新东方外语初中演讲培训讲义.doc

中国青少年英语能力大赛日照赛区
东方外语培训学校辅导宝典
（曲阜师范大学翻译学院岳守国教授）
演讲比赛的小技巧
1、演讲准备
1. 拿到演讲稿一定要按比赛时的速率试两遍，确保不超时，千万别存侥幸。
2. 对演讲稿尤其是对别人写的稿子要反复读，背下来只是最低要求，你必须对稿
件中的每一个标点的由来都了然于胸；
3. 尽可能的预先到演讲场地，熟悉环境设施。如有可能不妨到台上喊上几嗓子；
4. 预先演练好如何上下场。几步可以到话筒，在哪儿鞠躬；
5. 练习用正常语调、最大的音量清楚的完成演讲；
6. 要像准备对全世界演讲一样准备你的演讲；
7. 当你的名字被叫到时，慢慢的站起来，以正常的步幅走向演讲台；
8. 放松面部肌肉，让脸上的微笑来自内心；
9. 可以做一些深呼吸；
2、比赛之中
10. 相信：你是在作最一流的演讲。你就是大家期待的一等奖的得主；
11. 鞠躬致意――站到话筒前――深呼吸――放松――微笑――开始把烂熟于心
的讲稿讲出来；
12. 用目光和观众说话，先从那个你感到最亲近的人开始，用目光告诉他，你感
谢他的关注；然后，把所有的听众都当成你的大哥大姐。
第一部分：英语演讲比赛礼仪
面部表情是最准确的、最微妙的人的“晴雨表”。如果面部表情表现得体，可以为比赛锦上添花，反之则会弄巧成拙。
1、微笑：人的面部表情贵在四个字：自然真挚。比赛者的面部表情一般要带微笑。微笑是一个人能力和品行的最好体现，它能使别人感到信任和依靠。俗话说：“面带三分笑，礼数已先到”。微笑是一种无言的答语，微笑可以缩短双方距离，创造良好的面谈气氛。
2、目光：同微笑一样，目光眼神也是最富感染力的表情语言。注意不要死盯着对方的眼睛，否则，会使对方极不自在，同时，也不要在某一局部区域内上下翻飞，否则会使对方感到莫名其妙。不要东张西望、左顾右盼，显得心不在焉；不要高高昂起头，两眼望天，显得傲慢，否则都是失礼和缺乏教养的表现。
3、肢体语言：仔细聆听、面带微笑、措辞严谨、回答简洁明了、精神风貌乐观积极，这些丰富的肢体语言和恰当的语音语调，势必会使你的比赛锦上添花、事半功倍！在肢体语言，要注意避免以下行为：1）保持适当的眼神接触。如果一直目不转睛地直视着评委，又会让人觉得不自在。 2）不要坐立不安。一方面，坐立不安表明你比较紧张；另一方面，坐立不安时出现的一些肢体动作，也会影响和分散评委的注意力。
第二部分：初中英语构词法
英语构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。掌握基本的构词法，有助于词汇的理解、记忆和积累。现就初中英语部分词汇加以归类小结。
一、合成法。就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。
1、复合名词：headache(头疼)，daybreak(黎明) ，playground(操场)，postcard(明信片) ，basketball（篮球)，classroom（教室) ， blackboard(黑板)，grandfather(爷爷)， waiting-room（候车室)，sitting-room(起居室) 2、复合代词：somebody（有人，某人)，nobody(没有人)，something(某物，某事)，nothing(没有东西) 3、复合形容词有：man-made(人造的)，kind-hearted(好心的)，hard-working(努力工作的)，fund-raising (筹集资金的)。 4、复合副词有：upstairs(到楼上)，downstairs(到楼下)，everywhere(到处)，maybe(或许)等。另外，复合动词有understand(理解)，复合介词有without(无，没有)等。
二、转化法。就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况：rain(雨n)→（下雨v．)。例如：There’s a lot of rain in this country．It’s still raining now．
What are you talking about? There will be a talk next week．The classroom is not clean． You must clean it tomorrow。
三、派生法。就是将前，后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀。 前缀 ： 1．re- retell(复述)v.， return(归还)v． 2．un- unhappy(不高兴的)adj. ， unusual(不平常的)adj. 3. dis- dislike(不喜欢)v ， disagree(不同意)v 4. im- impossible(不可能的)adj., impolite (不礼貌的) 5. in- incorrect (不正确的)adj. , incomplete (不完整的) adj. 6. ir- irregular (不规则的)adj. , irresponsible (不负责任的)adj.
