广州版英语八年级下册Unit4讲义.doc

Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips
一、短语归纳：

ic strip 连环漫画
2.pop out 张大，睁大
3.decide on 决定
4.video camera 摄像机
5.play against 同……比赛
6.weather forecast 天气预报
7.thank goodness 谢天谢地
8.make it 获得成功
9.think of 考虑，想起，记得
What do you think of ...？ 　　
10.have a good idea 有个好主意
11.think about 思考，考虑
12.add...to...把……添加到……
13.sound effects 音响效果
14.at the underground station 在地铁站
15.look like 看上去像
16.put...together 把……放在一起
17.the same as 与……相同
18.be different from 与……不同
19.a pair of 一双
20.at the top of 在……顶部
21.look out=take care=be careful 当心
22.pick up 捡起
23.in trouble 在困境中

二重点词汇：
1.appear+(to be )+adj.
She appears (to be) happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很开心。
appear +to do sth
You appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走过很多地方。
2. a bit of = a little
3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth.
4.the same as和……一样 be different from 和……不同
5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel　连系动词后接形容词作表语。
6. in trouble 在困境中

1)sb. have trouble with sb./sth.某人/某物有毛病
I have trouble with my car.
2) have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事麻烦

7.succeed in doing 做成某事
8.laugh at sb.　嘲笑某人
9.tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 　告诉某人做某事
10.be used to do 被用来做
used to do 过去常常做
be used to doing 习惯于做

三、知识点讲解与拓展：
1. character：n. 人物、角色
Yue Fei is a great historical character.
2. think of 考虑、思考
I’m thinking of going to Paris for vacation.
拓展：think of：想起、记起 I can’t think of his name.
think of：对……有某种看法，常用于“What do you think of…”句型中 What do you think of the book？
3. add… to…& add to

add… to…
把……加到……上
Please add some salt to the water.
add to
添加，增添（欢乐、困难等抽象名词）
Do you have anything to add to the list?

4. record v. 录音
I’ve recorded the whole concert.
拓展：record n. 记录 set the record创造记录 break the record打破记录 hold the record保持记录
5. decide on 决定、选定
What made you decide on Plan A?
6. basic adj. 基础的，基本的
拓展：base— basis (n.)基础— basic (adj.)基本的— basically (adv,)基本上
7. Here it is.
以here和there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不倒装；若后面的主语为名词，主谓倒装。
Here you are. 给你。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
8. forget v. 忘记

forget to do
忘记要做某事（动作没发生）
I forget to turn off the light.
forget doing
忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
I forget opening the door.

9. look like 看上去像
Tom looks like his father.
拓展：提问长相： What do/ dose sb. look like?
提问性格： What is sb. like?

10. appear v. 显得，看来，似乎
A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.
拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. She appears (to be) happy at the news.
appear to do sth. You appear to travel quite a lot.

11. a little & a bit
1) 两者都可以作副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级），或动词。
I’m a little/ bit hungry.
2) 用作形容词做定语时，a little修饰不可数名词，而a bit后面加of再加不可数名词。
There’s a little water.= There’s a bit of water.
12. be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，准备好做某事
The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.
拓展：be/ get ready for sth. 为……做好准备 Are you ready for your teast?

13. as well as 并且，还。用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。
She is clever as well as beautiful.

14. how to do 疑问词+ to do
I don’t know how to do it.
拓展：what to do做什么 where to go去哪里 why to do为什么做

15. Don’t+ 动词原形.
否定祈使句，意为“不要……，禁止……” Don’t play jokes on me, will you?
中考链接 -I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
-I haven’t decided where _______.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go

16. the same as… 和……一样
The twins look the same as each other.
拓展：be different from 与……不同
考点结合London was different _____ most European capitals.
London was not _____ _____ _____ most European capitals. (同义句转换)

17. look 连系动词，意为“看起来，看上去”，厚街形容词作表语。
Alice looks happy today.
拓展：连系动词还有：be(是), look(看起来), feel(摸上去), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、显得), prove(证明是), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), turn, get, become(三个‘变得’)等

18. Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
在let引导的祈使句中，sb可以是名词，也可以说代词的宾格。 Let him go.
let是使役动词，常用的使役动词还有：make，have，leave等。
考点结合: They made me repeat the story. (改成被动态)
_____________________________.

