小升初英语语法点总结及练习.doc

小升初英语语法总结及练习
小升初语法名词
一、 名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，
如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days
4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5. 以o结尾的单词：a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s
如：potato--potatoes ； hero--heroes；mango--mangoes
photo--photos ; radio -- radios ; video -- videos
6. 不规则名词复数：

48

man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
fish-fish
people-people
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
deer - deer
sheep-sheep

policewoman-policewomen

二、名词所有格的构成法
1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如:
This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。
That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。
2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如:
the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室
the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒
3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：
the children’s palace 少年宫
men’s room 男厕所

*名词所有格口诀：
名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。
名词练习题
一、 写出下列名词的复数形式
puter ____________ 2.apple ____________ 3.city ___________
4.house _____________ 5.sheep _____________ 6.watch ______________
7.tomato _____________ 8.child _____________ 9.tooth ________
10.foot ______________ 11.wife _____________ 12.potato ____________
13.play _____________ 14.day ____________ 15.glass ______________
16.radio ___ 17.zoo ______________ 18. life ______________
19. story _____________ 20.leaf _____________ 21. baby _____________
22.dress _____________ 23.butterfly _____________ 24. deer _____________
25.class _____________ 26.brush _____________ 27.key _____________
28. English _________29.mouse ____________ 30. man _____________
二、汉译英
1．Tom的足球 _________________ 2. 老师们的自行车_________________
3．学生们的课桌 _________________ 4.哥哥的文具盒_________________
5．姑姑的卡片 _________________ 6.猴子们的香蕉_________________
7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________ 8.妈妈的包_________________
9．姐姐的连衣裙____________ 10女孩们的苹果_________________
三、把下列句子翻译成英文
1．这些是Peter的篮球吗？ ________________________________________
2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________
3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________
4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________
四、改错 （圈出错处,在横线上改正过来
1.There are some butterflys on the table. ________________________
2.This is Alice dress. ______________________
3.I like tomato very much. __________________
五、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This dog is brown.
___________________________________________________
2. There is a book and a pen on the table.

___________________________________________________
3.That woman is a teacher.
___________________________________________________

能力测试卷 （名词）
一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。
1. plane tree lesson
month apple shirt
2. box bus brush
watch class fox
3. knife life leaf
Wife thief
4. day boy monkey
baby country story
5. photo radio piano
tomato hero
6. child tooth man
Sheep English Chinese
二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √
1．The house is my brother. ________________________
2. He has visited many country. ______________________
3. They are Englishs. ______________________________
4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________
三、选择填空
1．There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses B. Englishman
2.The old man will have ___________ out.
A. two tooths B. two teeth
3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.
A. Children’s books B. Children books
4. Some friends of _________ will come here.
A. John’s B. John
5. Can you give me ______________?
A. some papers B. a piece of paper
6.There are ______________ on the floor.
A. some box B. some boxes
四、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This sheep is white __________________________________
2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._____________________________
3.That man is a doctor. ___
小升初语法代词
一、人称代词
人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，
它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：
数
人称
主格
宾格
单数
第一人称
I
me
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
it
复数
第一人称
We
us
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
they
them
主格与宾格：
人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。
人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。I saw her yesterday.我昨天看到她了。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称
类别
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his,her,its
their
名词性
mine
our
yours
yours
his,hers,its
theirs
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?
It’s hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat
*关于物主代词的口诀：
物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“.....的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，
my your his her its our their 不放过。
形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性

形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。

三、反身代词
反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。
数 人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。
*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：
反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f

四、指示代词
This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物
That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物
例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。
That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。

代词练习题
一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary is a friend of ______________. ( I )
2. This is ________ ( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag.
3. Her brother is too young to look after _________ ( he )
4. This is _________ ( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ).
5. These pens are _________ ( we ).
二、填写下列表格。
人称代词
我
我们
你，你们
他
她
它
他们
主 格

