历年职称英语考试试题及答案.doc

历年职称英语考试试题及答案
2014年职称英语考试真题、模拟题尽收其中,千名业界权威名师精心解析，精细化试题分析、完美解析一网打尽！在线做题就选针题库：http：//
2013年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案（完整版）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题,每题1分，共15分)
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.
　　1。 the rules are too （rigid） to allow for human error.
　　a。 inflexible
　　b. general
　　c. complex
　　d. direct
　　2. this species has nearly （died out) because its habitat is being destroyed.
　　a. turned dead
　　b. passed by
　　c。 carried away
　　d。 become extinct
　　3。 the contract between the two companies will （expire) soon.
　　a. shorten
　　b。 end
　　c。 start
　　d。 resume
　　4。 three world-class tennis players came to （content) for this title。
　　a. argue
　　b。 claim
　　c. wish
　　d. compete
　　5. the methods of communication used during the war were （primitive）.
　　a. simple
　　b. reliable
　　c。 effective
　　d。 alternative
　　6. respect for life is a (cardinal） principle of the law.
　　a。 moral
　　b. regular
　　c. fundamental
　　d. hard
　　7. the drinking water has became （contaminated） with lead.
　　a。 polluted
　　b. treated
　　c。 tested
　　d. corrupted
　　8。 come out， or i’ll (bust) the door down.
　　a. shut
　　b。 set
　　c. break
　　d. beat
　　9. she （shed） a few tears at her daughter’s wedding。
　　a。 wiped
　　b. injected
　　c. produced
　　d。 removed
　　10. they didn’t seem to appreciate the （magnitude） of the problem.
　　a. existence
　　b. importance
　　c。 cause
　　d. situation
11。 the tower remains （intact） ever after two hundred years.
　　a. unknown
　　b. unusual
　　c. undamaged
　　d。 unstable
　　12。 many experts remain (skeptical） about his claims.
　　a。 doubtful
　　b。 untouched
　　c。 certain
　　d. silent
　　13. the proposal was （endorsed） the majority of members.
　　a。 rejected
　　b。 submitted
　　c. considered
　　d。 approved
　　14. rumors began to (circulate) about his financial problems.
　　a. send
　　b. spread
　　c. hear
　　d. confirm
　　15. the police will need to keep a （wary） eye on this area of town。
　　a. naked
　　b. cautious
　　c。 blind
　　d. private
答案：1——15 adbda caccb cadbb
第2部分:阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。
　　mau piailug ， ocean navigator
　　16. at the time of his voyage, mau had unique navigational skills。
　　a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
　　17. mau was familiar with the sea around tahiti。
　　a。 right b。 wrong c. not mentioned
　　18. mau could not afford a compass or charts。
　　a。 right b. wrong c。 not mentioned
　　19。 mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.
　　a. right b。 wrong c. not mentioned
　　20。 mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.
　　a。 right b. wrong c。 not mentioned
　　21. the first inhabitants of hawaii could read and write。
　　a. right b。 wrong c。 not mentioned
　　22. mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately。
　　a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
　　答案:16—-22 abcaa cb
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;（2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
　　traffic jams—no end in sight
　　1 traffic congestion(拥堵)affects people throughout the world。traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world。 in the u。s。， commuters (通勤人员） spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the texas transportation institute. while alternative ways of getting around are available， most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
　　2 the most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing，whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day。in theory, if the toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel{heir trips or go by bus or train.and in practice it seems to work：singapore，london and stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.
　　3 another way to reduce rush—hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime,which lets employees travel to and from work at off—peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour。those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars.employers can also allow more staff to telecommute（work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
　　4 some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads，especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets。but such techniques do not really keep cars off the road；they only accommodate more of them。
　　5 other, more forward—thinking，planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day，and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment。for this reason, the american government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public—transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.but environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the＄50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
　　23。paragraph 1____
　　24.paragraph 2____
　　25.paragraph 3 ____
　　26。paragraph 4____
　　a。not doing enough
　　b.a global problem
　　c.changing work practice
　　d.a solution which is no solution
　　e.paying to get in
　　f。closing city centres to traffic
27。 most american drivers think it convenient to______
　　28. if charged high enough， some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town。
　　29. building more roads is not an effective way to______
　　30。 the u. s。 government has planned to ______ updating public—transport systems.
　　a.go by bus
　　b.encourage more private cars
　　c.drive around
　　d.spend more money
　　e。reduce traffic jams
　　f。travel regularly
参考答案:
　　23—26: a e c d 27-30： c a e d
第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项.
