高中英语人教版选修6知识点汇总.doc

选修6Unit 1 Art核心单词1. faithn. 信任；信念；信心常用结构：break ones faith with sb. 对某人不守信用keep faith with sb. 守信于某人lose faith in 不再信任have faith in 相信; 信任in good/bad faith 真心诚意/虚情假意After repeated failure, he lost faith in himself.不断的失败之后，他对自己失去了信心。Faith can remove mountains. 信仰能移山。Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends. 不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。2. aimn. 目标；目的vi.&vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力What is your aim in life?你生活的目标是什么?常用结构：take aim (at) 瞄准aim at 向瞄准；旨在，针对aim high 胸怀大志;心气很高He aimed the gun at the enemy officer.他用枪瞄准了敌人的军官。Our factory must aim at developing new models of machines.我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。3. consequentlyadv.&conj. 所以，因而(=therefore)Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国，所以对中国了解得很少。联想拓展be consequent on/upon 因引起的； consequence n. 后果；结果；重要性be of consequence 重要的as a consequence=as a result 结果in consequence 由于as a consequence of=as a result of作为的结果in consequence of 由于；作为的结果He is a man of great consequence. 他是一个重要的人物。 4. possessionn. （尤作复数）所有；财产常用结构：in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物in the possession of/in ones possession 被拥有take/gain/get/have possession of sth.拥有某物When his father died, he came into possession of a large fortune. 父亲死后，他拥有了一大笔遗产。The people had to gather up their few possessions and escape from the hills. 人们不得不收拾仅有的财产，逃下山去。联想拓展possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 5. concentratevt. 集中,浓缩常用结构：concentrate on/upon集中在； 专心于concentrate ones attention/mind on 注意力集中在I quickly concentrated the camera on the children.我迅速把照相机的镜头对准孩子们。联想拓展pay attention to 注意focus on 集中(注意力,关心)于fix ones attention/eyes/mind on 集中精力/目光/心思在The children fixed their eyes on the teacher in class.孩子们聚精会神地听老师讲课。 6. attemptvt. 尝试；企图n. 努力；尝试；企图常用结构：attempt to do/doing=try to do/doing=make an attempt to do/doing 尝试做at ones first attempt 某人第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事make an attempt on sb.s life 企图谋杀某人attempt at/on sth.试图做某事They attempted to finish the task before July.他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。They attempted on the life of the dictator. 他们试图杀死这个独裁者。He made an attempt on the world record. 他试图打破世界纪录。Her attempt at poetry was a failure.她尝试写诗但失败了。易混辨析attempt/try/manageattempt为正式用语，常指一次的而不是连续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的，常包含“冒险”的意义。try为一般用语，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；后接不定式时表示“试图做某事”；后接动名词时表示“试着做某事”。manage表示“成功地做成某事”，强调结果。 7. scoren. 二十；划痕， 刻线； 欠帐； 得分， 成绩； 评分；乐谱v. 划线，做记号；记分，得分；谱曲Yao Ming scored again in the second half. 姚明在下半场时再次得分。常用结构:three score (of) people 60人make a good score 得分多;成绩好in scores 很多的， 大批的score out 划掉，删去联想拓展scoreboard n. 记分板/牌scorer n. 记分员；得分的运动员scores of 很多（前面不能加数词)温馨提示数词+score，不加of；但用a score of。score前有数词修饰，而且score后所修饰的名词前有the, those, these等表示限定的词时，必须加of。重点短语8. a great deal大量，许多We are living close to each other, so I see him a great deal. 我们住得很近，所以我经常碰到他。联想拓展量词短语归类:修饰可数名词复数的：many, a good/great many, a great/large(small) number of, hundreds (thousands/millions/billions) of, dozens of, scores of。修饰不可数名词的：a great/good deal of, much, much of, a large/great amount of。修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词的：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, part of, one third of, .percent of。温馨提示a great deal 可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词和副词的比较级，此时不加of。 deal用来表示“大量，相当多”时不用 large修饰，而习惯用 great/good来修饰。a great deal of表示“许多”时,只能修饰不可数名词。重点句型9. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。关于倒装句:表示方位的副词或介词短语位于句首，主语是名词，谓语是不及物动词，如 come, go, stand, sit, lie 等时，句子经常采用全部倒装的形式。