《动词不定式》(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Infinitive,动词不定式,1,知识梳理,形式,主动式,被动式,与谓语动作的关系,一般式,to do,to be done,动作发生在谓语动作之后,进行式,to be doing,/,与谓语动作同时发生,完成式,to have done,to have been done,动作发生在谓语动作之前,2,Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions.,He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.,It is of great help for us to learn English well.,I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.,She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.,The car to be bought is for his sisters.,The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it.,(宾语）,(主语）,(宾补）,(状语）,(定语）,(表语）,不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词和副词的作用。,归纳,不定式,3,不定式在句中的作用,It is necessary,to tell him the truth,.,To tell him the truth,is necessary.,主语,练习,1.再次见到你真高兴。,Its nice/good/a great pleasure to see you again.,2.他们那样做是不明智的。,It is unwise_.,It is+n/adj.(for/of sb.)to do,To give up smoking,is right.,It is right,to give up smoking.,不定式的用法,of them to do like that,4,不定式在句中的作用,2.I need,to attend,the meeting.,宾语,练习,他们决定周末去野餐。,They have _at the weekend.,She wants,to see,the new movie.,decide,/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help/afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten,他拒绝借给我自行车。,They _,me his bike.,不定式的用法,decided to have a picnic,refused to lend,V+to do (5+3P60),决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.,学会答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮,.,5,不定式在句中的作用,3.Have you got any questions,to ask,?,I have no chair,to sit on,.,练习,没什么可担心的。,There is nothing,to worry about.,定语,Betty,是第一个知道真相的人.,Betty was the first,to know the truth.,不定式的用法,修饰抽象名词如：ability,answer,reply,chance,excuse,idea,moment,reason,time,promise,attempt,way 等+to do,(5+3P61),我没机会外出观光。,I have no chance,to go sightseeing.,6,不定式在句中的作用,4.The best way to learn English,is,to make friends with,a native,speaker.,表语,练习,我的目标是考入北大。,她的梦想是当一名设计师。,My goal is_.,Her dream is _.,不定式的用法,to be admitted to Beijing University,to become a designer,7,不定式在句中的作用,5.I didnt expect Mary,to invite me,to her birthday party.,宾补,练习,你可以让你姐姐帮你一下。,You can ask your sister,to help you,.,我总是劝他戒烟。,I always advise him,to give up smoking,.,advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,order,persuade,permit,prefer,tell,want,warn,wish,would like,sb.to do,(5+3P62),不定式的用法,8,注意,有些动词后面的不定式,不带,to,，如,feel（一感）,hear,listen to（二听）,make,have,let（三让）,see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,I,heard,them,sing,a pop song.,The teacher,made,me,answer,the question.,We,watched,them,play,football.,不定式的用法,9,-Can I have the document right now?,-Of course.Wait a minute and Ill have my secretary _ it for you.,A.to print B.printing,C.printed D.print,2.We tried hard,and eventually,we were able to get Mike _ us his car for just a day.,A.lending B.lend,C.to lend D.lent,Practice,10,不定式在句中的作用,练习,我匆忙赶到汽车站，只是发现汽车刚刚离开。,Hes gone to the office to ask questions.,I hurried to the bus stop,only to find the bus had just left.,6.She listens to the news every day so as,to find out,what s going on.,7.I was disappointed,to hear the news,.,状语,他去办公室问问题去了。,不定式的用法,11,动词不定式的时态,1.I opened the door,to enter,the room.,2.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting,to be held,tomorrow.,.,一般式,(to do),.,所表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词同时或之后发生。,不定式的用法,12,.进行式(to be doing),1.I am very glad,to be working,with you.,2.He is said,to be studying abroad,.,不定式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时进行。,动词不定式的时态,不定式的用法,13,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1.I am sorry,to have kept,you waiting so long.,2.You seemed,to have read,the novel,written,by Mr.Smith.,不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。,不定式的用法,14,动词不定式的语态,Nearly half a million people are believed _ their homes as a result of the disaster.,To leave B.to be left,C.To be leaving D.to have left,2.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots.(2003,上海,),to have issued B.being issued,C.to issue D.to be issued,不定式的使用,15,动词不定式的语态,.主动式(,to do,/,to be doing,/,to have done,),We want,to learn,English well.,He is the first student,to have got,the prize.,We didnt expect you,to be waiting,for us here.,She wished,to have been reading,as much as the others.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者或发出者时.,不定式的使用,16,(二)被动式to be done/to have been done,1.He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）,being badly treated B.treating badly,C.,to be treated badly,D.to have been badly treated.,2.The transportation will improve a lot in this city,with two new roads _ in the near future.,A.to construct B.being constructed,C.to be constructed D.constructing,不定式的用法,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的,动作的承受者时.,17,不定式的其他用法,1,.