人教版高中英语必修三情态动词基本用法.ppt

What are 情态动词(modal verbs)?情态动词的特点情态动词的特点情态动词有一定的意义情态动词有一定的意义无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化通常不带通常不带to,后接动词原形后接动词原形表示说话人的语气或情绪表示说话人的语气或情绪情态动词备考方向情态动词备考方向:1.各情态动词的基本用法各情态动词的基本用法;2.易混淆情态动词的辨析易混淆情态动词的辨析;3.情态动词在特定语境中的用法情态动词在特定语境中的用法4.虚拟语气中情态动词的用法虚拟语气中情态动词的用法.How many modal verbs can you remember?modal verbscan/couldmay/mightshall/shouldmustneeddareought toused to have/had towill/would1.can/could1)表示能力表示能力He can play table tennis quite well.2)表示事物一时的特征表示事物一时的特征,理论上的可能性理论上的可能性Its always warm here,but sometimes it can be very cold.Hes good-tempered.However,he can be hard to deal with when offended.Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.3)表示许可表示许可/允诺允诺-Can/Could Tom use the car?-Yes,he can.You can have my seat.I am going now.4)表示推测表示推测1)-Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?Can it be Scarlet?-No,it cant be her.She called from Tokyo just now.2)He can not have forgotten it.3)The accident could have been avoided.2.may/might1)表示请求表示请求许可许可-May/Might I come in?-Yes,you may.2)表示可能性的推测表示可能性的推测Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.Its so late.I thing he may/might have gone to bed.You might have given him more help,but why didnt you?3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿用于祈使句表示祝愿May you succeed!May you return in safe!3.must1.必须必须Must I say“sorry”?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.You must see a doctor.2.猜测猜测“肯定肯定,准是准是”She must be watching TV now.There must be some mistake.It must have rained last night.The ground is so wet.3.“偏要偏要,硬要硬要”If you must smoke,please go out.4.否定否定,表示表示“禁止禁止”You mustnt play with fire.You may hurt yourself.must对比have to1)两词都是两词都是必须必须的意思，的意思，have to 表示客观的需表示客观的需要，要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。要。My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.He said that they must work hard.2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一只有一种形式。种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）在否定结构中：在否定结构中：dont have to 表示表示“不必不必”mustnt 表示表示“禁止禁止”You dont have to tell him about it.You mustnt tell him about it.4.Shall的用法(1).Shall 常用于第一人称表示简单的将来When shall well meet again?I shall have finished my homework by Friday.(2)shall用于第二，三人称表示：a.允诺或强烈的意志It shall be done as you wish.You shall get a bike as your birthday present.B.肯定会发生的事情That day shall come.C.命令或必须执行之事This law shall have effect in Scotland.(3)用于疑问句或表示提议的句子，请求听者决定之1)-Shall we go together?-Yes,lets.2)-Shall I get you a chair?-Yes,please.3)-Shall the visitor come in now?-Id rather he came in later.5.Should 的用法（）用于表示义务或责任（）用于表示义务或责任You shouldnt drink and drive.Visitors should inform the receptionist of their arrival.(2)用于表示劝告或推荐用于表示劝告或推荐He should stop smoking.You shouldnt leave the baby alone in the house.They should have called the police.(3)用于表示假定的结果用于表示假定的结果If I was asked to work on Sundays,I should resign.We should move to a larger house if we had the money.Should 的用法(4).用于形容词用于形容词anxious,sorry,concerned,happy,delighted 等后接的从句中等后接的从句中We are sorry that you should feel uncomfortable.That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.(5).用于用于if 和和in case引导的从句表示某事不太可能引导的从句表示某事不太可能If you should change your mind,do let me know.Should anyone telephone,please tell them Im busy.(6).用于用于so that 和和in order that 之后表示目之后表示目的或动机的或动机He put the cases in the car so that he should be ableto make an early start.He repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.(7)用于表示请求的客气说法用于表示请求的客气说法I should like to make a phone call,if possible.We should be grateful for your help.(8).用于表达不成熟的意见用于表达不成熟的意见I should say shes over forty.I should imagine It will take about three hours.(9).与疑问词连用表示不感兴趣，难以置信等与疑问词连用表示不感兴趣，难以置信等How should I know?Why should he think that?I turned round on the bus and who should be sitting behind me but my ex-wife.ought to 和should1)ought to：比比should语气强烈语气强烈,一般用于肯一般用于肯定和否定句定和否定句 They ought to be there by now.You ought not to be late again.ought to have done sth.=should have done sth.本应该做某事而没有本应该做某事而没有.ought not to have done sth.=should not have done sth.本不应该做某事而做了本不应该做某事而做了.They ought to have handed in the paper yesterday.他们本应当昨天交论文。他们本应当昨天交论文。