人教版英语必修三Unit3Grammar.ppt

d went to the door,but before he left the house,he turned and said to,Betty,It isnt a man youre looking for.,_,.,Joke 1,Betty,was a very pretty girl.Quite a lot of young men wanted to marry her.,One day,one of the young men came to visit her and asked her to become his wife.She answered,No,John,I wont marry you.I want to marry a man who is famous,who can,D.What,you want is a television set,Joke 2,A teacher,asked,one of his students:What is the longest and what is the shortest?The student answered immediately _,_ while the last several minutes of an exam is the shortest.,A.that,the last,several minutes of a class is the longest,Do you agree?,Joke 3,A guy had stayed sadly in a bar for more than half an hour.Then,a truck driver stepped up next to him,took the drink from the guy,and drank it all down.,Poison,The poor man started crying.The truck driver said,Come on man,I was just joking.HereIll buy you another drink.I just cant see a man crying.,No,its not that.This day is the worst of my life.First,I was late getting to my office.My boss was pretty angry,and fired me.When I left the building to go to my car,I found out it was stolen.The police say they can do nothing.When I got home,I found my wife,left.,I left home and came to this bar.And just when I was thinking about putting an end to my life,_,_.,B.the worst is that you,turn up and drink my poison,长高点，就不用踮着脚跳舞了,Joke 4,On a girls way home after watching a ballet,(,芭蕾舞）,performance,the kindergarten teacher asked her students what they thought of it.The smallest girl in the class said:“If _,_one day,they will not have to stand on their toes all the time.”,C.my,wish that,the dancers can grow taller comes true,Joke1:,What you want is a television set,.,Joke2:,The student answered immediately,that the last several minutes of a class is the longest,while the last several minutes of an exam is the shortest.,Joke3:And just when I was thinking about putting an end to my life,the worst is that you show up and drink my poison.,Joke4:,If my wish that the dancers can grow taller comes true,one day,they will not have to stand on their toes all the time.,What kind of clause are they?,Joke1:,What you want is a television set.,Joke2:,The student answered immediately,that the last several minutes of a class is the longest,while the last several minutes of an exam is the shortest.,Joke3:And just when I was thinking about putting an end to my life,the worst is that you show up and drink my poison.,Joke4:,If my wish that the dancers can grow taller comes true,one day,they will not have to stand on their toes all the time.,What kind of clause are they?,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,Noun clause,Noun Clauses,(,名词性从句,),Subject Clause主语从句,),Appositive Clause,（同位语从句）,Object Clause,（宾语从句）,Predicative Clause,（表语从句）,名词性从句,相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,主语从句就是,从句在主句中作主语,的名词性从句。,主语从句,同位语从句,在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词,(,idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news,等,),后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。,同位语从句常用,that,引导或用连接副词,when/where/why/how/whether,同位语从句,1,、宾语从句,宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有,连词,that,，,if,，,whether,；,连接代词,who,，,whose,，,what,，,which,；,连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,The Object Clause,e.g.,I think,(that),women can reach very,high achievements in many fields of science.,2)I wonder,whether/if,she remembered how,many babies she had delivered.,3)Do you know,who/whom,Jack was speaking to?,4)He asked,whose car,it was.,5)Pay attention to,what,the doctor said.,6)Please tell me,when,the earthquake took place.,7)Will you tell me,how,I can keep fit and healthy?,The Object Clause,做动词的宾语,(1),大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：,eg.,He doesnt know where the post office is.,(2),有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：,e.g.,He told me what I should read,(3),如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语,it,而将从句放到补足语后面,如,think,make,consider,；,e.g.,I thought it strange that he failed to call me,我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。,(4),在,think,believe,suppose,expect,等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词,think,等变为否定形式,;,e.g.,I dont think you are right,我想你是不对的。,(5),在,think,，,believe,，,imagine,，,suppose,，,guess,，,hope,等动词以及,Im afraid,等后，可用,so,代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用,not,代替一个否定的宾语从句：,e.g.,一,Do you believe it will clear up?,你认为天气会转晴吗,?,一,I believe so.,我认为会这样。,I dont believe so.,(,或,I believe not.),我认为不会这样。,(1),一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后,;,e.g.,Did she say anything about how we should do the work?,(2),that,引导的宾语从句只有在,except,in,but,besides,等少数介词后偶尔可能用到,;,e.g.,Your article is all right except that it is too long,(3),有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语,it,;,e.g.,Ill see to it that everything is ready,做介词的宾语,当,whether,后紧跟,or,/or not,时,不用,if.,I dont know,whether,I will stay,or not,.,介词,后面的宾语从句不能用,if.,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feelings.,注意,1.whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,在,主+谓+,it(,形式宾语)+宾补+,that,从句(真正宾语)的句型中,不省略,We must make,it,clear,that,we mean what we say.,由连词,and,连接的两个由,that,引导,的宾语从句中,第二个,that,不省略,。