In front of the house sat a small boy.房前坐着一个小男孩。There comes the bus. 车来了。Under the tree stand my English teacher and some of my classmates. 树下站着我的英语老师和几个同学。温馨提示如果主语是代词，而不是名词，句子不用倒装。Here you are. 给你。 Unit 2 Poems 核心单词1. conveyvt. 运送；传达；表达；转让(财产等)常用结构：convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/运送某物convey sth./sb. to someplace 把某物/某人送到某地convey ones feelings/thanks to sb. 向某人表达某种感情/谢意Passengers are conveyed by bus to the airport.旅客们被公共汽车送往机场。A wire conveys an electric current. 电线传导电流。I found it hard to convey my feelings in words. 我觉得难以用语言表达我的感情。The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son. 老农夫将农场转让给儿子。易混辨析convey/transfer/transportconvey基本含义指将物体从一地运送到另一地，或指语言、信息等的传递。也可表示财产的转让，但该词更强调通过法律手段转让财产或某种所有权。transfer主要指工作地点的变换、住所及物体的转移，还可指旅途中交通工具的变换，如转车、转船等。也可指把财产转让给他人。transport基本含义是运送。但该词通常局限于用交通工具运输货物和人。 2. transformv. 变成，彻底改变;转换；转化；改造常用结构：transform .into . 使变成 transform ones life 改变某人的一生transform to a new place 搬到新地方be transformed from 由变成；由迁到be transformed from A to B 由A处迁到B处Hard work transformed her completely into an ordinary housewife.艰辛劳动彻底把她变成了一个普通的家庭妇女。The company is transformed from a family business into one with 5，000 labours.这家公司已从家族企业变成一家拥有5,000名员工的大公司。联想拓展transformation n.改革；转变；变化 3. appropriateadj. 适当的；正当的v. 侵吞；盗用；挪用；拨(专款等)Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.在每个空白处填入一个适当的单词。The mayor was found to have appropriated government money.市长被查出挪用了公款。常用结构：an appropriate response/measure/method 恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施/方法be appropriate to/for 适于；合乎It is appropriate that . (从句中用可以省略should的虚拟语气形式）The government appropriated a large sum of money for building hospitals.政府拨了一大笔钱用来建造医院。联想拓展appropriately adv. 适当地4. loadn. 负荷物（尤指沉重的）,载重物；压力，负担，工作量 v. 装载；给负荷常用结构：a load of= loads of =plenty of 大量，许多take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顾虑 a heavy load for 对某人是一件重负load (up) .with . 用装load .onto/into . 把装到上去load off ones mind 去除某人的精神负担Supporting such a large family is really a heavy load for her.她养这么一大家子,负担真的很重。 I had loads of fun today. 我今天玩得很开心。She loaded film into the camera.她把胶卷装到照相机里。温馨提示load为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，否则要用被动语态。常见结构为：load (up) A with B或load (up) B onto (into) A；被动形式：A is loaded (up) with B或B is loaded (up) onto A。5. exchangen. 交换；交流；互换 vt. & vi. 调换；交换An exchange of opinions is helpful. 相互交换意见是有益的。An exchange of prisoners during a war is unusual. 战争时期很少交换俘虏。Well have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow. 明天我们将有机会交换看法。The store will not exchange goods without a receipt. 这家商店没有收据不予调换商品。常用结构：exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物in exchange for 交换exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物exchange looks 交换眼色exchange information 交流信息exchange greetings 互相问候;打招呼exchange words 相互交谈重点短语6. take it easy轻松；不紧张；从容Take it easy. Well take care of everything.放心好了，一切由我们照料。You should take it easy this weekend.这个周末你应该放松一下。Take it easy, and you will make it.别紧张，你会成功的。联想拓展take things easy 别紧张，慢慢来；从容不迫地进行工作take ones chance 碰运气take ones time 不匆忙；别着急；慢慢来take sb. Wrong 误解（曲解）某人的意思take sth. Seriously 认真地对待某事 7. run out of用完We are running out of our money.=Our money is running out. 我们的钱快花光了。I run out of breath. 我跑得喘不过气来。联想拓展run out of 意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。run out=become used up 意为“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。其他有关短语： run short of sth. 缺乏，短缺run short 不足；短缺give out （为不及物动词短语）用尽；分发；宣布；发出；精疲力竭use up （为及物动词短语）用完，消耗尽 8. make up of组成；构成（常用于被动结构）Girl students make up 40% of the student number. 女学生占学生总数的40%。 The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses. 这支医疗队由5名医生，10名护士组成。联想拓展make up 构成，组成；编造；化装make up for sth. 