-中考英语复习之简单句.doc

2016年中考英语复习之简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
一、简单句的五大基本句型
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2.主语+谓语+宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+系动词+表语

★常见的双宾语动词:
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.为某人做某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
★可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 。 
We call this kind of flower rose. Who left/kept the door open/closed? Let him out.
介词短语用作宾补常表示宾语所处的状态，它们之间亦具有逻辑主表关系。如：
Make yourself at home. They found everything in good order.　　
充当宾补的不定式有：
a.动词不定式必须带to。这类动词有tell, ask, order, like, wish, want, expect, invite.
b.动词不定式省略动词不定式符号to。这类动词有:feel,listen to, hear,let, make,look at, see, watch, notice,但这类动词在变被动时，要加上动词不定式符号to
I often hear him sing in the next room.
现在分词作宾补则表示宾语和宾补动作正在进行。
现在分词作宾补与宾语之间存在主动关系，过去分词作宾补与宾语之间则为被动关系。

二、陈述句(陈述句分为肯定句和否定句)
陈述句用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法，句末用句号。
否定句的结构有:
a.含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定形式，直接在后面加not。
b.含有实义动词的否定形式,要根据相应的人称和时态,借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
c.还可以用(no,never,no one, nobody,nothing,neither of, none of,little,few,seldom,hardly,too... to...)来构成否定形式。

三、疑问句(疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定疑问句)
1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问事物或情况是否属实，需要对方用Yes/No给予肯定或否定回答。在回答时，要注意肯定一致与否定一致。

2.否定疑问句通常是以be动词/情态动词/助动词+not开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气，注意回答时Yes或No的意思。(难道……不……?)
--- Don't you know the boy? ---Yes,I do.(Yes,I know the boy) ---No,I don’t.(No,I don’t know the boy)

3.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
a.如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序一致；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用疑问词+一般疑问句”的结构。
What is your name? Which one is Bob? Whose book is this?
b.常见的特殊疑问词及其用法
用how long(多长时间,多久)提问，通常用for/since来回答；用how often(多久一次)提问，通常用频度副词或表示频率的短语来回答；用how soon(多久以后)提问，通常用in+时间段来回答；用how far(多远)提问距离。

4.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况进行回答的问句叫选择疑问句。
a.一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分?
---Do you likes apples or oranges? --- I like apples.
b.特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句，A or B？
---Which would you like better, tea or coffee? --- I like coffee.

5.反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加问句”组成,问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步的证实.
①.当前面的陈述句是肯定句时,后面用否定形式进行反问,即前肯后否.Tom is a student,isn't he?
②.当前面的陈述句是否定句时,后面用肯定形式进行反问,即前否后肯.Tom isn't a student,is he?

附加问句的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一致,谓语在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。
①.陈述部分含有no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, neither of, none of, little, few, seldom, hardly, too... to... 等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定结构；但陈述部分带有否定前缀、后缀的词unhappy, important，dislike时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。
②.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用be there。
③.陈述部分的主语是指事/物的不定代词时(everything/nothing/anything/something),疑问部分主语代词用it.
④.陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词时(everybody/everyone/anybody/anyone/somebody/
someone/ nobody/no one/none/neither),疑问部分的主语代词用they.
⑤.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。
⑥.陈述部分出现I am...时，反意疑问句用aren't I。
⑦.肯定祈使句的疑问部分用will you,否定祈使句的疑问部分用will you；以Let's开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we；但以Let us/me开头的祈使句，疑问部分用will you?
⑧.陈述部分出现have/has/had时，
→在一般现在时/一般过去时表示“有”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;
→have/has/had to表示“不得不”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;
→have/has/had表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;
→had better表示“最好的意思，疑问部分借助助动词did;
→have/has/had出现在完成时，疑问部分用have/has/had;
⑨.陈述部分出现must时,
→must表示“必须”之意时，疑问部分要用needn’t.
→must表示推测，表“一定”之意时，疑问部分的谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?
The man must be Mr Wang,isn’t he? Tom must be at home，isn't he?
⑩.在宾语从句中，若主句主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine时，疑问部分用肯定结构还是否定结构关键看主句，疑问部分的主语和谓语要与从句一致。
(11).当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。
I don't think he will come, will he?
(12).当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致，随时间和人称而变化.
所谓还原法，就是先把句子还原成一个不带must推测意味的句子。
如He must be a teacher.→He is a teacher.其反意疑问句为isn’t he?
You must have waited for a long time.→You have waited for a long time.其反意疑问句haven’t you?
注意：1、在must 表示现在情况的推测时，要注意主语对还原后句子谓语动词的影响。
如：a.He must be ill at home, isn’t he?（还原为He is ill at home.）
b.They must be ill at home, aren’t they?(还原为They are ill at home.)

