2019高考写作指导-《概要写作》方式及技巧.pdf

高中英语写作指导-概要写作该题型提供一篇 350 词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。(一一)高分要诀高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。原词 同义替换词 difficult demanding,challenging many numerous,quantities of a(large)number of/(large)numbers of+可数名词复数 plenty of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 a good/great many+可数名词复数 a large/huge amount of/large amounts of+不可数名词 many a+可数名词单数 bad negative 原词 同义替换词 good excellent,outstanding,extraordinary,remarkable big massive,enormous,tremendous,giant,vast,large,huge sad depressed(无望的,失落的);frustrated(沮丧的)abundant ample,plentiful,generous different various,a variety of,diverse doubted skeptical,suspicious(怀疑的)interesting amusing,entertaining brave courageous,bold,fearless rich wealthy poor needy 此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who 等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing 形式和过去分词做定语。5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。注意要点之间的衔接。概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:附加 in addition,and,similarly,likewise,as well as,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,and then,too,not only.but(also).,even,besides this/that 顺序 first(ly),initially,second(ly),to begin with,then,next,earlier/later,before this/that,after this/that,following this/that,afterwards 结果 as a result,result in,thus,so,therefore,consequently,it follows that,thereby,eventually,then,in that case,admittedly,accordingly 对比/转折 过渡 however,on the other hand,despite,in spite of,though,although,but,on the contrary,otherwise,yet,instead of,rather,rather than,whereas 肯定 obviously,certainly,plainly,of course,undoubtedly,apparently 条件 if/given,unless,as long as,whether,providing that,provided that,for,so that,depending on 定义 is,refer(s)to,means,that is,consist of 列举过渡 目的过渡 让步过渡 承接过渡 first of all first second third in the first place initially to start with furthermore in addition moreover whats more finally with the aim of for the sake of with a view to for the purpose of although it is true.that even though of course certainly admittedly indeed true as soon as as a matter of fact so to speak however as it were day after day year in and year out 举例 理由 时间 总结 as an illustration for instance one example for example just as in particular such as namely to illustrate a case in point take.for since by virtue of so given as a result of because(of)due to in view of on account of owing to the reason why in other words lead to for this reason before since as until meanwhile at the moment when whenever as soon as just as according to all in all to summarize in summary in conclusion as a consequence lastly by and large finally consequently to sum up hence 举例 理由 时间 总结 example as another example as another instance as still another example cause now that since on the ground that seeing.that thus to conclude in conclusion to recapitulate in general in short it follows that in brief on the whole 总括过渡词 表示时间 表示强调 比较 as a rule as far as I am concerned as for me economically speaking generally speaking in my opinion in my view in some at times after afterwards from then on immediately later meanwhile next now until while then above all after all in fact particularly that is anyway chiefly even worse more often than that similarly similar to the same as accordingly both.as at the same time in the same manner in a similar way in common 总括过渡词 表示时间 表示强调 比较 respects obviously on a large scale on a personal level practically speaking simplistically speaking to take the idea further most important of all needless to say no doubt to be sure in common equally important for one thing.for another likewise (二二)高分三注意高分三注意(三三)成篇三步骤成篇三步骤1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材料,如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。(2)画出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子;决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要;对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。(3)简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。2.写作(1)尽量用自己的话完成,不要直接引用原文的句子。(2)应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序,这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。(3)写概要写作时可以采用下列几种小技巧:删除细节,只保留主要观点。选择一至两个例子:原文中可能包括五个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至两个例子。把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子:如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。避免重复:在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明,但是这在概要写作中是不能使用的;应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。压缩长句。附 1:概要写作常用句式:First argues At the beginning the author writes,states that In the first part the reporter points out what In the introduction explains,mentions why the reader is informed In the next part In the main part the reader is informed about the theory First;Second the author goes on with the data/question that Then;Afterwards we are told about the statistics what Moreover we read/hear about the belief why In addition to that the author examines the argument if In the end the author emphasizes Finally the writer concludes that At last the poet finds the solution what The final part/section the journalist adds/stresses why As a conclusion the reporter pretends if Summing up his/her thoughts the scientist hints 附 2:(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with.The article focuses on the topic of.(2)表示研究的结论The result showed that.The author found that.It was concluded that.(3)表示推荐、观点或建议The author suggests/considers that.Suggestions are made for.3.修改成文