八下英语知识点总结全册.pdf

1八年级英语下册第一单元1.be scared(afraid)of sb./sth./doing sth.恐惧某人/某物/做某事be scared(afraid)to do sth 恐惧做某事afraid+从句 I am afraid that she is not come。Im afraid not 我恐怕不会这样Im afraid so 我恐怕会这样2.go up=rise 上升 go down=set 下沉，下落。3.There will be=There is/are going to be 将要有4.What strange weather！What+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数（+主+谓）！What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主+谓）！How+adj./adv.+(主+谓)！5.the exam time 确切的时间。6.take a（short）shower 淋浴7.what is the weather like？=how is the weather？天气怎么样？What will the weather be like tomorrow？明天天气怎样？8.What is the temperature today？今天的气温是多少？9.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（没做）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（做了）remember to do sth 记得去做某事（没做）remember doing sth 记得做过某事（做了）10.Its very rainy in August=There is much rain in August.11.It is/was rainy/snowy/windy。12.How beautiful girl she is！What a beautiful girl she is！13.play on the swing.荡秋千14.make a noise/make noises 发出声响，吵闹make a loud noise 发出很大声响15.到达：arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点 get/reach/arrive here/there/home 地副省介词 get to+地点；reach+地点16.notuntil直到才17.Neither of 两者都不（谓单）bothand 两者都Neithernor 既不也不not only.but also 不但而且eitheror 或者或者(连接的成分作主语，谓语就近原则)18.see sb do sth 看见 sb 做某事（全过程或经常性的）see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调正在进行）19.go cycling=go to ride a bike 去骑车20.get/become warmer/colder/longer 变得22.hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸23.practic doing 练习做某事24.turn around 转身225.fall off 摔下来26.give sb.a push 推某人一下27.help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事28.get off 从下来，get on 上车，指上下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。get into 上车，get out of 下车指需要弯腰进去的。29.think about 思考、考虑、想到（某人或某事）think of 想起 think over 再三思考30.all day 一整天 all year round 一年到头31.one by one 一个接一个地 year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。32.hold on（电话）不挂断,“抓紧”。e down 下来34.on the radio 通过收音机 35.the same as 和.一样。反义短语：be different from difference 差别差异，make a/no difference to sb 对（mei）有影响36.Whats the date today?今天几号？What day is it today?今天星期几?37.maybe(句首)=perhaps(句首)=may be(句中)38.the difference between.and.两者之间的不同之处39.thank you/thanks for doing sth.感谢做某事40.表示建议：lets do.？Shall we do.？How/What about doing.？Why not do.？=Why dont you do？为什么不做.？You better do.？Would you please（not）do sth.?请某人做（不要做）某事好吗？Would you like to do？41.Youd better(not)do sth 最好做（不要做）某事42.on the playground 在操场上44.wake up:醒来；wake sb.up：叫醒某人 e out 花开放，出来，书出版46.tooto太以至于不能47.enjoy doing 喜欢做某事48.begin-began-began begin/start to do begin/start doing 开始做某事49.feel like 感觉像50.long for sth=long to do 渴望=look forward to doing 期望做某事51.because+从句；because of+sth 直接跟原因。52.hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of 数百/千/百万/十亿的 具体数字（2/3/4）+hundred/thousand/million/billion53.plenty of=many=much=lots of=a lot of 大量的，许多的54.instead of sb./sth./doing sth 代替人/物/做某事55.jump up and down 跳上跳下。56.fall-fell-fallen fall down 摔倒 fall off 落下跌倒57.make our world beautiful358.stop to do 停下来去做另外一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 continue to do 一件事做完继续做另外一件事 continue doing sth 继续做刚才做的事。