19. a pair of+ 不可数名词/ 可数名词的复数 a pair of shoes

20. look out= pay attention to 当心、注意
Look out！There is a car coming！
拓展：look out of… 向外看…… She stopped writing and looked out of the window.

21. pick up 捡起，拾起
She pick up a flower on the road.
拓展：pick up sth. 捡起某物，当sth.是人称代词的宾格时，放在pick之后，如：pick it up。
当sth.是名词时，可以放在pick up中间或up之后，如：pick the pen up= pick up the pen。

22. in trouble 在困境中
He’s in trouble, let’s help him.
拓展：与trouble相关的短语：get into trouble惹上麻烦 have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难

23. success n. 成功
I wish you success with your studies.
拓展：succeed v. 成功。succeed in doing sth.
successful adj. 成功的。 His business is successful.

24. 1) tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事
He told me the reason. (改成被动句)
__________________________. ( ‘I’作主语)
__________________________. ( ‘the reason’作主语)
2) tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
The teacher told him to clean the classroom. (改成被动句)
_________________________________________.
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事
He told us not to buy clothes in this store.

25. laugh at 嘲笑
Don’t laugh at him, please.

练习：
1. What do you __ your hometown?  It is very beautiful. I love it very much.  
A. look at      B. talk about      C. think of     D. think over  
2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _____ money with me.  
A.to take      B.to taking     C. taking     D. bringing  
3. Could you give me some advice? I don’t know ______. Why don’t you wear this red shirt? 
A.when to wear     B.what to wear     C.how to wear   D.where to wear 
4. Most of my classmates don’t like to talk to teir parents, but I am ____ them. 
A.different from    B.surprised at     C. the same as  D. proud of  
5. Where’s your ticket? Show _______ , please. 
  A.me it     B.it me     C.me to it    D.it to me  
6. --Tom, ______ read books while you are walking in the street. It’s very dangerous.  --OK, thank you.
 A. don’t    B. doesn’t    C. won’t   D. can’t 
7. He ________ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.  
A. picked up    B. threw away    C. looked for   D. handed in 
8. I’t sure our football team will ______ this match.We’re the best.   
A. win    B. fail    C. lose   D. beat 
9. Our teacher often tells us ______ in the river. It’s dangerous.  
A. don’t swim    B. not swim   C. not to swim   D. not swimming 
10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ______ in a short time.  
A.can be learned    B.has been learned    C.can learn   D.has learned 

四、语法——被动语态（2）
一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We visited that factory last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）Do they speak French ?
（2）They don’t use the room .
Is French spoken by them?
The room isn’t used by them.
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
（1）The hunter killed a tiger .
（2）He wrote many stories last year .
A tiger was killed by the hunter.
Many stories was written by him last year.
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
(1)These workers are building a new bridge.
（2）He is mending his car .
A new bridge is being built by these workers.
His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
(1)He was selling books .
(2)They were discussing the plan at that time .
Books were being built by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
(1)She has learned many English words.
(2)He has finished the work.
Many English words have been learned by her .
The work has been finished by him .
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
(1)They has solved the problem .
(2)We had told him the news by then .
The problem had been solved by them .
The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时
shall / will be + p.p.
（1）I shall make a plan .
(2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour.
A plan will be made by me .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour.
过去将来时
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p.
（1）He told me they would paint the room .
（2）They were going to put on a play the next week .
He told me the room would be painted by them.
A play was going to be put by them the next week.
情态动词
can / may / must / should
+ be + p.p.
（1）We should hand in our homework .
（2）You must answer the question in English .
Our homework should be handed in by us.
The question must be answered in English by you .
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
（被动语态）
We are often told interesting stories by him.
Interesting stories are often told to us by him.
▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass, send等。

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”
2.
比较：1.

