高考英语二轮复习题型突破专题16短文改错.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,题型专题突破,第二部分,专题十六短文改错,1/26,考纲精解,2/26,3/26,历年改错设题通常从以下三个方面入手：词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。,一、词法错误,词法错误类设错在短文改错题中占很大百分比，考生需要尤其注意。对于这类题，考生要仔细分析句子成份，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。错误类型通常有以下几个：冠词误用，名词单复数误用，形容词与副词混用，代词误用，介词误用等。,名师点拨,4/26,1,冠词误用,冠词错用在高考短文改错中极为常见。从高考英语短文改错题命题角度来看，通常从以下几个方面设题：不定冠词,a,和,an,混用，不定冠词,a,和,an,和定冠词,the,混用，不定冠词或定冠词多出或缺失。,(,全国卷,),Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.,【,解析,】,in the countryside,在农村,/,乡下，为固定搭配。,【,答案,】,countryside,前加,the,5/26,(,陕西卷,),That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!,【,解析,】,因为,impressive,发音是以元音音素开头，所以其前要用不定冠词,an,。,【,答案,】,a,an,6/26,2,名词单复数误用,近几年高考短文改错对名词考查主要集中在名词单复数。也就是名词该用复数形式时错用了单数形式。也有不可数名词错用了复数形式等情况。,(,全国卷,),The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.,【,解析,】,air,“,空气,”,是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。,【,答案,】,airs,air,7/26,(,全国卷,),For example,we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.,【,解析,】,由句中,one and a half,可知，此处应用复数形式,hours,。,【,答案,】,把,half,后,hour,改为,hours,。,8/26,3,形容词与副词混用,应该用形容词却用了副词，或应该用副词却用了形容词。,(,全国卷,),Mom said,，“,How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.”,【,解析,】,形容词,worried,应用副词修饰。,【,答案,】,terribleterribly,9/26,(,全国卷,),We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!,【,解析,】,依据句子结构来判断，要用形容词修饰名词,tomatoes,。,【,答案,】,wonderfully,wonderful,10/26,4,代词误用,主要考查各类代词使用方法，尤其是人称代词和不定代词使用方法。,(,浙江卷,),Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.,【,解析,】,代词误用。这里代指前面,a beautiful park,，故,them,改为,it,。,【,答案,】,them,it,11/26,(,辽宁卷,),We appreciate our apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.,【,解析,】,依据,we hope that you can,可知此处指是,“,你们,”,道歉，所以把,our,改为,your,。,【,答案,】,our,your,12/26,5,介词误用,这类改错题主要考查介词意义、使用方法及固定搭配。包括动词时，假如动词是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不需要介词，假如其后有介词，那这个介词就是多出；而不及物动词不可直接接宾语，假如接宾语需要借助于恰当介词，假如缺乏这个介词，就会出现错误。,13/26,(,全国卷,，节选,),Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.,【,解析,】,with the development of,伴随,发展。,【,答案,】,on,with,(,浙江卷,),My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.,【,解析,】,be made from,由,制成,(,看不出原材料,),；,be made of,由,制成,/,组成,(,看得出原材料,),，所以,from,要改为,of,。,【,答案,】,from,of,14/26,二、语法错误,高考英语短文改错常见句法错误有动词时态、语态错误，非谓语动词使用错误，主谓一致错误，名词性从句中连词误用，定语从句中关系代词和关系副词误用，定语从句中关系代词和关系副词误用等。这些错误通常与句子成份分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。,1,动词时态、语态错误,近几年短文改错题包括时态考查点通常为普通现在时和普通过去时混用，有时也包括对其它时态考查。而语态错误主要包含主动语态与被动语态误用以及不及物动词用了被动语态。普通来说，在高考短文改错中必有时态错误。,15/26,(,全国卷,，节选,),After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.,【,解析,】,此处考查时态，,and,引导并列成份，前后结构应一致，,was,为过去时，故,begun,应改为过去式,began,。,【,答案,】,begun,began,(,全国卷,，节选,),Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.,【,解析,】,考查动词语态。主语,studies,与谓语,show,之间是主动关系，故需用主动语态。,【,答案,】,去掉,been,16/26,2,非谓语动词使用错误,非谓语动词使用错误在短文改错中较为常见。该类错误主要表达在以下几个方面：动词不定式符号,to,赘余或缺失，过去分词和现在分词混用等。,(,浙江卷,),I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。,enjoy,后加动名词形式，故,sit,改为,sitting,。,【,答案,】,sit,sitting,(,四川卷,),Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词使用方法。,want to do sth.,想要做某事。,【,答案,】,want,后加,to,17/26,3,主谓一致错误,主谓一致错误是指谓语动词形式跟主语不一致。其错误类型表现为：主语是复数形式，而谓语动词却用了单数形式，或者主语是单数形式，谓语动词却用了复数形式。主谓一致错误也是考生在书面表示中常犯错误，考生也通常忽略这方面问题。,(,陕西卷，节选,),Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain!,【,解析,】,因为句子主语为“,the arrows”,，故谓语动词要用复数形式，且此处表示过去动作，故用,were,。所以将,was改为,were,。,【,答案,】,waswere,18/26,(,辽宁卷，节选,),The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.,【,解析,】,本句主语是动名词短语,“,The early morning barking,”,，故谓语动词要用单数形式。,【,答案,】,have,has,19/26,4,主从句连接词误用,这类错误主要指名词性从句中连词误用，定语从句中关系代词和关系副词误用等。,(,浙江卷，节选,),If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.,【,解析,】,句意：即使我在那个教室学习时还是个孩子，不过我永远不会忘记。依据句意，,If,应改为,Although/Though,。,【,答案,】,If,Although/Though,20/26,(,四川卷，节选,),If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt,tell your teacher immediately.,【,解析,】,分析句子结构可知，,notice,后接一个宾语从句，从句意思是完整，所以要用,that,引导，故,when,是多出，应该去掉。,【,答案,】,去掉,when,21/26,三、行文逻辑错误,在高考短文改错中，有时考生会碰到词法方面和句法方面均没有错误句子，此时就必须从行文逻辑上来判断句子合理性。行文逻辑错误常见有代词指代错误，连词逻辑意义错误等。这类错误极难被发觉，而这类错误基本上都会有所包括，所以针对这类题考生必须经过阅读全文来综合考虑。,1,代词指代错误,代词指代错误常见是代词指代对象、单复数及代词格与文章逻辑意义不一致，另外还有反身代词错用等。这类错误通常较为隐蔽。,22/26,(,四川卷,),In fact,I dont like to go anymore,but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.What do you think I should do?If you were me,would you talk to him?,【,解析,】,依据上文可知，这里指作者朋友们，另外代词指代错误，故,him,改为,them,。,【,答案,】,him,them,23/26,2,连词逻辑意义错误,(,湖南卷改编,),Make what youre doing today important,and because youre trading a day of your life for it.,【,解析,】,本句是祈使句。句意：让你今日所做之事主要起来，因为你是在用一天生命换取它。前后为因果关系。,【,答案,】,去掉,and,24/26,专题对点特训,短文改错,(,一,),25/26,专题对点特训,短文改错,(,二,),26/26,