弥补be made up of= consist of .由构成，组成be made of 由做成(看得出原材料的样子)be made from 由做成(看不出原材料的样子)make out 分辨，辨认出be made in 在(地方)做成be made by 由(某人)制造make towards sth./make ones way to 向移动，朝走去Ill try to make up for the lost time. 我要尽力弥补失去的时间。 9. let out发出；放走Every time she moved her leg, she let out a moan. 每次她动一下腿，就会发出一声呻吟。Dont let out the plan to the press.别把这项计划泄露给媒体。He let out the bird from the cage.他把鸟从笼子里放走了。联想拓展let down 放下；使失望；给轮胎放气let alone 更不用提；更别说let ones hair down 无拘无束；放松一下let go 放开;松手let it go 算了；放手let in 让进来；放进来let off 放（炮）；投放（炸弹）；宽恕10. stay up挺住；站立；熬夜；不睡觉Our flag still stayed up after many attacks of the enemy.经过敌人的数次进攻之后，我们的红旗依然挺立。He stayed up late into the night yesterday.昨天他一直熬到深夜。联想拓展stay ahead (of) (比)领先； (走在的)前面stay away (from) 不在； 外出； 走开； 别接近stay behind 留下来不走；留在后面stay out 在外；不在家stay still 静止不动重点句型11. And said though strange they all were true. 尽管有点奇怪，但这些都是真实的。联想拓展在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相一致，且从句含动词be时，从句可用省略主语和动词be 的形式。在when it is+adj. 结构中，it is也经常省略。Ill go to Marys birthday party if invited to.(if invited to等于if Im invited to)如果受到邀请的话， 我就去参加玛丽的生日聚会。 What were you doing while staying at the hotel?(while staying .等于while you were staying .)待在宾馆的这段时间你在干什么？ Whenever (it was) possible, they would stop him and ask him the question.只要可能，他们就会让他停下问他这个问题。温馨提示在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中，也经常采用这种省略的形式。Unit 3 A healthy life核心单词1. stressn. 压力；重音vt. 加压力于；使紧张Too much work and stress does damage to your health. 过量的工作和压力会对你的健康有害。In the word “mother” the stress is on the first syllable. 在“mother”这个单词中,重音在第一个音节上。常用结构：under stress 在压力之下under the stress of 在的压力下stress sth.或lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物；给某物压力The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing.雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。联想拓展stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的高手过招2. accustomvt. 使习惯于常用结构：accustom oneself to=be accustomed to (其中to为介词)习惯于These people accustomed themselves to hard work.这些人习惯于艰苦的工作。I am not accustomed to being interrupted.我不习惯被别人打扰。He is accustomed to loneliness.他对孤独已经习以为常。联想拓展表示“习惯于”的短语还有：be/get used to doingadapt oneself to doingadjust oneself to doing3. quitvt. 停止(做某事)；离开常用结构：quit something 离开quit doing something 停止做某事He got his present job when he quitted the school.他退学后得到现在这份工作。Quit talking rubbish. 别胡说八道了。4. ashamedadj.感到羞耻的；感到惭愧的（常作表语)常用结构：be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth./sb./oneself 为做某事/某人/某人自己而感到惭愧be ashamed to be/to do sth. 因难为情而不愿意做be ashamed that . 为而感到惭愧或羞耻be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到惭愧I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed (of myself) now.我昨天表现得不好，现在感到很惭愧。She was ashamed to ask such a simple question.她不好意思提这么简单的问题。易混辨析ashamed/shameful/shamelessashamed 指事情使人感到羞耻，惭愧，难为情等。shameful 指事情或行为本身不道德。shameless指某人或行为是可耻的。高手过招5. effectn. 结果，效力；作用；影响(后接on/upon) I tried to persuade him, but with little effect.我尽力劝他，但他根本不听。 An effect presupposes a cause.有果必有因。常用结构：put/bring/carry .into effect 付诸实施in effect 事实上；实际上take effect 生效；奏效come into effect 开始实施;开始生效This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。The medicine began to take effect.药力开始生效了。6. riskn. 冒险；风险vt. 冒风险； 冒的风险常用结构：at risk 处于危险之中at all risks=at any risk 无论冒什么险;无论如何at ones own risk 由自己负责,自担风险at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的危险risk ones life 冒生命危险 run/take a risk/risks 冒风险run the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险risk doing sth. 冒险做If you dont obey me, you should be at your own risk.你如果不服从我的话，你应该自担风险。They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。重点短语7. due to由于；因造成；归功于；应给予；应属于Due to the foggy weather, the traffic moved very slowly.