59.（not）as low/carefully/interesting as 和一样 否定：或不如。60.Whats the temperature?温度多少？The average/highest/lowest temperature。平均/最高/最低 温度61.hurt oneself 伤着某人自己62.drop below zero 降到 0 度以下。Drop v.降落 丢落，n.雨滴 a drop of 一滴63.a good/popular place to go 一个好去处64.on ones way to 在某人去某地的路上 in ones way to 挡住了某人的路（地副省略 to）by the way 顺便说一下 in many ways 在很多方面 in a way 在某种程度上第二单元1.grow into 长成2.pass sb.sh.=pass sth.to sb.递给某人某物 pass on sth.to sb.递给某人某物3.look after=take care of 照顾，照料。Look after.well=take good care of 仔细照顾5.sth be full of 满，充满=sth.be filled with sb.fill sth.with sth.把装满6.由制成：be made of 可以看出原材料；be made from 看不出原材料。be made by 由（某人）制造；be made in 在（某地）制造 make into 把制成 be made into 被制成 be made out of 由制成 make sb+adj./do sth。使某人（做）be made to do sth。被迫做某事7.carry away 把搬（移）走8.on the tree=on trees 在树上，指的是树本身的东西，即长在树上；in the tree=in trees 在树上，指的是外来的东西，不是树本身的东西。10.half of 中的一半，当 of 后面是不可数名词或单数时，谓语用单数，如果 half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数，那么谓语用复数。11.look like 看起来像 feel like doing 感觉起来像。12.use to do sth.用来做，其中 to do sth.表示目的和用途。be used to do 被用来做 used to do 过去常常做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事13.put outside/on/into把放在的外边/上面/里面14.turn into 变成；turninto 把变成15.cover.with.用.覆盖；be covered with 被覆盖4a blue cover 一个蓝盖子16.What is.for?.是做什么用的？17.feed.to sb./sth.把喂给某人/某物；feed sb.on/with sth.用喂养 feed on 以为食。18.in the shade:在树荫里20.have nothing to do:无事可做21.I pulled the plant by the roots 我把植物连根拔起。21.blow sth.off 把吹走 blow-blew-blown22.at the bottom of 在.底部in the bottom of 在（内部的）底部23.a beautiful house with large garden24.a three-foot-deep hole 一个三英尺深的洞25.Its a great way to learn English。=Its a great way of learning English。26.be worried about sth.=worry about 担心某事27.one of之一28.for sure 肯定地，确定地 make sure 确信29.enough 作形容词.enough food作副词 old enough（1）enough(for sb./sth.)to do sth（对来说）足够做某事The box is light enough for the boy to carry。（2）notenough to意思：不够不能可以和 tooto.;sothat 互换。The boy is not old enough to go to school.The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.30.It is+adj.（for/of sb）to do sth。对于某人来说做某事是的of sb 说的是某人的品质，性格Its pleasant to 做是令人愉快的 have a pleasant trip 愉快的旅行pleased 愉快的 be pleased with 对.感到满意31.have fun doing=have a great time doing sth.玩的开心32.must 主观的必须；have to 客观，不的不/33.consider+n./pron./doing sth./that 从句；意为：仔细考虑、认真、觉得。consider+what/how/when+to do 考虑consider sb./sth as 把当成34.Keep/stay away from 使远离。keep out(of sth.)使不进入keep up with 跟上，赶上keep/stay in touch with（与）保持联系35.decide to do sth.=make up ones mind to do sth.意为：决定（下决心）做某事decide+宾从：Lin decided that he would move to Beijing。decide+疑问词+to do：She cant decide which to buy？36.along with 和一起37.smell/look/sound/taste/feel+adj.5闻来/看起来/听起来/尝起来/感觉起来怎么样。38.can 和 be able to can 只能用于一般现在时，be able to 可用于任何时态。39.such as 后可以跟很多例子；for example 后只能跟一个例子40.need 用法：动词 need to do 需要做情态动词，Must I eat this？No，you neednt。名词：in great need of help 非常需要帮助 fulfill the basic need 满足基础需求41.clean the air 净化空气42.help sb.（to）do sth.帮助43.pull all ones energy into 把所有的经历投入到take energy from 从获取能量44.We cant live without water。45.种树的步骤 L37，46.种树的好处 L3847.steps of seed to seeds（L12）48.ones own 某人自己的49.log onto 登陆50.what else 还有其他的什么？