后缀：1．-er worker(工人)n， teacher(教师)n． 2．-ese Chinese(中国人)n， Japanese(日本人)n． 3．-ed(或-d) interested(感兴趣的)adj.， pleased(高兴的)adj.． 4．-ful careful(小心的)adj.， forgetful(健忘的)adj.． 5．-ing building(建筑物)n， surprising(令人惊奇的)adj.， 6．-less careless(粗心的)adj.， hopeless(无望的)adj.． 7．-1y friendly(友好的)adj.， quickly(快地)adv． 8．-ness happiness(幸福)n， business(商业)n． 9．-or operator(手术者)n， inventor(发明者)n． 10．-ous dangerous(危险的)adj.， famous(著名的)adj.． 11．-teen sixteen(十六)num， fourteen(十四)num． 12．-ty seventy(七十)num， ninety(九十)num． 13．-th tenth(第十)num， eleventh(第十一)num． 14. -tion operation(手术)n， congratulation(祝贺)n． 15．-y cloudy(多云的)adj.， lucky(幸运的)adj.． 16. –ment agreement (同意) n. ， movement (移动) n.
第三部分：演讲稿演练
1、英语自我介绍之一
Dear guests and judges, My name is -------------------- and I'm from Rizhao city. Right now, I'm a student. I study very hard every day. I like going to school because I'm eager to learn. I like painting, listening to music, playing computer games and reading books. My favourite food is chicken. It’s yummy. I often do my homework and read books on Saturdays. I enjoy learning English. It's my favorite class. I like to make friends and I get along with everyone. This is the introduction I give whenever I meet new people. It tells people a little bit about me and about what I like to do.
2、英语自我介绍之二
Dear guests and judges, I am very glad to say something here. At this time, I’d like to talk about my hobbies. I like some kinds of sports. I like being outdoors. I love fresh air and sunshine. Playing outdoors with friends is fun for me. Besides, I like to draw pictures at home.
I like music and singing. I often sing film songs while I walk in the street. Of course, I learn English every day. As you know, English is used everywhere in the world. So I learn English very hard. I hope I can travel around the world and speak English with foreigners someday. It’s my dream to travel around the world. My world is nice, and I hope your world is nice too! Thank you!
3、The City Mouse and the Country Mouse
Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country." So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city."
The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, " Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid. After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, "I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid."
4、Rizhao City ----- My Lovely Hometown
Rizhao is a newly rising coastal city, yet it’s also a city with a long history of two thousand years. In Rizhao Museum, the brilliant civilization takes you back to the distant past. Rizhao gets its name from the rising sun. Ri, meaning the sun while zhao, meaning shines. It is a city full of life, just like the rising sun. Watching the sunrise in the early morning is a great delight to most tourists.
15 kilometers to the north of our town, there is a national forest park. Millions of tall trees grow thickly close to the coast. In summer, it’s wonderful to have a rest in the shadows of the forest. Rizhao city is only beautiful but also lively. It’s best you come to pay a visit yourself. Of course, my hometown won’t disappoint you. Rizhao, I love you with all my heart. And my heart will go on and on and on!
5、My Hobbies
Dear guests and judges,
I am very glad to say something here. At this time, I’d like to talk about my hobbies. I like some kinds of sports. I like being outdoors. I love fresh air and sunshine. Playing outdoors with friends is fun for me. Swimming in the sea is my favorite. Besides, I like to draw pictures at home. I often read picture books on the bed in the evening.
I like music and singing. I often sing film songs while I walk in the street. Of course, I learn English every day. As you know, English is used everywhere in the world. So I learn English very hard. I hope I can travel around the world and speak English with foreigners someday. It’s my colorful dream to travel around the world. My world is nice, and I hope your world is nice too! Thank you!
6、My Dream
Everyone has a lot of dreams. Some people want to be rich, dreaming of becoming millionaires overnight. Others want to be famous, dreaming of suddenly jumping to great fame. I have a lot of dreams, too. When I was a young girl, I dreamed of becoming a scientist in future. However, I knew very well that I could not succeed without painstaking efforts. So I studied hard in the middle school and college in order to attain my goal. Although I was very busy with teaching, I never gave up my goal. I read a lot of books to get more knowledge. Now I have made great progress. I am very happy. The ladder of becoming a scientist is still far ahead, but I have climbed the first step anyway.
7、My Sweet Home
　 There is an old saying “East and west, home is best.” So, we can see how important home is to everybody. I’ve got a sweet home because it is cozy. My family lives in a flat. The sitting room is the biggest and my room is the smallest, but it is a world of my own. The wall is white, the curtain is pretty, the bed is comfortable and the bookshelf is filled with different kinds of books.
　　I’ve got a sweet home because it is full of love. My dad loves me. He is kind and patient. My mom loves me, too. She is considerate and hardworking. Every day when I go home from school, the rooms are always clean and tidy. Every time when I play out and forget dinnertime, it is also my mom who calls me back with her tender voice, “Come home, my little darling, dinner is ready”. This is my home, my sweet home.