You ought not to have wasted your time.7.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare 情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化;2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中;*在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后;*或与或与hardlyhardly,nevernever,no oneno one,nobodynobody连用连用;3.3.常以常以neednneednt t 和和darendarent t 的形式出现的形式出现;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared.多用于肯定句多用于肯定句;(sb.)need to do dare to do(sth.)need to be done(sth.)need doing I darent ask her for a rise.How did you dare to tell her that?I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.I dont know how she dares to wear that dress.7.dareDo you need any help?I wonder whether he need send it immediately.I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.The garden doesnt need watering at the moment.You neednt finish that work today.7.need判断正误判断正误:How dare you say such a thing?How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd,did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?8.used to do sth 过去常常做某事I used to go to the cinema a lot.He used to be a heavy smoker,didnt he?He used to be a heavy smoker,usednt he?9.will 做做助动词助动词:表示单纯的将来表示单纯的将来)将将He will be home at six.他六点回家。他六点回家。做情态动词做情态动词:1)(表示意志、意愿表示意志、意愿)愿愿,要要You will come,wont you?你会来的你会来的,是不是是不是?2)(表示经常性、习惯性表示经常性、习惯性)经常经常,惯于惯于,总是总是These things will happen.这种事总是要发生的。这种事总是要发生的。9.would 助动词助动词:(will的过去式的过去式,表示过去将来时表示过去将来时)将将She said she would come.情态动词情态动词:1)(表示意志表示意志)愿愿,要要;偏要偏要I told her to stop nagging,but she just wouldnt listen.2.(表示过去的习惯表示过去的习惯)总是总是,总会总会He would sit silent for hours.3.(表示推测表示推测)大概大概,会会I think he would accept the invitation.4.(表示喜欢、意愿表示喜欢、意愿)愿意愿意,要要,想想I would like to have a word with you.5.(表示虚拟、假设、条件等表示虚拟、假设、条件等)要要,将要将要;会会,就会就会If I were younger,I would join you in the expedition to the Antarctic.Would it be convenient for you to leave tomorrow?Would you please come tonight?6.(表示愿望表示愿望)但愿但愿,要是要是.多好多好I wish you wouldnt smoke any more.语法天空语法天空1)should 在虚拟语气中的使用在虚拟语气中的使用2)情态动词表推测的用法情态动词表推测的用法阅读理解阅读理解情态动词在虚拟语气中的使用情态动词在虚拟语气中的使用should 在虚拟语气中的使用在虚拟语气中的使用1)表示将来的较小的可能性表示将来的较小的可能性If she should know it,she would tell me.If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay indoors.2)It is high time that we should start out.3)It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.It is important/necessary that we should learn our mother tongue well.should 在虚拟语气中的使用在虚拟语气中的使用表示要求表示要求,建议建议,命令命令,请求的从句请求的从句:It is suggested/advised/commanded/ordered/required/requested/proposed that sb.should do sth.Sb.suggest/advise/that sb should do sth.My suggestion/advice is that sb should doHe put forward the suggestion that高考方向高考方向:表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may,might cant,couldntcan,could +V.+V.+have done +be doingYou must be wrong.They must be waiting for someone.He must have known about it.He may come by bus;Im not sure.The farmers may be harvesting the crops.Something bad may have happened.You cant be serious.There were six people in the car.It cant have been a comfortable journey.Can Mr.Brown be at home now?Can it be true?Can he have passed such a difficult test?1.I dont know where she is.She _ be in Wuhan.2.At this moment,our teacher _ our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.The road is wet.It _ last night.(rain)maymust be markingmust have rained考考你考考你:4.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will5.Michael _ be a policeman,for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may6.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been 7.Where is my pen?I _it.A.might lose B.would have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost8.I didnt hear the phone.I _asleep A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have beenD B 9.-When can I come for the photo?I need them tomorrow.-They _ be ready by 12:00A.can B should C.might D.need10.-I didnt go fishing last Sunday because my car broke down.-You _ mine.I wasnt using it.A.could borrow B.could have borrowedC.should borrow D.must have borrowed11.-Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh,you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.BBshould