高考英语阅读理解专项训练之一词义猜测.doc

2007年高考复习资料 阅读理解专项训练
高考英语阅读思路专项训练之一 猜测词义
一、词义理解题常见的题型有:
The author uses the word “…” to mean ____.
The underlined word (phrase, term) “…” means _____.
According to the passage, the word “…” properly means _____.
The word “…” in paragraph … refers to ____.
By “…”, the author means _____.
which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?
What is “…”?
二、猜测词义方法
1）Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；
He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
The underlined word means____.
A.strong B. firm C. kind D. clever
2) Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义
1.Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.
A.to work to live B. to eat to live C. to teach to live D. to pay to use
2. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A.students B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage D. people who listen to something
3) Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。
1. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
4) Guessing from Comparison and Contrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；
Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.
A. town B. capital C. country D. house
5) Guessing word from description exemplification 通过描述和例证猜词
1. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers
2. (2001 A) …… The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices – deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite. …
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
6) Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick
3. “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker He was just Joe Everybody.”(02年E篇)
74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _____.
A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary
C. Dave was showy D. Dave was shy
7) Guessing word from Cause and Result通过原因与结果关系猜词
Eg. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”.
The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy C. a rest D. something nice to eat
8) Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
前缀over-的意思是“过分的、过量的”故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的”。
三、限时训练
1.Charls asked me the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house.
a. sum of money b. Load c. tool
2.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
a. very tall b. very poor c. very rich
3.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
a. became sweeter b. became red c. became dry
4.The bullet hit and maimed the young solider for life.
a. wounded b. saved c. beat
5.That old man was so descepit that he could hardly walk.
a. weak b. strong c. healthy
6.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.
a. direct b. indirect c. straight
7.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one way.
a. small b. large c. dull
8.The wind made the kite soar high above the trees in the park.
a. run b. fly c. sail
9.Some of the prospectors who came to California to find gold and silver were successful.
a. engineers b. doctors c. miners
10.A lot of men were killed during the fierce battles of the American Civil War.
a. peaceful b. violet c. ugly
11. A tropical rain forest is very lush because it receives much rain.
a. green b. yellow c. brown
12.The land is fertile; the farmers can grow many kinds of crops there.
a. fruitful b. fruitless c. poor
13.Unfortunately, the farmer discovered too late that the land he had bought was barren.
a. fruitful b. poor c. rich
14.trying to control a wild animal can be perilous.
a. dangerous b. easy c. interesting
15.The professor was chosen to teach the course because of his expertise on the subject.
a. interest b. drive c. knowledge
16.The cake was so scrumptions that Cindy ate quite a few pieces.
a. bad b. delicious c. hard
17.Some children eat too many sweets and their teeth become decayed.
a. bad or rotten b. good and strong c. nice and clean
18.John moved from New York to a small farm because he prefers rural living.
a. city b. town c. country
19.It was difficult to keep law and order in the Old west because of all the outlaws.
a. lawkeepers b. lawbreakers c. lawmakers
20.The city was devastated by the powerful earthquake.
a. destroyed b. repaired c. built
21.I begged the family not to kill the wild animals, and they finally listened to my pleas.
a. requests b. questions c. suggestions
22.As the fat man sat down, the chair collapsed under him, with a loud noise of tearing canvas.
a. rose b. broke c. jumped
23.Your library permit expires next month. If you want to borrow more books, you must request a new one.
a. starts b. begins new c. ends
24.The whole region is sparsely populated; our nearest neighbor lives ten miles away.
a. thinly b. thickly c. over
25.Instead of complaining to me that you are ailing, you should see a doctor to find out what's wrong with you.
a. well b. ill c. hungry
26.Not wanting to disturb the sleeping little cat, I gingerly lift her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.
a. careless b. hurriedly c. carefully
27.The man behaved furtively and the policeman thought he might be the thief who stole the money.
a. secretly b. bravely c. slowly
28.My first impression of Tom was really not good.he did his homework haphazardly. In a short essay of 500 words, there were 30 spelling mistakes.
