree Ph.D.,re-,gress,步伐,regress n./v.,退步,Such countries are not developing at all,but regressing.,act,作用,react vi.,作出反应,The manager reacted positively to the proposal.,reaction n.,反应,a chain,连锁反应，,the chemical,recall vt.,回忆；召回,I don,t recall seeing him.,Volkswagen recalled its cars made last year.,cede,去,recede vi.,退去,The flood receded gradually.,redeem vt.,赎回,his ring from the pawnbroker,（当铺）,reflect v.,反映；反省,reflection n.,The old man reflected on what he had done in his life time.,refresh v.,（使）恢复活力,She looked refreshed after a good night,s sleep.,refreshments n.,（复数）茶点，点心,offer guests some,refund n./v.,退款,demand a,要求退款,They refunded our money.refundable a.,可退款的,repay vt.,偿还；报答,his debt our parents,5.,内,in-(,变体,im-),intro-,en-(,变体,em-),in-play badminton/tennis/table tennis/bowling,indoor a.,室内的,sports outdoor sports,inland a.,内陆的,内地的,the inland population,ject,扔,inject vt.,注射,The nurse injected penicillin into his arm.,injection n.,注射,I was scared of when I was young.,corporate,团体,incorporate v.,合并；成立公司,Intel Inc.(Inc.=incorporated,股份有限的）,Your idea will be incorporated in the plan.,This company is about to,with its parent company.,incorporation n.,公司,duce,引导,induce vt.,引诱inducement n.,引诱物,The salesman induced me to buy a new car.,fect,做,infect vt.,感染,infection n.,感染,infectious,有传染性的,The child has been infected with flu.,an infectious disease,fer,运,infer vt.,推论,From what did you that he was the murderer?,It can be inferred that,.Inference n.,推论,flat,吹,inflate vt.,使充气；使通货膨胀,the tyre/balloon,inflation,通货膨胀,How to control the remains the top priority for the government.,deflate the tyre/balloon deflation,通货紧缩,flu,流,influence have/exert a great influence on/over,influential a.,有影响力的,an newspaper,form,形成,inform vt.,通知,inform sb.of sth.(notify sb.of sth.),We were soon informed of what had happened.,hale,呼吸,inhale v.,吸入,exhale v.,呼出,inhale and exhale air/smoke,here,粘,(adhere to the principle;coherent)inherent),a.,内在的，固有的,(,同义词：,innate,inborn,intrinsic),There are dangers in almost every sport.,input n/v.,输入，投入,input the data into the computer,output n/v.,输出，产出,sert,放,insert vt.,插入，嵌入,insert the disk into the optical driver,insight n.,洞察力,spire,呼吸,inspire vt.,鼓舞,;,给,灵感,inspire me to work harder,inspiration n.,鼓舞；灵感,install vt.,安装,install and uninstall the software,installation n.,安装,intrude vi.,侵入,intrusion n.,invade vi.,侵入,invasion n.,im-,migrate,迁徙,immigrate,移民（移入某国）,immigrate from China,immigration immigrant,emigrate,emigration,emigrant,port,港口,import n./v.,进口,Anhui Technology Impt.&Expt.Co.,Ltd.,pose,放,impose vt.,强加；征税,sth.on sb.,his opinions on others,；,heavy duties on imported cars,press,压,impress vt.,留印象,Her speech deeply impressed me.,impression n.,印象,leave a deep impression on me,impressive a.,给人印象深刻的,an speech,pulse,脉,impulse n.,冲动,buy the watch,on,prison,监狱,imprison vt.,监禁,be imprisoned for seven years,imprisonment n.,监禁,be sentenced to seven years,poverty,贫困,impoverish vt.,使贫困,an impoverished family,intro-,duce,引导,introductory remarks,开场白，绪言,vert,转,introvert n.,内向的人,extrovert n.,性格外向的人,en(,在,b,p,m,前为,em-),cage,笼子,encage v.,使关进笼子,the tiger,close,关,enclose vt.,围住,an enclosed garden/campus,grave,重,engrave vt.,雕刻；使铭记,the champion,s name on the trophy,The experience was engraved into his memory.,roll,名单,enroll vi.,加入,in the army,vt.