8、I Love My Country
There is a beautiful country standing in the east of the world. She has red soil, big mountains, long rivers and hardworking people, she is just like a diamond, shinning all the time, and she is my dearest country ------- China! My country has so many great places of interest, which is known not only to every citizen, but also to the world.
We have the Great Wall, the world's second longest river, the oldest history and the most glorious culture. As we all know, China is one of the largest countries in the world, when it is snowing in the north, the flowers have come out in the south. When the people in the south are enjoying the sunshine on the beach, the people in the north are skiing on the ice. How marvelous it is! So now I can speak to the world loudly "My country is really great! My country is really beautiful!
9、I love English
Honorable judges, beloved schoolmates. Good morning everyone!
　　As everyone knows, English is very important today. It has been used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. If we can speak English well, we will have more chance to succeed. Because more and more people have taken notice of it, the number of the people who go to learn English has increased at a high speed.
　　But for myself, I learn English not only because of its importance and its usefulness, but also because of my love for it. When I speak English, I can feel the confidence from my words. When I write English, I can see the beauty which is not the same as our Chinese With my good English, I can make friends with many people from different countries. I can see many places of great interests. I dream that I can go to London, because it is the birth place of English. I see Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.
　　If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday, it will love me too. I am sure that I will realize my dream one day! Thank you!
10、Our School
Good morning, my dear teachers and friends! I am very happy to be here. My topic is Our School. My dear friends, welcome to our school! My school is very beautiful! It has a big playground. We can play and do some sports on the playground. We have a garden with green trees and flowers there. So the air is very clean and we can hear birds singing in the trees. It is so wonderful. Our teaching buildings are around the garden and look like our teachers’ arms to welcome us. We can draw pictures in the art room on the first floor and read story-books in the library on the second floor.
My classroom is on the third floor. It is clean and bright. We like to study in it. The computer room is on the forth floor. We can sing and dance in the music room on the fifth floor. What a lot of fun! In our school, our teachers work hard and help us with our lessons. We study hard and listen to teachers carefully. After class, our teachers play with us and we feel very happy. Our school is so nice and our teachers are so kind. We all love them. Dear friends, do you like them? That's all. Thanks!
11、My Dream
Honorable Judges. Good morning !
My great pleasure to share my dream with you today. My dream is to become a teacher. As the whole world has its boundaries, limits and freedom coexist in our life. I don’t expect complete freedom, which is impossible. I simply have a dream that supports my life.
I dream that one day, I could escape from the deep sea of thick schoolbooks and lead my own life. With my favorite fictions, I lie freely on the green grass, smelling the spring, listening to the wind singing, breathing the fresh and cool air and lose my soul in nature at last. Simple and short enjoyment can bring me great satisfaction.
I dream that one day the adults could throw their prejudice of comic and cartoon away. They could keep a lovely heart that can share sorrow and happiness with us while watching cartoon or doing personal things. That’s the real communication of heart to heart. I have the belief that my dreams should come true. I am looking forward to some day coming when I am like a proud eagle, which flies to the blue and vast sky.
12、儿 歌
1. One, two, three, four Merry at the cottage door, Five, six, seven, eight,
Eating cherries of a plate.
2. Rain, rain, go away, Come again another day, Little Johnny wants to play.
3. Work while you work, Play while you play, That is the way, To be happy and gay.
4. I like coffee. I like tea. I like the boys and the boys like me.
I love coffee. I love tea. I want somebody to come in with me.
5. Books are full of many things, That I would like to know, Books are full of greatest men,
That lived long, long ago. Books are full of mountains, That can be high or low.
Books are full of flowers, That I would like to grow.
6. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are, Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are!
7. Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till good is better, And better, best.
8. Try, try , Never say die, Things will come right, To you, by and by.
9. Cow, cow, Friendly and brown, Let down your milk, For the hungry town.
第四部分：初中英语非谓语动词专项练习题
1. (2010·潍坊中考) At least 300 million people are using QQ_______ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. A. create B. creates C. creating D. created 【解析】选D
2.（2010·成都中考）—Where’s your brother now, Bob?
--I saw him _______in the street a moment ago and I told him_________.
A. playing ; don’t do so B. playing; not to so C. play; to do so 【解析】选B
3.（2010·通化中考）The woman made his son_____ finally after she told him some jokes.
A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing 【解析】选C
4.（2010·河南中考）Father often tells me too much time on computer games.
A. don’t spend B. not spend C. not to spend D. not spending 【解析】选C
5.（2010·黄冈中考）—How would your family like to travel?
--It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks ______to travel. A. to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive 【解析】选B
6.（2010·聊城中考）The teachers often tell their pubils ________ across the road when the traffic light is red. A. not go B. not to go C. don’t go D. didn’t go 【解析】选B
7.（2010·陕西中考）Don’t forget ______