由于有雾，车辆行进缓慢。Our happy childhood is due to our fathers hard work.我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。The failure is due to his carelessness.失败是由于他的粗心造成的。 联想拓展表示“由于”的短语还有：because of因为,由于，常用作状语；on account of 比because of更正式，多用于书面语中；owing to构成的短语作状语，既能指积极的原因，也可指消极的原因；thanks to由于，多亏，常用于书面语，多表示正面的情况，有时也表示反面的情况；as a result of由于；in/as consequence of由于的缘故，常用于书面语中；in view of由于；鉴于（书面语）。8. be addicted to对上瘾；入迷；沉溺于(其中to为介词)常用结构：be addicted to sth./doing sth.=addict oneself to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于某种嗜好；醉心于某种活动Schoolboys are easier to be addicted than schoolgirls to net.男生比女生更容易上网成瘾。He was addicted to cocaine.他吸可卡因上瘾。He was addicted to gambling.他赌博成瘾。联想拓展addict vt. 使成瘾addict n. 入迷的人；有瘾的人addictive adj. 使成瘾的；上瘾的addiction n. 沉溺；成瘾；上瘾；入迷9. in spite of不顾;不管I went shopping in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，我还是出去买东西了。 I know whatever you try, youll win in spite of early difficulties我知道你无论做什么，不管最初多么困难，最终都会成功的。In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing. 我们不顾恶劣的天气仍去钓鱼。 易混辨析in spite of/despite/though/although这四个词(组)意思相近，但in spite of/despite后跟名词或动名词。而though/although是连词，引导让步状语从句。 10. get into陷入；染上（坏习惯）Im really getting into jazz these days.近来我喜欢上爵士乐了。I havent really got into my new job yet.我还没有真正熟悉我的新工作。常用结构：get into debt 负债累累get into trouble/deep water 陷入困境get into the habit of 养成的习惯Nobody likes to get into trouble. 没有谁愿意惹麻烦。联想拓展get along/on (with) 生活；融洽相处；进展；有起色get away 逃脱；离开；把送走get down (从)下来；吞下；写下；使沮丧get down to 开始认真考虑get in 进入；到达；收获；插入；陷入get off 下来；脱下；出发；开始get on 上车get on with sb. 与某人相处get over 爬过；克服；熬过；恢复get rid of 摆脱,除去get through 到达；做完；通过；渡过；打通get across 使通过；被理解重点句型11. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non smoker. 每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你（已经）是不吸烟的人了。every time在这里相当于连词，连接了两个分句；remind后面又跟了that引导的宾语从句。 时间状语从句通常由when, while, as before, after, as soon as 等从属连词引导，但有时也可由every time, each time，the moment, the day等引导，这时这类词或词组就起到相当于一个从属连词的作用。Each time I get a cold, I have a headache.每次感冒我都头疼。He phoned me the moment he reached Chicago.他一到芝加哥就给我打了电话。此外immediately, instantly, directly等词也可以引导时间状语从句。He made for the door directly he heard the knock.一听到敲门声他就跑去开门了。I got in touch with him immediately I received the letter.我一接到信就跟他联系了。Unit 4 Global warming核心单词1. subscribevi. 同意；捐赠；订阅vt. （签署）文件；捐助常用结构：subscribe to . 同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名subscribe sth. to . 捐助subscribe to/for . 订阅；订购(书籍等)He did not subscribe to my proposal. 他不赞同我的建议。He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund. 他向救济基金捐赠巨资。He subscribed his name to a petition. 他在请愿书上签名。2. tendvt. & vi. （常与to连用）有某种倾向；有的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。He tends to pitch the ball too high.他往往把球掷得过高。Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。The woman stayed at home to tend her child. 那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。3. opposevt. 反对； 反抗；对抗；（与to连用）使反对，使相对Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。My mother is opposed to the new plan. 我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。常用结构：as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于易混辨析 oppose/object/resistoppose 为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。 object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见”。resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”；“用武力阻止的前进”。 4. consequencen.C结果；后果；影响Im quite willing to accept the consequences. 我完全愿意承担后果。You should know the consequence of not studying hard.你应该知道不用功学习的后果。This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。常用结构：as a consequence (of .)=in consequence (of .)=as