2025年全国高考一卷英语真题.docx

2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国一卷)
英语学科
本试卷满分150分, 考试用时120分钟。
本试卷共150分，共12页。考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0. 5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整，笔记清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the man do next?
A. Unpack his suitcase.
B. Board a flight.
C. Fill out a form.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does Sarah plan to do after graduation?
A. Do volunteer work.
B. Pursue a higher degree.
C. Run the family business.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Buying a car.
B. Moving house.
C. Fixing the window.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think of the ski area?
A It’s a bit crowded.
B. It has poor snow.
C. It’s too far away.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where are the speakers heading?
A. The Art Centre.
B. The Grand Theatre.
C. The Stone Bridge.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What did the woman do?
A. She went over the speed limit.
B. She parked in a school zone.
C. She drove through a red light.
7. What time does school finish on Wednesdays?
A. At 2:00 pm. B. At 2:30 pm. C. At 3:30 pm.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Fellow workers.
B. Former schoolmates.
C. Family relatives.
9. Who will Grace have dinner with?
A. Fiona. B. Jennifer. C. David.
10. What is Kevin going to do next?
A. Buy a drink. B. Play basketball. C. Greet a friend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11. What does the woman say about news programs?
A. They are replaced by documentaries.
B. They have been reduced in number.
C. They focus on the life of celebrities.
12. What is the man’s attitude toward reality shows?
A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Uncertain.
13. What does the woman expect TV programs to be?
A. Educational. B. Diverse. C. Entertaining.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14. Who is Cathy?
A. A school teacher. B. A radio host. C. A government official
15. What can the visiting adults do in the school?
A. Give speeches. B. Observe classes. C. Organize activities.
16. How can the students benefit from the school program?
A. Earn extra credits B. Find job opportunities. C. Learn about adult’s life.
17. What is the goal of the school program?

A. To improve student-teacher relationship.
B. To promote the idea of work-life balance.
C. To enhance school-community interaction.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18. Where is the speaker’s city located?
A. By the lake. B. On the coast. C. In the Valley.
19. What do the numbers on the signs stand for?
A. The duration of flooding. B. The rise in air temperature. C. The height above sea level.
20. What does the success of the project indicate?
A. Art can make a difference.
B. The homeowners are creative.
C. Climate change is controllable.
第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.

The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons
The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air.
CARS — Batteries
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge.

TRAINS — Electricity
Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.
TRUCKS — Hydrogen
fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive.
SHIPS — Liquid ammonia
Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily?
A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable.
B
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1?
A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?
A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic.
26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
27 What does the author’s experience show?
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
C

While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame?
D
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____36_____
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____37_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____38_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____39_____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy work