机械专业英语期末考试题及答案.doc

机械专业英语期末考试题及答案
一． 词汇翻译
   画法几何 descriptive geometry
    机械制图 Mechanical drawing
    投影 projection
    视图 view
    剖视图 profile chart
    标准件 standard component
    零件图 part drawing
    装配图 assembly drawing
    尺寸标注 size marking
    技术要求 technical requirements
主轴 spindle
    主轴箱 headstock
    卡盘 chuck
    加工中心 machining center
    车刀 lathe tool
    车床 lathe
    钻削 镗削 bore
    车削 turning
    磨床 grinder
    基准 benchmark
    钳工 locksmith
机螺纹 thread
电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration
精加工 finish machining
    粗加工 rough machining
    变速箱体 gearbox casing
表面粗糙度 surface roughness
二． 将下列短语译成汉语
1. the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）
2. the radial loads（径向负荷）
3. the thrust loads逆负荷
4. the ball bearing球轴承
5. the roller bearing滚子轴承
6. the single-row bearings单沟轴承
7. the double-row bearing双沟轴承
8. the needle bearing滚针轴承
9. the bearing life轴承寿命
10. The rating life额定寿命
11. the axis of rotation旋转轴
12. The helix angle螺旋角
13. a right-hand helix 右旋
14. a left-hand helix左旋
15. an involute helicoids螺旋面
16. an involute curve渐开线
17. the shaft centerlines轴中心线
18. worm gear蜗轮
19. the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮
20. right angle直角
21. worm gearing蜗杆传动
22. the lead angle导角
23. shaft angle轴线角度
24. bending load弯曲载荷
25. tension load张力负荷
26. compression load压缩负载
27. torsional load扭转负荷
28. the bending moment弯矩
29. the bending stress弯曲应力
30. 30.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）
三． 翻译下列句子
1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。）
2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.( 虽然四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构是非常有用而且在成千上万的应用中都可找到。但是我们还看到，这些连杆机构其性能水平的发挥已经受到限制。)
3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process.（画运动图和确定机构自由度的过程，就是运动分析和综合过程的第一个阶段。）
4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician.（设想相对运动的能力，能推想出之所以这样设计一个机构的原因和对一个具体设计进行改进的能力是一个成功的机构学家的标志。）
5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms.（这个过程的动态反演是固定的,不同的连接创造出不同的机制。）
四．翻译下列短文
1.A kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain.
（运动链是一个构件系统装置即若干个刚体，它们或者彼此铰接或者互相接触，方式上是允许它们彼此间产生相对运动。如果构件中的某一构件被固定而使任何其他一个构件运动到新的位置将会引起其他各个构件也运动到确定的预期的位置上的话，该系统装置就是一个可约束的运动链。如果构件中的某一构件仍保持固定而使任一运动到达一新的位置而不会使其他各个构件运动到一个确定的预期的位置上的话，则该系统装置是一个非约束运动链。）

2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, become (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its "rigid links"; a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform complex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force transmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study.
（机构或连杆构件是一个可约束的传动链而且是一个从输入到输出以传递运动和（或）力为目的的机械装置。连杆机构是由通常被认为是刚体构件或杆组成的，它们是以销轴铰接的，例如用柱销（圆形的）或棱柱体销轴铰接，以便成形开式或闭式（回环式）的运动链。这样的运动链在至少有一个构件被固定的条件下：（1）如果至少有两个构件能保持运动，就变为机构，（2）如果没有一个构件能够运动，则就成为结构。换句话说，机构是允许其“刚性构件”之间相对运动，而结构则不能。由于连杆机构做成一简单机构而且能设定实现复杂的任务，例如非线性运动和力的传递运动。它们在机构学研究中将受到更多的关注。）