2、must 表示对过去的情况推测时，要注意句意和时间状语对还原后句子时态的影响。如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等时间状语的句子还原后句子为完成时；而含有last night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等时间状语的句子则还原为过去时。如：
He must have seen her in the street yesterday, didn’t he?（还原为：He saw her in the street yesterday.）
He must have learned English for more than 10 years, hasn’t he?（还原为：He has learned English for more than 10 years.）

6.反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用yes;若果答案是否定的，则用no.
---Lucy skates very well,doesn’t she? ---Yes,she does.( Yes,she skates very well
---No,she doesn’t(No,she doesn’t skate very wel)
---You don’t like eating apples,do you？---Yes,I do.( Yes,I like eating apples)
---No,I don’t like eating apples.
四、感叹句
1. What + a/an +形容词 + 单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！
2. What +形容词 +可数名词复数形式+ (主语+谓语)！
3. What +形容词 +不可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！
4.How +形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！
5. How + 形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词 +(主语+谓语)！
6.How + 句子（陈述语序）！ How time flies! 光阴似箭！ How I miss you! 我多么想你呀！
感叹句做题步骤:找谓语→定主语→判断划线前单词的词性→确定感叹词(what/how)
(1) fine weather it is today!
A.What a B.How C.How a D.What
(2)--- colorful flowers they are!
---Yes.They were planted to make our city more beautiful.
A.What a B.How C.How a D.What
(3) amazing NBA game it was!It attracted many audiences.
A.What a B.How C.What D.What an
(4)--- brave Zhang Hua is! ---Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs. Sun,out of the fire.
A.What a B.How C.How a D.What
(5)--- day it is! ---Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!
A.What a lovely B.How windy C.How wet D.What a rainy

五、祈使句 祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等语气,通常无主语,please也可以省略。
1.祈使句的类型
a.肯定式祈使句(动词原形+其他成分) Come in, please.
b.否定式祈使句(Don’t + 动词原形+其他成分) Don’t smoke in the hospital.
c.以let开头的祈使句
Let’s+动词原形+其他成分。Let’s go to school.
Let’s not +动词原形+其他成分。Let’s not go to the movies.
d.No+名词/动名词。No parking! No photos!
2.祈使句的回答
---Please listen to me carefully. ---Yes,I will.
---Don’t open the window. ---Sorry,I won’t.
3.祈使句，and/or+陈述句。(此句型中陈述句要用一般将来时)
Work harder,and you’ll get good grades.
Hurry up,or you won’t catch up with the early bus.

( )1.---Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.
---Really? exciting news!( 2015长沙)
A.How B.What an C.What
( )2.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. great courage he showed! (2015苏州)
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
( )3.---Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
---Wow! beautiful music! I like it very much. （2015安顺）
A.What B.How a C.What a D.How
( )4.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again. （2015杭州）
A.how happy was he B.how happy he was C.how was he happy D.how he happy was
( )5.---_____ nice day today! ---Yeah, let’s take a walk outside. （2015娄底）
A.What a B.What C.How
( )6.---The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.
--- bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? （2015襄阳）
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
( )7.--- is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?
---Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.（2015安徽）
A.Who B.How C.What D.Which
( )8.--- does your father go to the fitness center? ---He exercises there twice a week.(2015福州)
A.How soon B.How often C.How long
( )9.--- will the invitations be sent to our guests? ---In three days. （2015广州）
A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far
( )10.--- is it from the New Town to the old city centre ---Less than 30 minutes by underground. (2015无锡)
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far

( )11. is it from your home to school? （2015克拉玛依）
A.How far B.How long C.How soon D.How often
( )12.--- do I need to feed the pet dog? ---Twice a day. （2015泰安）
A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often
( )13.Listen up, everybody! Show me your licence. Don’t ask . Just do it!（2015无锡）
A.what B.when C.how D.why
( )14.---Could you please tell me you will go to HongKong on business?
---Sure. I prefer to take a plane.( 2015泰安)
A.whether B.why C.when D.How
( )15.---Wow! beautiful the music is! ---Yes. That’s my favorite. （2015济宁）
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
( )16.--- does Bob usually go to work? ---He usually rides his bike. （2015武威）
A.What B.Who C.Where D.How
( )17.--Could you tell me it is from the nearest shop to our school?
---About five minutes’ walk.( 2015自贡)
A.how long B.how far C.How many
( )18.---You come to school early every day. is it from your home to school?
---It’s only about one kilometer. （2015襄阳）
A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far
( )19.--- can you finish your homework? ---In about one and a half hours.(2015益阳)
A.How fast B.How soon C.How often
( )20.--- did you work out the problem in such a short time? ---With Mr. Li’s help.(2015重庆A/C卷)
A.When B.Where C.How D.Which

