学术英语管理Unit-4名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,学术英语 管理,Leadership,第1页,4,Leadership,Leadership is the art and science of getting things done through,people.A great leader helps others see pattern,meaning,and,direction in data and events They see constellations where,others see stars.In this unit,you will read about the key,ingredients of great leadership,a case study of a company with,great leadership,and the introduction to a psychologist whose,theories shifted leadership thinking from workers as machines to,workers as motivated human beings.,第2页,Unit 4Leadership,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Writing,第3页,Unit 4Leadership,Lead-in,Activity,第4页,Unit 4Leadership,Lead-in,Activity,Group discussion,Make a list of great leaders.They may be business,political,military leaders or leaders from any other field you can think of.,Divide into groups of 4-5 and discuss the following questions:,What makes each leader great?Write down their major characteristics.,Read through the major characteristics of each great leader.Do you see any common themes?,第5页,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Background information,Supplementary information,Overview,Language building-up,Specialized vocabulary,Signpost language,Formal English,Peter Drucker and Leadership,Unit 4Leadership,第6页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Video,:,Lead like Great Conductors,Critical reading and thinking,Points,:,Leadership is getting things done through people.,An orchestra conductor faces the ultimate leadership,challenge:creating perfect harmony without saying,a word.,第7页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Tasks,:,Critical reading and thinking,Take notes as you listen,Focus on the following issues:,-,What is each conductor,s attitude towards controlby,conductor)and autonomy,(,of musicians)?,-Which style do you prefer as a musician?Why?,第8页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Critical reading and thinking,Where would you put them?,high,low,low,high,autonomy,control,第9页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,The five conductors are:,Critical reading and thinking,Carlos Kleiber(I),Ricardo Mutti,Richard Strauss,Herbert von Karajan,Carlos Kleiber(II),Lenny Bernstein,第10页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Critical reading and thinking,Where would you put them?,high,low,low,high,autonomy,control,Ricardo Mutti,Herbert von Karajan,Carlos Keiber,Richard Strauss/,Lenny Bernstein,第11页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Followers decide leadership style,Critical reading and thinking,knowledge workers want more autonomy and less control,(leadership),labors,esp.unskilled or semi-skilled workers need less,autonomy and more control,(management),第12页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,How does leadership differ from management?,(Warren Bennis,On Becoming a Leader,),Critical reading and thinking,The manager,The leader,administers;,innovates;,is a copy;,is an original;,maintains;,develops;focuses on systems and structures;,focuses on people,relies on control;,inspires trust,has a short-range view;,has a long-range perspective,asks how and when;,asks what and why,has his eyes always on the bottom line;,has his eyes on the horizon;,imitates;,originates;,accepts the status quo;,challenges the status quo;,第13页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Background information,Critical reading and thinking,The manager,The leader,is the classic good soldier;,is his own self;,does things right;,does the right thing;,plans and budgets;,creates vision and strategy;,is generally directing and controlling;,allows room for others to grow&change,creates boundaries;,reduces boundaries;,bases relationship with people on position power;,bases relationship and influence on personal power;,acts as boss;,acts as facilitator,coach and servant;,personal quality:emotional distance,expert mind,talking,conformity,and insight into organization,personal quality:emotional connectedness,open mind,listening,nonconformity,and insight into self,maintains stability;,creates change;,creates a culture of efficiency.,creates a culture of integrity.,第14页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,Peter F.Drucker(1909):,an influential writer,management consultant,and self-described“social ecologist”.He was born in Austria,worked in Germany(thus his first-hand experience of Hitlers charismatic leadership)and England,and then became a naturalized US citizen in 1943.His writings explored how humans are organized across the business,government and the nonprofit sectors of society.He predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century,including privatization and decentralization;the decisive importance of marketing;and the emergence of the information societyHe coined the term“knowledge worker”.,第15页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,His writings explored how humans are organized across the business,government and the nonprofit sectors of society.He predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century,including privatization and decentralization;the decisive importance of marketing;and the emergence of the information society.He coined the term“knowledge worker”.,第16页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Subheadings:Scan the subheadings in Text A and try to get the main idea of each part.,第17页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Part I:Peter Druckers evolving attitudes toward leadership,Part II:Peter Druckers model of effective leadership,Scan the subtitles in Text A and decide where Part II starts第18页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Part I follows a chronological order.,Find out all references to time in this part,and write down Druckers attitude toward leadership at each period.,第19页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,1947,Seven years later,1973,the 1970s,the late 1980s,Management is leadership.,Leadership is of utmost importance.Indeed,there is no substitute for it.Leadership,cannot be taught or learned.,There is no substitute for leadership.But,management cannot create leaders.,Intellectual struggle with the notion of leadership:,he knew leadership was important,but he was,uncomfortable with charismatic leadership,Xenophons ideas on military leadership should be adapted by executives to modern management practice.,Time Attitude,第20页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Time Attitude,1988,1996,career end,He gave the word leadership prominence.,A complete reversal of attitude.Leadership must be learned,and can be learned.,Abandoned his earlier position.Charismatic leadership as neither good nor bad but rather like the force in,Star Wars,with a dark side that right-minded leaders needed to avoid.,Leadership could be learned,and it should be presented as a topic separate and distinct from management.,第21页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Peter Drucker did not think management differed from leadership until his career end.,第22页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Peter Drucker had doubts about charismatic leadership(魅力型领导）,第23页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,German sociologist Max Weber distinguished back in the 1920s three ideal types of leadership,-charismatic domination (魅力型权威）,-feudal/traditional domination（封建/传统型权威）,-bureaucratic/legal