彩色版定语从句分类详解.doc

1 抽象名词
activity, case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题
2 whose作为特殊的关系代词在定语从句中的用法
关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。而且用于非限定性定语从句中指物，人，动物。
1 This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.
= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.
= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.
2 The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
那个男人取下了他手上由小钻石制成的黄金手表。
Chopin,whose works are world famous, composed some ofhis music in this room.
肖邦的作品是世界知名的，有些乐曲就是在这个房间里谱写的。
常见的错误时，见到前面的人，用who，其实这是whose的隶属关系。即肖邦的作品
His house, whose windows were all broken, was a
depressing sight.
他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。
常见的错误时。见到前面的物和逗号。选which。实际这是whose在非限定性定语从句的应用。
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows.
我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。

3 As在定语从句中的用法
常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected等。“正如……”the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
1 As is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.
众所周知，月亮每月绕地球转一圈
This summer North China was attacked by such a terrible heat as few people has ever experienced before.
I had coffee after dinner, as[which] is my usual practice.
我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。
4 插入语在定语从句中的用法
在定语从句中为了表明说话人的态度可以加入I think/ believe/suppose等来作为插入语
1 He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work.
2 Tom is the boy who I think is honest, but he isn’t.
5 定语从句中的部分与整体
不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。
1 There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.
2 These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father
3 In the 2004 Olympics, China won 24 gold medals ,16 of which were won by women athletes.
在2004年奥运会上中国赢得24块金牌，其中16块来自女运动员。
4 It is reported that two schools，both of which are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
据报道我们小镇正在建造两所学校，明年将开放。
5 Jenny was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which of course, made the others envy him .
杰尼对他最小儿子比对其他孩子好，这件事让其他孩子都嫉妒他。
先行词可以是一句话,也可以是一个词,上题中which引导的非限定从句是指这件事,不要错误的认为是“ to the others”从而无选who
6 from where 引导的定语从句
当先行词为一个介词短语时引导定语从句的结构一定是from where.
1 She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
她爬到了山顶，从哪里可以看到整个小镇的美景
2 Look over there!some people are standing under the big tree, from where you can enjoy the whole view.
看那边。有些人正站在大树底下。从哪里你可以享受整个美景
7 只用that的情况
1 当先行词是不定代词时,如:All ,few, little, much, every, something,anything, everything, 等
1 Have you met anybody that has been to Paris?
你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?
2 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.
牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。
3 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时
He is the only one among us that knows Russian.
他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
4 当人和物合做先行词时
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告
5 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中
Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?
有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?
8 误用关系副词的情况
(1) Our company will move to a tall building which we bought last month.
which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
(2) Our company will move to a tall building which has
just been complete.
which 在定语从句中用作主语。
(3) Our company will move to a tall building where we worked two years ago.
where 在定语从句中用作状语
1 She says that she’ll never forget the time when she works as a secretary in our company.
2 She says that she’ll never forget the time which she’s spent
working as a secretary in our company.
动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。
3 This is the house that he bought yesterday.
这就是他昨天买的那座房子。
定语从句that he bought yesterday之所以也要用that来引导，同时是因为从句中的动词bought缺宾语，所以定语从句也要用关系代词引导。长见的错误时用where。做此类题一定要注意先行词在从句中做何种成分。做状语的时候才用where。
9 逗号的误用
(1) If a book is in English, that means slow progress for you.　　
(2) When I say two hours, that includes time for eating.
之所以不选which是因为，这两个句子是条件状语从句
10 和并列句的误用
(1) He has two children, and both of them are abroad.
(2) He has two children, both of which are abroad.　　
第一句是and连接的并列句，第二句才是定语从句。
She wrote a lot of novels, but none of them were popular.
=She wrote a lot of novels, none of which were popular.
她写过许多本小说，但没有一本是受欢迎的。
11 which的特殊用法
关系代词which原则上只指物，不指人；指人要用who。但是，有时指的不是具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等），则要用which 而不用who。如：
He talked like a scholar, which he was not.
他说起话来像个学者，其实他没什么学问。