　　第一篇
　　making a loss is the height of fashion
　　given that a good year in the haute couture(高级定制女装）business is one where you lose even more money than usual， the prevailing mood in paris last week was sensational.the big-name designers were faiiing over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price，and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever.jean—paul gaultier reported record sales。“but we don’t make any money out of it,’，t the designer assured journalists backstage.“no maker how successful you are,you can’t make a profit from couture，”explained jean-jacques picart， a veteran fashion pr man，and co—founder of the now—bankrupt lacroix house.
　　almost 20 years have passed since the unusual economics of the couture business were first exposed.outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds，the couturier jean-louis scherrer published of his costs。one outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread，1 8，000sequins(亮片)，and had required hundreds of hours of hand-stitching in an atelier(制作室）。a fair price would have been～50,000,but the couturier could only get～35。000 for it。rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super—rich,he and his team could barely
　　feed their hungry families。
　　the result was an outcry and the first of a series of government-and industry-sponsored inquiries into the surreal（超现实的）world of ultimate fashion。the trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for，but it's not as simple as that.when such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money.it isn't to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain.rather，it is to preserve the peculiar mystique（神秘）,lucrative(利润丰厚的)associations and
　　threatened interests that couture represents。
　　essentially，the arguments couldn’t be simpler。on one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesn’t change. on the other are those who say it will die if it is highly dated. huge in its costs,tiny in its clientele and questionable in its influence,it still remains one of the great themes of parisian life.in his book， the fashion conspiracy, nicholas coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims（一时兴起)of less than 30 immensely wealthy women，and although the number may have grown in recent years with the new prosperity of asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4。000。
　　to qualify as couture， a garment must be entirely handmade by one of the 11 paris couture houses registered to the chambre syndicale de la haute couture.each house must employ at least 20 people。and show a minimum of 75 new designs a year.so far，so traditional。but the big four operators——chanel，dior,givenchy and gaultier—increasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable ready-to—wear，fragrance and accessory lines.
31. what is the main idea of the first paragraph?
　　a. the haute couture business is expanding quickly。
　　b. the haute couture designers make much profit in their sales.
　　c. the haute couture businessmen are happy with their profit。
　　d. the haute couture designers claim losses in their sales.
　　32. according to the second paragraph, jean—louis scherrer
　　a. was in a worse financial position than other couturiers.
　　b。 was very angry as he was losing money。
　　c。 was one of the best—know couturiers。
　　d. stopped producing haute couture dresses。
　　33. the writer says that the outfit jean-louis scherrer described
　　a。 was worth the price that was paid for it.
　　b。 cost more to make than it should have.
　　c. was never sold to anyone。
　　d。 should have cost the customer than it did。
　　34. the writer says in paragraph 4 that there is disagreement over
　　a. the history of haute couture.
　　b。 the future of haute couture。
　　c。 the real costs of haute couture。
　　d. the changes that need to be made in haute couture。
　　35. what is the writer’s tone toward haute couture business?
　　a。 somewhat ironical
　　b。 quite supportive.
　　c. fairly friendly。
　　d。 rather indifferent。
第二篇
　　on the trial of the honey badger
　　on a recent field trip to the kalahari desert， a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badgers. the team employed a local wildlife expert kitso khama to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert。 their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. they also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even khama was reluctant to do.
　　“the problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new，” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature， can be a dangerous mixture。 if they sense you have food， for example， they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat。 they’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的). fortunately this is rare， but it does happen。”
　　the research confirmed many things that were already known。 as expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill。 even poisonous snakes， feared and avoided by most other animals， were not safe from them。 the researchers were surprised， however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons， probably because of their high water content. preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物). the team also learnt that， contrary to previous research findings， the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. they were also able to confirm certain results from previous research， including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other。
　　following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, ther are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
　　as the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people， it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity—or sudden aggression. the badgers’ eating patterns， which had been disrupted， to normal. it also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans。
36. why did the wild life experts visit the kalahari desert?
　　a. to find where honey badgers live.
　　b。 to catch some honey badgers for food.
　　c. to observe how honey badgers behave.
　　d. to find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
　　37。 what does kitso khama say about honey badgers?
　　a。 they are always looking for food。
　　b。 they do not enjoy human company.
　　c. they show interest in things they are not familiar with.
　　d. it is common for them to attack people。
　　38。 what did the team find out about honey badgers？
　　a. there were some creatures they did not eat.
　　b。 they were afraid of poisonous creatures.
　　c。 female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
　　d. they may get some of the water they needed from fruit。
　　39. which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
　　a. they don’t run very quickly.
　　b. they defend their territory from other badgers。
　　c。 they hunt over a very large area。
　　d. they are more aggressive than females。
　　40。 what happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
　　a. they became less aggressive towards other creatures。
　　b. they lost interest in people。
　　c. they started eating more。
　　d。 other animals started working with them。
第三篇
　　why so many children
　　in many of the developing countries in africa and asia， the population is growing fast. the reason for this is simple： women in these countries have a high birth rate—--from 3.0 to 7。0 children per woman. the majority of these women are poor， without the food or resources to care for their families. why do they have so many children? why don’t they limit the size of their families？ the answer may be that they often have no choice。 there are several reasons for this.
　　one reason is economic。 in a traditional agricultural economy， large families are helpful。 having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age。 in an industrial economy， the situation is different。 many children do not help a family;instead， they are an expense。 thus， industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. this was the case in italy， which was industrialized qu