51.Be busy doing 忙于做某事52.As long as 只要53.Hear-heard hear sb doing/do sth.听到某人（正在）做某事54.Eastern Asia 东亚55.Open up 张开。56.To catch the first bus，he gets up early。动词不定式表目的。57.So do I 我也是；So I do 的确如此。58.Something new/important59.Raise animals 饲养动物第三单元1.play with sb./sth.与一起玩；拿来玩2.slow down 慢下来e from=be from 来自4.all kinds of 各种各样的；different kinds of 不同种类的；a kind/type of 一种5.protect sb./sth.against/from sth.保护、保卫某人/某事物不受的侵害。protect（v.）-protective(adj.)-protection(n.)6.go extinct 灭绝7.stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事（在主动语态中 from 可省，在被动语态中 from 不可省略）8.make friends with 与交朋友9.take photos of 给某人照相11.have a good/great day to do sth 玩的愉快12.play a joke/trick on sb=play jokes/tricks on sb开某人的玩笑，戏弄某人；6 have a joke with sb.与某人一起以某事取笑；make a joke about/of sb./sth.拿某人（某事）开玩笑13.stand still 一动不动地站着14.get out of 除外走动；get out of sth./doing sth.逃避（责任或义务），不做份内的事，（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）15.be famous/well-known for 以/因著名，以闻名；be famous/known as 作为而著名 be famous/known to 为所知16.get/be married 结婚，get/be married to sb.和某人结婚 marry sb 嫁给/娶某人17.has/have been to 去过某地（几次）has/have gone to 去某地来（没回来）has/have been in 在某地待了多久。1 8.Lay eggs 产卵原形过去式过去分词现在分词lay v.产卵，放置laidlaidlayinglie v.躺laylainlyinglie v.说谎liedliedlying19.avoid doing 避免做某事20.remind sb.to do 提醒某人做某事 remind that 提醒 remind sb.of sth./doing sth 让某人想起21.danger dangerous 反义词：safety in danger 处于危险之中 out of danger 脱离危险22.at the beginning of 在之初 in the beginning of=at first 起初起先23.the number of=the total of 的数量，the number of+ns.谓单 a number of=many，许多；a large/great/small number of+ns.谓复24.warn sb.（not）to do sth.警告某人（不要）做某事。warn sb.about/of sb./sth 提醒某人注意某人或某事（可能有危险或不良后果）warn sb.that 警告、提醒某人25.go on a vacation 26.ask sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事。27.what happen to sb.某人发生了什么28.as soon as possible=as soon as sb.can29.jump off 跳下 run to 跑去30.cheer up 开心点，try out 试验、测验 give up doing 放弃做某事 give in 屈服 depend on sth.依赖于，取决于。31.up to 达到32.shake-shook-shaken shake hands with sb.和某人握手。33.get scared 受惊 run away 跑掉34.be（not）allowed to do（不）被允许做某事35.there is/are doing 这有正在做某事 There is a duck swimming in the river。36.escape from 逃脱37.by oneself=on ones own 靠某人自己。7二、词语辨析1.through,across 穿过through 指“从内部穿过”，其含义与 in 有关。across 指“从表面通过”，其含义与 on 有关2.nearly,almost 几乎，差不多 almost 表达的程度比 nearly 更接近一些。nearly 不能用于修饰否定词，但可被 not 修饰。3.above,over 在上方 above 介，表“在上方”，“比还高”，与 below 相反。over 也有“在正上方”，4.other 其他的 other people 其他的人 one/somethe other 一个/一些另一些 another 泛指三者之上的另一个 others 其他的人或事=other+人/事 one after another 一个接一个的，one another 彼此相互 another+two=two more 再来两个 any other（1）任何其他的 用于疑问句 e.gDo you have any other things for me （2）任何一个，Tom is stronger than any other student in his class。第四单元1.look into 研究，调查2.do an experiment 做一个试验3.fill/cover with 用把装满/盖住；fill in 填上4.upside down 向下翻转过来5.right side up 正面朝上6.turn over 使翻转 turn around 转身；turn into 变成；turn off/on/up/down 关闭/打开/调大点/调小点。7.in front of 在前面（在范围外）；in the front of 在前面（在范围内）8.on/at top of 在顶端9.take sth.off sth.使某物离开或脱离（一表面或边缘）；take off（指飞机等）起飞，匆忙离去；take sth.off（从身上）除掉、脱下（衣物等）take away 取走10.be/get ready for 为某事做准备 be/get ready/to do 准备做某事11.surprised 修饰人，surprising 修饰物。