和疑问词连用,It is useful to know,how,to drive.,To know,how,to drive,is useful.,你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？,Have you decided,what,to wear,to the interview?,没人告诉我在哪买票。,Nobody told me,where,to buy,the ticket.,decide,discuss,explain,find out,learn,show,teach,tell,wonder,whether/what/who/how/where/when,to do,其他用法,18,2,.和否定词连用,不定式的其他用法,We turned down the music in order,not,to,disturb,the neighbors.,not,to do,1.妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。,Mother told him,not,to spend,too much time on PC games.,2.他假装没看见我。,She pretended,not,to see me,.,其他用法,19,1,.,不定式的完成和进行式,1.给你添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。,Im sorry,to have brought,you so much trouble.,2.我们没想到你已经请了他。,We dont expect you,to have invited,her.,3.据报道他们正在这个地区修建另外一条铁路。,They are reported,to be building,another railway across the region.,4.我们很高兴这一段时间和你一起学习。,We are happy,to have been studying,together with you.,练习巩固,20,不定式的其他用法,2,.,不定式的被动形式,1.我被邀请到这里讲学，深感荣幸。,It is an honour for me,to be askedto give a lecture here.,2.这个问题还有待解决。,The problem remains,to be solved,.,3.每年有很多毕业生要求被派到最需要的地方工作。,A lot of graduates ask,to be sent,to work where they are most needed every year.,4.据报道，又有一所小学已经在汶川建成。,Another primary school is reported,to have been built,for Children in Wenchuan.,练习巩固,21,3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：,tooto (Textbook P 59.Ex.4),enough to (P 59.Ex.5),It is adj.for sb.to,It is adj.of sb.to,Sb./,Sth,.is said/reported to,难点突破,22,4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：,(1)在介词but,except,besides,than,前若有实义动词do时：,What do you like to,do,besides,swim?,He could,do,nothing except/but,wait.,He,did,nothing else,than,laugh.,I could hardly,do,less,than,lie,in bed.,I,did,no more,than,finish,the work.,难点突破,23,(2),表示“只好,不得不”的but 之后,：,(cant/could not but,cant/could not help but,cant choose but),1)Its raining hard.I,cant help but,stay at home.,2)We,could not but face,the reality.,3)I,cant choose but,finish the work.,4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：,难点突破,24,Homework,我没想到玛丽会邀请我参加她的生日晚会。,你能告诉我如何到机场吗？,那个书架太高了，我够不到。,你会参加今天下午的会议吗？,我今天早晨五点起床以便不错过第一趟车。,他不是一个容易相处的人。,你真好帮我复习英语。,对不起让你久等了。,25,Homework,I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.,Can you tell me how to get to the airport?,The bookshelf is too high for me to reach.,Are you going to attend the meeting to be held this afternoon?,I got up at six oclock this morning in order not to miss the first bus.,A person like him is difficult to deal with.,Its very kind of you to help me with my English.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.,26,不定式的常用句型,tooto,P 59-,4,enough to,2.This tea is too hot for me to drink.,3.The bench isnt wide enough for 3 people,to sit on.,4.The fence was too high for us to climb over.,5.The blanket isnt warm enough for me to,use in winter.,6.The cupboard was too heavy for James to,move.,27,It is adj.,for,sb.to,不定式的常用句型,P 59-,5,2.It is necessary for Mary to go to the,doctor.,3.It was disappointing for us to find the,cinema closed.,4.It was interesting for him to read the,book.,28,不定式的常用句型,比较,：It is adj.,of,sb.to,1.Its very kind,of,you to help me.,2.Its polite,of,her to say thank you.,3.Its rude,of,him to get into the office,without knocking the door.,29,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.,A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make,2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,Practice,30,3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,to invent B.inventing,C.to have invented C.having invented,4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.,much too heavy B.too much heavy,C.heavy too much D.too heavy much,31,5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle,in the streetbut his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,6.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,32,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,to be chosen B.to choose from,C.to choose D.for choosing,8,.,_late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the,alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having sleep,33,9,.,With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B.settling,C.to settle D.being settled,10,.,She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.,A,.,to have played B.to play,C.to be played D.to be playing,34,11,.,In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.,to make B.making,C.to have made D.having made,12.,The teacher asked us_so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,35,