宾 格

形容词物主代词

名词性物主代词

反身代词

三、改写下列句子
Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine.
1. That is her ruler. ____________________________________
2. These are their footballs. _____________________________________
3. This is my backpack . _____________________________________
4. Those are your boxes. _____________________________________
四、把下列句子改写成复数。
1. This is a butterfly. ______________________________________
2. That is a bus. ______________________________________
3. It is a mouse. ______________________________________
五、改错。
1.This is mine lamp. ______________________________________
2.These are ours books. _______________________________________
3. That are their teacher. ______________________________________
4.The house is my brother. _______________________________________
5. He has visited many country. _______________________________________
6. They are Chineses. _______________________________________
7. This is Tom red bike. _______________________________________
能力测试卷 （代词）
一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）
I 她
its 我们
her 他（她，它）们
we 我
they 你的
their 他（她，它）们
your 她的
she 它的
二、填空
1．She’s a teacher . This is _________ bag.
2. He’s a driver. This is ___________ taxi.
3. I am a boy . __________ name is Peter.
4. --What’s __________ name?
-- My name is Tony.
5. It’s my puppy. ______ name is Mimi.
三、选择
( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _________.
A. him B. he C. his D. she
( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It’s ________.
A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her
( ) 3. He is a friend of ________
A. our B. us C. my D. mine
四、改错
1. I, you and he are all teachers.
______________________________________________________
2. This is mine teddy bear.
______________________________________________________
3. These are ours bags.
_________________________________________________
4. These is their teachers.
小升初语法数词和冠词
一、数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。
1． 最基本的基数词如下表所示：
1~10
11~19
20~100
1 one
11 eleven
20 twenty
2 two
12 twelve
30 thirty
3 three
13 thirteen
40 forty
4 four
14 fourteen
50 fifty
5 five
15 fifteen
60 sixty
6 six
16 sixteen
70 seventy
7 seven
17 seventeen
80 eighty
8 eight
18 eighteen
90 ninety
9 nine
19 nineteen
100 one hundred
10 ten

*基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。
例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine
百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。
例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty
648 six hundred and forty-eight
2．序数词的构成
1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，
four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth
seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，
one --- first two second three --- third five--- fifth
eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例，
twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth
forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
1） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，
twenty –one ------ twenty- first
thirty-five ------thirty-fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third
*基数词变序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）
一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）
八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）
整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；
要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序
二、冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。
She is a teacher. That’s an orange.
2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。
This is a bus. The bus is big.
3. 不用冠词的情况：
1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，
Chinese, English, Jim等。
2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，
that mouse (那只老鼠)
3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，
at home 在家 go to school 去上学

*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；
海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；
方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；
船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；
姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。
*零冠词用法口诀：
月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；
三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。

冠词和数词专项练习
一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。

1) at ____home
2) go to_____ bed
3) go to _____school
4) catch ____ bad cold
5) have _____ good time
6) ______red apple
7)_____ English book
8) ______ spoon
9)_____ orange
10) ______melon
11) _______ eraser

二、选择填空
1.There is _____ “m” in the word “primary”
A. an B.a C.the D./
2.This is ____ orange bike .
A.a B.an C.the D/
3.It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper .
A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the
4.English is ____ useful language in ____ world .
A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the
5.We are going to _____ cinema this evening .
A.the B./ C/a D.an
6.He’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river .
A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the
7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit .
A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, /
8.He was _____ first to come .
A.The B.a C.the D./
9.Do you see ____ book on _____ table ?
A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the
10.Where’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room .
A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the
11.He is _____ friend of mine .
A.an B./ C.the D.a
12.There is ____ university near the farm .
A.a B.an C.the D./
13.He died in ____ autumn of 1989 .
A./ B.the C.a D.an
14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much .
A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , /
15.Today is _____ Children’s Day .
A.a B.an C.the D/
四、用代词填空:
1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends .
A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we
2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ .
A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we
3.She lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ?
A.her , yours B.his , your Chers , you D.their , yourself
4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?”
A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself
能力测试卷（冠词和数词）
一、 写出相邻的数词
1. twenty 2. five
3. twelve 4. fifty-eight
5. ninety 6. seventy
7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred
9. one thousand 10. one
二、选择正确答案
1.There are days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
2.There are students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
3.My brother is in .
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
4.He was doing some washing .
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
6.Sunday is the day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
7.Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third
8.Tom was to get to school and I was .
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth
9.What’s the date today? It’s .
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
10.Monday is the second day, and .
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday
小升初语法动词
定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
动词可分为以下四类
分类
例子
否定形式
实义动词
run, look, cook, eat....
don’t +动词原形
doesn’t + 动词原形
系动词
be动词（am, is ,are,was,were）
be + not
助动词
do / does / did
用于一般疑问句和否定句
情态动词
can，will, should ,could ,may...
直接加not变否定

1) 动词的基本形式：
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。（小学阶段主要见四种形式）
原形
中文
三单
现在分词
过去式
go
去，走
goes
going
went
eat
吃
eats
eating