domination（官僚/法理型权威）,第24页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Strength of charismatic leadership,results in relatively strong,unchallenged levels of obedience,useful in a difficult time,e.g.crisis,it can be very effective if the leaders vision is correct,rhetorical ability,energetic,unconventional,examplary,第25页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Limitations of charismatic leadership,gathering weak yes-man around the leader,charismatic leaders are rare,tendency to narcissism,freedom from moral(inner)conflicts:e.g.Hitler,unpredictable,potentially dangerous,第26页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Overview,Text analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Part II,There are five basic aspects in the effective leadership model.Please summarize the main idea of each aspect.,第27页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Strategic planning:,Leaders must be personally involved in developing the strategy.They set up the goals before any action is taken.The means towards achieving the goals could change as situation changes.,第28页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Business ethics&personal integrity:,There is a difference between the two.Both are necessary for effective leadership.,Modeling military leadership:,Battlefields put leadership to extreme tests.A lot is to be learned from great military leaders.,第29页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Business ethics&personal integrity:,There is a difference between the two.Both are necessary for effective leadership.,Modeling military leadership:,Battlefields put leadership to extreme tests.A lot is to be learned from great military leaders.,第30页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,Xenophon(c.430 354 BC):a Greek historian,soldier,and philosopher.While a young man,Xenophon participated in the expedition led by Cyrus the Younger,(,小居鲁士,).Cyrus was killed in the battle.The Greek soldiers found themselves without leadership far from the sea,deep in hostile territory.They elected new leaders,including Xenophon,and fought their way back to Greece.,第31页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,Xenophon wrote,Kyropaidaia,(also spelled as Cyropaedia,居鲁士教育,),a historical romance on the education of the ideal ruler,trained to rule as a benevolent despot over his admiring and willing subjects.,第32页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,Frances Hesselbein,(1915-):CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA for 15 years(1976-1990)before Peter Drucker invited her to serve as President and CEO of the Leader to Leader Institute(previously known as as the Peter F.Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management).She is credited with leading a turnaround for the Girl Scouts.,During her tenure,the Girl Scouts was rescued from the danger of dissolution and attained a membership of 2.25 million girls with a workforce of 780,000,mainly volunteers.In 1998,Hesselbein was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her work with the Girl Scouts of America.,第33页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A,Supplementary information,Critical reading and thinking,The psychological principle of motivation:,Workers,especially knowledge workers,are not to be managed,but to be led,to be motivated to do things.,The marketing model,Leaders must treat workers as partners.The latter cant be ordered around.They must be persuaded.,第34页,Unit 4Leadership,Specialized vocabulary,Text A Language building-up,Search the Internet and find equivalents of the following English words or phrases inChinese business literature.,effective leadership,management practice,strategic planning,mission,vision,goal,objective,function,expense,resource,performance,insight,高效能劳动力,管理实践,战略规划,使命,愿景,（长久）目标,（中短期）目标,职能,费用，支出,资源,绩效,洞察,第35页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A Language building-up,Signpost language,Parenthetical statements,第36页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A Language building-up,Signpost language,Examples from Text A,1.However,despite these clear early statements,Drucker did at times seem to equivocate about leadership.Only a few short sentences after the statement about the importance of leadership,for example,he added,Leadership cannot be taught or learned.,2.Clearly,Drucker was ambivalent about leadership,or at least the idea that it could be taught,and he remained so for much of his career.,3.In his foreword to The Leader of the Future,he wrote,Leadership must be learned and can be learned.,(Italics added.),第37页,Unit 4Leadership,Text A Language building-up,Signpost language,Examples from Text A,4.While Drucker did not leave us with a unified model of his concepts about effective leadership,I was able to derive the essence of his beliefs from a variety of sources,including his published work,books and articles,oral presentations,and tapes,as well as my own class notes and personal conversations both during my schooling and after my graduation.,5.He called them partners,and wrote that partners couldnt be ordered,they had to be persuaded,and leadership was therefore a marketing job.,6.However,to market correctly,the needs of each group or customer segment,including their values and behaviors,had to be understood.,7.In this way,a company would develop products and promote them in the way that the customer,not the marketer,considered important.,第38页,Unit 4Leadership,Formal English,Text A Language building-up,On informal occasions,we tend to begin a sentence with a pronoun like I,you,we,one or just people.However,in formal settings,sentences are more likely to begin with it or there.,Passive voices are employed more often.,Nouns are more favored over adjectives indicating the same meaning.,第39页,Unit 4Leadership,Formal English,Text A Language building-up,Which of the two is more formal?,You cannot predict the future,but you can create it.,The best way to predict the future is to create it.,第40页,Unit 4Leadership,Formal English,Text A Language building-up,Make the following quotes from Drucker less formal:,There is no substitute for leadership.,Leadership must be learned and can be learned.,Leadership is of utmost importance.,We/You cant find any substitute for leadership.,We must learn leadership and we can learn it.,Leadership is very important.,第41页,Unit 4Leadership,Text B,Nandos,Critical thinking and reading,Speaking,第42页,Unit 4Leadership,Text B Critical reading and thinking,Brief introduction to Nandos,History of Nandos,Current development,Awards,Nandos leadership style,第43页,Unit 4Leadership,Text B Critical reading and thinking,Brief introduction to Nandos,Nandos leadership style,Nandos has an interesting approach to leadership.Instead of making all decisions from the top,local management is allowed quite some flexibility.,第44页,Unit 4Leadership,Text B Critical reading and thinking,Text analysis,What is behind this remarkable set of achievements?,a unique culture,a set of fundamental values,Ways of doing things,第45页,Unit 4Leadership,Text B Critical reading and thinking,Text analysis,Which of the following are central decisions?,1.the five core values of pride,passion,courage,integrity,and family,2.menu,3.interior decoration of stores and music selection,4.quality control,5.recruitment and selection,6.forms of local community involvement,7.branding,8.corporate soci