4. 只有及物动词和可接宾语的(动词+介词)词组才可以有被动语态, 如look after。
eg：

五、不能用被动语态的情况
1) 主动形式表示被动意义。
某些感官系动词动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste，feel， sound等。
eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.
语法练习：
1. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
2. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _________well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
3. The sports meeting _________next month.
A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held
4. —Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself. —Sorry. The book you ask for____ out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
5. Annie ________ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
6. Many houses ______ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Ya’an.
A. is destroyed B. are destroyed C was destroyed D. were destroyed
7. Han Han’s books are popular. They ________ by many teenagers.
A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read
8. Teenagers ________allowed to drive.
A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be
9. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
10. —I want to borrow the book, but I don’t know how long it may ________. —For two weeks.
A. keep B. be borrowed C. borrow D. be kept
11. Many trees _______ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now.
A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted
12. —Didn't you see the sign "No Parking!" on the right? —Sorry, I didn't. But now I know parking ________ here.
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed C. won't allow D. doesn't allow
13. From May 6, pedestrians(行人) ________10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.　
　　 A. will fine　 B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined
14.—What languages ______ in that country'? —German and English
A. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken
15. A year has four seasons and it ________ twelve different star signs.
A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divided into D is divided into
16. The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
17.. — Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs ________． — Sorry, mum. I'll do it at once.
A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned
18. — “Frog”， Mo Yan's latest novel, please! — Sorry, it ________ just now. But it will come out again soon.
A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out
19. —Do you know Earth Day? —Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.
A. sets up B. set up C. is set up D. was set up
20．A lot of trees _____around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air now．
A．were planted B．are planted C．will plant D．a

完型填空
There was a bridge over the river.__1____often took some parts away. So Mr White , a farmer of fifty-two, __2___to watch it .He had neither wife nor children and lived in the house __3____the bridge . He worked hard and always got up several times at night. So it was much __4___than before.
Once the old man __5___to his sister’ birthday party. He asked two days’ leave and went there. He ___6___much that day and fell to sleep as soon as the ___7___was over. His sister had to carry him to a room with her husband. At midnight he ___8____. He forget where he was and went out to see if the bridge was all right. But he didn’t ____9___ it. He was surprised and told the police station about it on the ____10___.
Later on he forgot what ___11___ that night and he returned to his house the following afternoon. When he saw the bridge , he___12___ it all. He hurried to ring up the police station again and told them the bridge wasn’t __13____.
“It’s too late , Mr White ,” said the officer . “We ___14__ the criminal (罪犯) last night . The judge sentenced（判决） him to ten years in prison this __15____!”
( ) 1. A.Everyboby B. Someboby C. Nobody D. Anybody
( ) 2. A. told B. hoped C. was told D. was hoped
( ) 3. A. above B. on C. under D .at an end of
( ) 4.A. safe B. safer C. important D. more important
( ) 5. A. made B .was made C. asked D. was asked
( ) 6. A. drank B. smoked C. talked D. played
( ) 7. A. class B. lesson C. dinner D. meeting
( ) 8. A. woke up B. stood up C. sat down D. lay down
( ) 9. A touch B. find C. hear D. build
( ) 10. A. letter B. report C. telephone D. exercise
( )11. A. happened B. was C. worried D. looked
( ) 12 A. saw B. watched C. said D. remembered
( )13. A. broken B. lost C. mended D. hurt
( )14. A. missed B. killed C. knew D. caught
( ) 15. A. morning B. evening C. week D. month

阅读理解
A
When people talk about air pollution, they usually think of smog, acid rain (酸性雨), and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But did you know that air pollution also exists inside homes, offices, hotels and other buildings? The air in your home can be 2 to 100 times more polluted than the air outdoors! In fact, some American doctors say that 50% of illnesses have something to do with polluted indoor air.
Air pollution influences our health in many ways. Young children and the old often suffer more from air pollution. People with health p