I was surprised to hear the surprising news。be surprised at doing 使惊奇 to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是,in surprise 吃惊13.a spoonful of 一匙14.dissolve in 溶化，溶解15.half full of 一半16.use up 用光，用完17.chat with sb.和某人聊天818.search for sth/sb 寻找，搜索，search+地点+for sb./sth.19.enter=go into=come into20.though=although(正式)都不能与 but 连用 可以和 still 和 yet 连用。21Keep kept keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事。keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事无停顿或停顿较短。22.花费It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.sb.+spends+money/time+on sth./(in)doing sth.sb.+pays+money+for sth.pay off 偿还 还清sth.+costs+sb.+money.注意：主语和后面的搭配。23.receive(get)sth.from sb.从某人那收到反义词 send/give accept 接受。I received the gift from you，but I cant accept it。24.if 引导状语从句“如果”Ill go if it doesnt rain。引导宾从“是否”=whether，whether or not I want to know if/whether he is well。25.cause sth.引起、引起某事 be caused by 由引起。cause sb.sth.=cause sth.for sb.给某人造成某事。26.less social 更少社交 no less than 不少于，more or less 或多或少。少：Little-less-least 修饰不可数 few-fewer-fewest 修饰可数 little，few 表否定 a little，a few 表肯定。He does this work with less money and fewer people。27.set up a time 约个时间 set up 建立、安排 set up a time to do sth.约个时间做某事28.how long 多长时间，答语：（For）+一点时间 how soon 多久 答语：In+一段时间 how often 多长时间一次 how wide 多宽？29.he has no brothers or sisters。他没有种地姐妹30.the key to success 成功的关键31.pass the exam 通过考试。32.grow up 长大，grow into 长成33.the meaning of the word.这个单词的意思34.take place 发生 take up 占据。Take care 小心35.far away from 远离 aside from=besides36.in seconds 几秒钟内37.too many 太多（可数）too much 太多（不可数）much too 太 so many/much 如此多。38.play a very important role in 在扮演了很重要的作用39.dream of sth/doing sth 梦想（做）某事 come true 实现。二、辨析1.find,look for,hunt，find out 找find 强调找的结果，意为“找到”9look for 强调动作过程，“寻找”hunt,hunt for sb.sth.意思寻找，寻找某人某物，与 look for 同义。find out 经过调查后找到第五单元1.go to.on foot=walk to.：步行去.2.Of course.=Sure.=Certainly：当然！3.take a ship=by ship 坐轮船 take a train=by train ride a bike=by bike take a car=by car take a boat=by boat4.a new type of：一种新型的.5.high-speed trains：高速列车6.in large numbers：大量的7.had better（not）do 最好（不要）做.8.in a hurry：匆忙与 hurry to do sth9.make presentation：发言；演讲10.glue sth onto.：把某物粘到.上11.at the front of：在.前面（强调平面空间）in the front of 强调立体空间。内部前面 in front of 在外部前面12.get+形容词=be/become+形容词：变得.13.in the future：在将来14.send sb from one place to another place：把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方 send sth.to sb.by通过发/寄给某人。15.learn about：学习关于.think about：思考；考虑 learn to do learn by16.present sth to：向.展示某物17.How much does/docost？=How much is/are?What is the price of？多少钱。回答：Its/Theyre18.Im afraid I cant afford it。我恐怕我负担不起。Afford to do sth.负担的起坐某事 Afford sth 负担得起。19.sale 名词卖，sell 动词 卖；for sale 待售，on sale 减价销售，sell out of 卖光。20.while （1）而，然而。You like sports，while I prefer music。（2）名词“一会儿，一段时间”lie down for a while （3）引导时间状语从句接延续性的动词。21.everyday 每天的，every day 每天22.include 动词，包含，+名/代/doing including 介词，包括在内 included 形容词，放于名词、代词后面。23.make sb.do 使某人做某事，make sb.adj.使某人怎么样1024.have a wonderful experience 有一次很棒的经历 gain experience in 从中获得经验 learn by/from/through experience 从经验中学到/懂得 by experience 凭经验25.wonder=want to know I wonder if/whether26.offer sth.