a. skillful b. carelessly c. carefully
29.The old house is in perfect conditions because it has recently been renovated.
a. restored b. damaged c. destroyed
30.The president resumed his speech after the audience had stopped appauding.
a. stopped b. went on with c. gave up
31.Joe built a new house in a remote area of the desert so that he could be away from the city.
a. near b. beautiful c. faraway
32.Jack was thrilled to find out that he had won a special award for his work.
a. angry b. nervous c. excited
33.Very small infants who are still feeding on their mother's milk are protected from colds and other diseases.
a. babies b. grown-ups c. nurses
34.Mary is very prudent with her money;therefore, she never buys expensive things.
a. free b. careful c. careless
35.Jane dominated the conversation so much that nobody else had a chance to speak.
a. controled b. spoke c. dismissed
36.Large freighters carry all kinds of goods or products across oceans to foreign countries.
a. controled b. spoke c. dismissed
37.The piolot increased the altitude of the airplane in order to avoid the rain clouds.
a. height b. weight c. speed
38.Ancient mariners made long voyages across the ocean before finding Hawaii.
a. nomads b. seamen c. airmen
39.That man is so sick that the doctors will isolate him from the rest of the patients in the hospital.
a. put b. separate c. treat
40.The mountain climbers will reach the summit in a few hours.
a. foot b. side c. top
41.John does not like swimming; therefore he does not take part in aquatic sports.
a. relating to air b. relating to water c. relating to land
42.The newly married couple took a romantic cruse to several islands in the Caribbean on an excellent boat.
a. trip by water b. trip by land c. trip by air
43.Because of the heavy rain, a flood was imminent.
a. likely to go b. likely to fall c. likely to come
44.After Mark lost his job, his future looked very bleak.
a. Bright and cheerful b. hopeless and discouraging c. hopeful and encouraging
45.It was so cozy by the fire that we hated to go out into the cold.
a. warm and comfortable b. clean and dry c. dirty and wet
46.After the attack on civilians or people by army troops, a committee met to try to discover what could have provoked such an action.
a. prevented b. led to c. kept
47.Blind people meet with countless difficulties in their lives but, happily, they succeed in coping with many of them so they can live near-normal lives.
a. catching up with b. dealing with c. keeping up with
48.For example, if a pilot averts a plane crash by making a safe emergency landing, he may laugh as he descrides hif experience.
a. avoids b. awaits c. awakes
49.We did not have time to read the whole novel, so the teacher prepared a synopsis for us.
a. details b. everything c. summary or outline
50.Since Mr. Walter did not expect to speak and had not prepared anything, his talk was an impromptu one.
a. without preparation b. with full preparation c. uninteresting
51.The town wakes up, alive and moving. Workmen, wagons, men, boys, all go hurrying from many sections to a common center, the pier, because a steamboat is coming.
a. theatre or cinema b. airport or bus station c. a kind of dock or port
52.There are times when one wants to be surrounded by people; there are also times when one needs solitude.
a.rest b. the state of being alone c. a lot of friends
53.The tired soldiers trudged through knee-deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep in.
a. walked heavily or difficultly
b. walked lightly and sadly
c. walked easily and happily
54.In the past, the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
a. order b. disorder or disturbance c. rest and stability
55.Roses seem to thrive under certain conditions; the more sunlight and water they receive, the more beautiful they are.
a. grow badly and poorly b. grow just so and so c. be strong and healthy
56.Some large houses have a den in addition to a living room and a dining-room.
a. a kind of furniture b. a kind of room c. a kind of bookshelf
57.People who suffer from emphysema have trouble breathing.
a. illness of the lungs b. medicine for colds c. person witn troubles
58.A clogged pipe, like a stuffed-up nose, will not allow anything to pass through it.
a. open and clear b. sore and painful c. closed-off
59.he was a green worker and needed a lot of training.
a. worker in green b. worker in the green c.worker without expereience
60.He is lazy and does not want to work hard. As a result he is in the red now.
a. in debt b. wealthy c. in red

6
词义猜测 第 页 湖南省第一高级中学 文建光