2020上海长宁、金山区高考英语一模.doc

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Grateful Patient
I took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21) _______ U wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I didn’t have the courage (22) _______ (watch) any creature in pain.
At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23) _______ a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four-month-old puppy had been hit by a car.
The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24) _______ the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, (25) _______ (sew) him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken multiple bones, including his back. (26) _______ _______ he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.
The day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.
Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s (27) _______ (crowed) waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman ran toward me. I found (28) _______ pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws（爪子）on my shoulders, washing my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!
I still tear up in amazement (29) _______ the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago. I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it (30) _______ (rescue) in one way or another.

Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. achievement B. captured C. championed D. conveniently E. distract
F. executive G. manageable H. memorable I. publicizing J. reluctantly
K. reveal
Marketing the Moon
An astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) __31__ moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR (Public Relations) team.
Richard Jurek is a marketing __32__ and co-author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive viral event that __33__ the world’s attention.”
Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only ___34___ a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It ___35_its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that ___36___.” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.
As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo ___37___, didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would ___38___ from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the ___39___ itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.
Come landing day, which ___40___ fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top ___41___ are work, money, the economy and health.
Although everyone faces stress, people react to it ___42___. “There’s the situation, how we ___43___ the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma. ____44____ experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improve with age. “A high school student or a college student might not have those ___45___ skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.
Most ___46___have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodily changes for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental ___47___. To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.
____48___, the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a(n) ___49___ home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early-life ___50___ actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble ___51___ when it really matters. It can be just as ___52___ as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s suggested that early - life neglect or suffering ___53___ the body’s stress pathways.
Even before birth, a child can ___54___ parental stress. The phenomenon is well - demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association ___55___. For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.
41. A. stressors B. responses C. secretes D. concerns
42. A. appropriately B. differently C. normally D mentally
43. A. improve B. influence C. describe D. evaluate
44. A. Valuable B. Professional C. Previous D. Constant
45. A. coping B. living C. learning D. acting
46. A. adults B. researchers C. students D. monitors
47. A. functions B. disorders C. variations D. abilities
48. A. By the way B. In some cases C. On the contrary D. As a result
49. A. independent B. distinguished C. unstable D. extended
50. A. education B. experience C. involvement D. difficulty
51. A. racing up B. showing up C. taking up D. keeping up
52. A. impressive B. insignificant C. positive D. unhealthy
53. A. smooths B. follows C. dulls D. destroys
54. A. endure B. relieve C. increase D. inherit
55. A. between animals B. in humans C. with society D. of importance

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.
It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It’s covered in mass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inseets. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they’re there because of all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.
I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I’m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I’m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird. We’ll be staring at each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I write this -- the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.
As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.
56. The flat that author lives in is _________.
A. built in an ancient tree B. hugged by a giant tree
C. decorated with branches D. surrounded by a garden
57. In the author’s description, she implies that ___
A. birds keep her warm company B. she has been living on tree products
C. moss makes her flat nice and cool D. she has been bothered by the insects
58. What does the author really treasure?
A. A close - to - nature life. B. A luxurious garden.
C. A spacious house. D. A sociable neighbor.
59. Which of the following can be used to express the author’s feeling?
A. Jealous. B. Inferior. C. Content. D. Passionate.

(B)
The Sleep of Your Dreams
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of us don’t get nearly enough shut-eye. Our collective tiredness has promoted a $41 billion market for devices promising more -- and higher - quality -- sleep. In my everlasting search for downtime, I tested some of the most promising ones. Here’s how they stacked up.
Eight sleep tracker
$299
This mattress（床垫）topper fits under a sheet and “turns any bed into a smart bed,” according to Eight. While I slept, the sensor - decorated pad gathered data like heart rate, periods of deepest sleep, and number of turns. It was easy to use, and I liked the warming feature, which let me set each side of the bed to a different temperature.
REM Score :8 (out of 10)
Dream-pad pillow
$149 and up
The Dream-pad uses smooth soundscapes to help you power down. Connect the device to your phone via Bluetooth or USB, and the pillow emits soft music, audible only to you as you lay your head down. There are ten tracks on offer. I didn’t drift off any faster with the Dream-pad, but it did help me fall back asleep when I woke up at night.
REM Score: 6
Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution
$299
My eight-hour restful happiness is frequently interrupted by my husband’s snoring. The Smart Nora relieves me of the need to push him. When the bedside audio sensor detects a breathing disturbance, it slowly blows up the offender’s pillow, gently shifting them into a freer - breathing position. My husband sometimes woke up briefly but was soon asleep again.
REM Score: 8
Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System
$149
The Nightingale is hi - tech. Two app - enabled units wrap the room in a blanket of warm sound. You can also program the system to provide weather and traffic information when you wake up. The only downside: in standby mode, it emits a faint noise.
REM Score: 9
* REM: rapid eye movement (describes a period of sleep during which you dream and your eyes make small movements)
60. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they _________.”
A. make sense to manufacturers B. get stuck in stores
C. are compared with each other D. are piled up together.
61. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?
A. Dream-pad pillow B. Eight sleep tracker
C. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System
62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.
B. The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.
C. Soft music is applied to all these four devices.
D. One in three people suffer from sleep problem.

(C)
An epidemic is the occurrence of a disease which affects a very large number of people living in an area and which spreads quickly to other people. Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are spreadable. But way some travel far and wide while equally good ones remain in relative insignificance has been a mystery. Now a team of computer scie