四级翻译常用句型总结.doc

翻译的技巧和方法有很多，但是只有在构建了良好的句子结构的基础上，使用适当的技巧和方法才能起到画龙点睛的作用。下面列出了在历年真题中常见的三十个重点句型、例句及其译文，供考生参考。
　　1）It is＋形容词＋that
　　例如：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
　　可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。
　　2）It is＋形容词＋to do/ doing
　　例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.
　　她已经说了一切有必要说的话。
　　3）祈使句／名词＋and/ or
　　例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.
　　努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。
　　4）as＋many/ much＋名词＋as
　　例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。
　　5）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as
　　例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.
　　这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。
　　6) 倍数词+ more +名词／形容词十than
　　例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
　　吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。
　　7）（not）as/ so... as（和……（不）一样）
　　例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.
　　环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。
　　8）no more... than（与……一样不）
　　例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.
　　一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。
　　9）Nothing is more... than（没有比……更……的；……是最……的）
　　例如：Nothing is more important thanto receive education.
　　没有比接受教育更重要的事。
　　10）感官动词＋of＋名词
　　例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.
　　他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。
　　11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有）
　　例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．
　　出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。
　　12）may/ might as well（…as）（与其……还不如……）
　　例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.
　　与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。
　　13）too. . . to（太……而不能……；极其地）
　　例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。
　　14）only to find/ see（结果却；没想到会）
　　例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.
　　为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。
　　15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that（毫无疑问，……）
　　例如：There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.
　　毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。
16）rather than（而不是……）
　　例如：Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.
　　我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。
　　17）not... until（直到……才）
　　例如：We can't release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
　　直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。
　　18）so/ such（…）that（如此……以至于）
　　例如：With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.
　　在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法人睡。
　　19）(The) chances are that（很可能……）
　　例如：Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了，所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密。
　　20）It occurred to sb. that（突然想到……）
　　例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.
　　Cinderella从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。
　　21）not... but...（不是……而是……）
　　例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.
　　让我们失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏。
　　22）It is taken for granted that（……被认为是理所当然的）
　　例如：It has been taken for granted thatwomen should take on all the housework.
　　多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。
　　23）It is/ was said that（据说）
　　例如：It is said thatman is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.
　　据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。
　　24）When it comes to...（提及，当提到……的时候）
　　例如：When it comes to physics, I know nothing.
　　谈到物理学，我一无所知。
　　25）be not much of a…（是个不太好的……）
　　例如Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.
　　麦克不是个好老师，因为他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。
　　26）As far as sb.／sth. is concerned（就……而言，在……看来）
　　例如：As far as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.
　　在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。
　　27）not only... but also（不但……而且……）
　　例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.
　　莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。
　　28）(n) either...(n) or...（既不……也不……；或者……或者……）
　　例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.
　　他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐, 所以在电影院里睡着了。
　　29）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when刚……就……）
　　例如：I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.
　　我刚开门他就冲进来了。
　　30）the more…the more（越……越……）
　　例如：The fastera country's economy develops, the slower its population grows.
　　一个国家的经济发展越快，它的人口增长就越慢。
二、常用句型
　　1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
　　She had said what it was necessary to say.

　　2强调句型
　　It is not who rules us that is important   , but how he rules us.

　　3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)
　　He was all gentleness to her.

　　4、利用词汇重复表示强调
　　A crime is a crime a crime.

　　5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"
　　They say that he had no university education , but he seems to be something of a scholar.

　　6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。
　　Those pigs of girls eat so much.

　　7、as…as…can(may)be
　　It is as plain as plain can be.

　　8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)"
　　It is in life as in a journey.

　　9、"as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。
　　The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

　　10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。
　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

　　11、"to make…of"的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
　　I will make a scientist of my son.

　　12、oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式
　　She is too angry to speak.
13、only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式。
　　You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

　　14、"no more …than…"句型
　　A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

　　15、"not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even"可译为"甚至……还没有"。
　　The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .

　　16、"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。
　　Nothing is more precious than time.

　　17、"cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等
　　You cannot be too careful.

　　18、"否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等
　　Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

　　19、"否定+until(till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。
　　Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

　　20、"not so…but"和"not such a…but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。
　　He is not so sick but he can come to school.

　　21、"疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。
　　Who should write it but himself?

　　22、"who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。
　　Who knows but (that) he may go?

　　23、"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。
　　Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

　　24、"名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
　　A word, and he would lose his temper.
26.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说…
27.nothing else than 完全是，实在是
「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。                                                                                         28.more…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更.
「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.
「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而不是一些政客口头上是愿意承认这一点。