招收,enroll new students enrollment n.,vis,看,envisage vt.,想象（,=envision,imagine,picture),envisage a world at peace,I had never envisaged working as a college teacher.,bar,棒，条,embargo n./vt.,禁运,place/put an on,对,实施禁运,lift/raise an on,解除,禁运,bed,床,embed vt.,嵌入,;,使深留脑海,This idea is embedded in our mind.,This idea is deeply rooted in our mind.,body,身体,embody vt.,体现,His paintings embodied the spirit of the age.,6.,外,e-,ex-,extra-,out-,e-,value,价值,evaluate,评价,评估,his performance n.evaluation,ject,扔,eject vt.,喷出，弹出,lava ejected from a volcano,vade,走,evade v.,逃避；回避,responsibility,migrate,迁移,emigrate v.,移居（到另外一个国家）,volve,卷,evolve v.,演变；进化,evolve from the apes,（猿）,evolution n.,ex-,clude,关闭,exclude vt.,排除；不包括,the possibility of,The price excludes drinks.,The hotel charges 6 pounds per day,excluding(=exclusive of)meals.,tract,拉,extract v.,拔出；摘录,n.,摘录,a wisdom teeth,（智齿）,pel,推,expel vt.,驱逐；开除,the invaders the student for cheating,pose,放,expose vt.,使暴露,the film,to,light n.exposure(to sth.),ceed,去,exceed vt.,超过,exceeding a.,极其的,a girl of beauty,exceedingly ad.,极其地,an hard problem extremely,claim,声称,exclaim v.,呼喊；惊叫,He exclaimed that it was untrue.,extra-,curriculum,课程,extracurricular a.,课外的,activities,课外活动,marital,婚姻的,extramarital,婚外的,an affair,婚外情,ordinary,普通的,extraordinary a.,非凡的,(=remarkable)achievement,vaga,流浪,extravagant a.,奢侈的,live an life n.extravagance,terrestrial,地球的,extraterrestrial a.,地球外的,n.,外星人,an E.T.,out-,grow,生长,outgrow vt.(=grow too large for),长大而穿不下,The child outgrew all his clothes.,last,持续,outlast vt.,（,=last longer than),比,耐久,/,命长,Listen to his music-it will outlast us all.,law,法律,outlaw n.,亡命之徒；歹徒,line,线,outline n.,提纲；轮廓,put,放,output n/v.,输出，产出,the annual,7.,中间,inter-,mid-,inter-,act,作用,interact,vi.,相互作用；互动,The speaker interacted with the audience.,n.interaction a.interactive,face,脸,interface n.,接口；界面,user-friendly interface,fer,运,interfere vi.,干涉；干扰,interfere,in,the internal affair(one,s private affair),interfere,with,his work/plan,city,城市,intercity a.,城际的,an train,continental,洲的,intercontinental a.,洲际的,an airline,personal,人的,interpersonal a.,人际的,relationships/skills,view,看,interview n./v.,面试,;,采访,a job/visa interview,mid-,在正午,/,午夜,at midday/midnight burn the midnight oil,仲夏夜,a midsummer night,中指,the mid finger,在四月中旬,in mid April,中秋节,the Mid-Autumn Festival,midwife n.,助产士,8.,周围,circum-,stance,站,circumstance n.,环境,;,条件,Under no circumstance,s,must you leave the house.,By no means,.,In no case,In no way,On no time,.,On no account,三、表达反义的前缀（,negative prefixes),a-(an-),dis-,in-(ig-,il-,im-,ir-),un-,non-,a-(,在元音或辅音,h,前变为,an-),the Amazon,亚马逊河,symmetry n.,对称,asymmetry n.,不对称,onym-,名,anonymous a.,匿名的,an letter/phone call (n.anonymity),arch-,统治,anarchy n.,无政府状态,anarchism,无政府主义,anarchist,无政府主义者,dis-,disorder n.,无秩序,in a state of disorder,处于混乱状态,dislike n./v.,不喜欢,my likes and dislikes,dishonesty n.,不诚实,organized a.,有条理的,disorganized a.,混乱的,in-,credible a.,可信的,incredible a.,难以置信的（,unbelievable),definite a.,确切的,(a reply)indefinite a.,不确切的,indirect a.,间接的an effect/route,dispensable a.,不必要的,indispensable a.,必不可少的,His help and advice are for doing the job well.,evitable,可避免的,(=avoidable)inevitable a.,不可避免的,It is that they,ll lose the game.,finite a.,有限的,infinite a.,无限的,an infinite number of,.,sane a.,神智健全的,insane a.,精神失常的,(=mad/wild/crazy),valid a.,（法律）有效的,invalid a.,无效的,an contract,variable a.,可变的,invariable a.,不变的,invariably ad.,（,=always_,She invariably arrives late.,capable a.,有能力的,incapable a.,没有能力的,be of v-ing,sensitive a.,敏感的,insensitive a.,不敏感的,be to sth.(light/criticism),in-,在,l,前变成,il-,legal a.,合法的（,=lawful)illegal a.,非法的,(=unlawful),logical a.,合乎逻辑的,illogical a.,不合逻辑的,in-,在,m,p,b,前变成,im-,moral n./a.,道德,(,的,)immoral a.,不道德的,act/behavior,mortal n.,凡人,a.,必死的,disease,绝症,mortality rate,死亡率,immortal n.,神仙,a.,不死的,impatient/impossible,imbalance n.,不平衡,rational a.,合乎理性的,irrational a.,不合理性的,an behavior,resistible a.,可抵挡的,irresistible a.,