( )21.---Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me the bus arrives? ---Sure. At 9:00.
A.where B.when C.why D.how
( )22.We have to finish the work now, ?（2015呼和浩特）
A.don’t we B.haven’t we C.have we D.do we
( )23.---Don’t be late for school next time, ? ---No, I won’t. （2015安顺）
A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you
( )24.Nancy, seep the classroom, ?
A.don’t you B.do you C.will you D.doesn’t she
( )25.---It’s Father’s Day today, ? ---Yes, let’s buy a gift for Dad. （2015益阳）
A.isn’t he B.doesn’t it C.isn’t it
( )26.He hardly goes to school by car, he?( 2014铜仁)
        A. does          B . doesn’t         C. is          D. isn’t
( )27.--- will the fog and haze last? ---I’ve no idea. There is no sign of an end. (2014连云港) 
A. How soon  B. How far    C. How long   D. How often
( )28.--- does your cousin usually go to work on foot?
              ---He says it’s good for his health. (2014重庆市A)
A. Where        B. When        C. Why         D. How
( )29.--- have you been in Chongqing?  ---For five hears. (2014重庆市B)
A. How many    B. How soon    C. How much    D. How long
( )30.--- are you always staying up so late these days?
---To prepare for my final exam.(2014济宁) 
A. How        B. Why          C. When        D. Where 

( )31.--- do you like Huo Zun’s “Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠帘)”?
---Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful music. (2014东营) 
         A. Why       B. How      C. When      D. What
( )32.--- do you go to the sports club? ---At least once a week. (2014苏州)
A. How long       B. How often       C. How much    D. How far
( )33.--- people are there in your family? ---Three. (2014北京)
        A. How often      B. How long       C. How many    D. How much
( )34.--- are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy?
            ---To learn about different styles of school uniform. (2014南京)
         A. What         B. Where         C. Why           D. Which
( )35.---We can invite our teachers to the farewell party next Saturday.
             ---Yes, ? I’ll call them at once. (2014南京) 
         A. what for       B. what        C. why not        D. why
( )36.--- ? ---He is of medium build and has straight hair. (2014昆明) 
A. What does his uncle do         B. What does his uncle look like
C. What can his uncle do          D. What is his uncle doing   
( )37.---Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, DAD?
             --- . I think it’s quite moving and funny. (2014昆明)
A. Yes, I have    B. No, I haven’t    C. Yes, he has    D. No, she hasn’t
( )38.Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi is well-known, ? (2014昆明) 
A. isn’t it         B. was it          C. is it          D. wasn’t it
( )39.---Judy’s never been late for school, she?
             --- . She is always the first to get to school every morning. (2014达州)
A. is; Yes       B. has; No         C. isn’t; Yes      D. hasn’t; No
( )40.--- will the breakfast be ready? It’s late for work. ---In a minute. (2014甘肃白银)
         A. How soon     B. How often     C. How long     D. How much

( )41.--- will the dinner be ready?    ---Just a minute. (2014宁波)
         A. How much      B. How long      C. How soon      D. How often
( )42.---Excuse me, Sir. is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?
             ---Well, only about five minutes’ walk. (2014湖州) 
          A. How often     B. How long      C. How far       D. How soon
( )43.--- does your cousin usually go to work on foot?
---He says it’s good for his health. (2014重庆C)
          A. Where           B. When          C. Why            D. How
( )44.--- do you like the film , American Captain 3?
---It’s wonderful! I like it very much.( 2014丽水) 
         A. How         B. Who         C. What          D. When
( )45.--- will your father come back from Beijing? ---In two days. (2014泰安)
         A. How often    B. How long     C. How far        D. How soon
( )46.--- are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day? ---A T-shirt. (2014德州)
         A. What         B. When         C. Where        D. How
( )47.---Look at the flowers I gave you last month. They are dying! do you water them?
             ---Sorry, I  forgot to water them. (2014菏泽) 
         A. How long     B. How often     C. How soon      D. How much
( )48.--- do you go to Weifang Theatre? ---Once a month.(2014潍坊)            
A. How soon     B. How often     C. How much     D. How long
( )49. wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. (2014重庆市A)
A. Don’t       B. Doesn’t        C. Aren’t         D. Can’t
( )50.---Sorry I’m  late.  --- tell me the bus broke down again! (2014广州)
          A. Never to    B. Not   C. Don’t       D. No

( )51.--- sweet music! Do you like it?  ---Mm, it beautiful! (2014铜仁)
A. How; listens   B. How a; sounds    C. What a; listens    D. What; sounds
( )52.---The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters 
Dictation Com¬petition in Jiangsu.
--- exciting news it is! (2014连云港)
A. What   B. How     C. What an   D. How an
( )53. delicious these beef noodles are! (2014年临沂)
A. What         B. How         C. What a    D. How a
( )54.Look! happily the chil dren are playing over there! (2014甘肃白银)
         A. How         B. What         C. What a         D. H