提出某物，提供某物。offer to do 主动提出做某事 offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb 向某人提供某物 provide sb.with sth.向某人提供某物。27Succeed 动词 success 名词 successful 形容词 successfully 副词succeed in sth./doing sth.成功(做)某事have success in sth./doing sth.反义词 failurebe successful in sth/doing sth.fail to do sth：(未能做某事)fail in dong sth,做某事失败28.less than 少于，more than 多于29.Im not sure 我不确定 be sure of/about sth./doing sth.确信（做）某事，对（做）某事有把握 be sure to do sth 必定做某事，一定做某事 be sure+宾从。确信一定会30.catch their eye 抓住某人的目光。31.stand out 出色 杰出。32.make sense 有意义33.beef up 增强加强34.in different form 以不同形式35.move up 提升。36.give back=return37.be a great value to dui很有价值。the value of 的价值。38.help oneself 随便吃点。39.be similar in 在相似。40.get to know 开始了解，逐渐认识。41.be crazy about doing sth 对疯狂第六单元1.connect to：连接到.2.hear from sb=get/receive/have a letter from sb.收到某人的来信,hear of 听说3.in small groups：在小群体中4.in a short time：在短时间内5.thousands of：数以千计的 hundreds of：数以百计的6.answer the phone：接电话7.right now=at once：立刻；马上；现在8.take a message for sb：给某人留口信9.wait a moment：等一下10.chat on the Internet：网上聊天12.get/buy sth for sb：为某人买某物pete for 为奖品、比赛而竞争 compete against 和对手竞争 compete in（long jump）在某方面竞争14.feel like doing sth.=want to do sth：=would like to do sth.想要做某事15.set a new record 创造一项世界纪录 keep/hold a record。保持记录 break a record 打破记录16.have been standing 已经站了17.weigh 动词 weight 名词 提问重量：what is the weight of?How much does weigh?18.every four years.=every second year 每四年 every other day 每隔一天 every few days 每隔几天19.no matter which 无论哪一个=whichever no matter how=however20.stay the same 保持不变。21.stands for 代表22.touch ones heart 打动某人。23.be created by 被创造。24.defeat win beat 的辨析 defeat=beat，比 beat 正式打败对手，敌人 win 赢得奖品、奖励等。25.have an influence on/upon对.有影响 have a big/great/influence on 对有重大影响。26.in no time 立刻马上 in time 及时 on time 按时，at times 有时间或 from time to time 不时的。27.none of 一个也没，毫无。回答 how many/much 的问题 nothing 什么也没有。回答 what 的问题。Nobody/no one 一个也没有。回答 Who 的问题。28.do/try ones best to do sth。29.stay up too late 熬夜太晚。30.brush ones teeth。刷牙。31.be proud of sth./doing sth.=take pride in 以而自豪 be proud to do 作某事是自豪的 be proud that be the pride of 是是.的骄傲的骄傲32.how large/deep/thick/？多大/深/厚33.be amazed at 对惊奇34.at peace with 与和平相处 in peace 平平安安 安心pete fairly 36.the symbol of 的象征37.基数词变序数词的方法 1，2，3，特殊记（first，second，third），8 去 t，9 去 e。f 来把 ve 替（fifth），ty 变成 tie（twenty-twentieth）。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。（twenty-twotwenty-second）12第七单元1.be abroad：在国外 go abroad：出国2.pen pal：笔友3.travel around the world：环游世界4.four main oceans：四大洋5.give a report：作报告6.at the end=finally：最后7.keep doing sth：一直做某事8.look up 查找 look for，寻找 find，找到 find out 调查后找到9.population large/big/small population 提问：What is the population of?某地有多少人口 The population of+某地+is+数词。某地+has a population of+数词。10.cant wait=cant hardly wait 等不及，迫不及待 cant wait for/to do sth.11.increase to+具体数字 增加了 increase by+倍数/百分数 增加到12.two thirds 分数表达法 母序子基，分子大于 1，分母+s。13.must be treat well 必须被好好对待14.at the end of 在末尾 in the end 在最后 by the end of 到末为止15.translate 动词 translation 名词 翻译 translateinto把翻译成16.17.句型：祈使句，and+简单句 意为：怎么样，那么就