,He told me(that)he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,常见的系动词分为三种：,A,表示特征和状态：,be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear,等,B,表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：,get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run,等,C,表示某种状态的：,remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay,等,3.,表语从句,表语从句就是从句在主句中作,表语,的名词性从句，放在系动词之后,The Predicative Clause,that,引导的表语从句,that,仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。,e.g.,The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,2.,whether,引导的表语从句,连接词,whether,起,连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：,if,不能引导表语从句,),在句中也不作任何成分。,e.g.,The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,2.,表语从句,在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,I dont doubt,(that),you will succeed.,I dont know,whether/if,he will come tonight.,I doubt,if/whether,you will keep your promise.,3个句子中的连词,that,whether,if(,是否,),在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为,连接词。,注意,:A.that,本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。,B.whether,和,if,有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但,whether,可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而,if,仅可以用于宾语从句。,引导名词性从句的关联词,连接词,3.,what,which,who,whom,whose,引导的表语从句,连接代词,what,which,who,whom,whose,除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,e.g.,Tom is no longer,what,he used to be.,The question is,which of us,should come first.,The problem is,who,is really fit for the hard job.,The important thing is,whose name,should be put on the top of the list.,4.,where,when,why,how,引导的表语从句,连接副词,where,when,why,how,除在句中起,连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。,e.g.Thats,where,I cant agree with you.,This is,why,Sara was late for the meeting.,This is,how,they overcome the difficulties.,My strongest memory is,when,I attended an American wedding.,5.,其他连词,as if,because,as,as though,引导的表语从句,because,引导表语从句通常只用于,“,This/That/It is because”,结构中。,as if/though,引导的表语从句常置于连系动词,look,seem,sound,be,become,等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。,e.g.,It sounds,as if/though,somebody was knocking at the door.,My anger is,because,you havent written to me for a long time.,一、名词性从句的语序,(1),名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+,陈述句,That,light travels in straight lines,is known to all.,This is,what,we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,b.,疑问词+句子的剩余成分,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述,句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,(,1)that,和,what,的选用,that,和,what,都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，,what,除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而,that,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that/what,1._,he wants is a book.,2 he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the,teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,a.,主语从句,b.,表语从句,c.,同位语从句,d.,介词后的宾语从句,e.whether to do,做动词宾语不能用,if to,do.f.,与,or not,连在一起引导宾语从句,时不用,if.,if和whether的选用,不能使用,if,的情况,:,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open,air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I havent decided _ to go there.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,其它连接代词和副词的使用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择,who,which,whenwhere,why,how,等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。,_,we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.,我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。,I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.,我不知道他长的什么样子。,I have no idea _ he looks like.,这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。,This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that,可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：,主语从句表语从句同位语从句用,it,做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词,that,不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的,that,可省略,1.,I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a,mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the,match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you,should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died,and _ he had to make a living,alone.,(,that),that,that,that,that,(,that),that,that/(that),a.,他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。,He believes _.,b.,请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。,Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.,如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,what you were doing,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。,He told me,_,.,他说他已离开家乡十年了。,He told me,_.,老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。,The teacher told us,_.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line,2.,如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied,2.The reason _ he gave for his absence was _ he was ill.,reason,后面的表语从句只能用,that,引导,不能用,why,引导,但,reason,后面的定语从句可以用,why,或者,that,引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,They expressed the hope _ they would,come over to China.,Awhich B.that C.whom D.when,2.The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.,A.that B.which C.when D.what,3.I have no idea _ he will come back.,A.where B.when C.what D.if,Choose the best answer,4.One of the men held the view _ the,book said was right.,A.what that B.that which,C.that what D.which that,5.Word has come _ some American,guests will come for a visit to our college,next week.,A.what B.whether,C.that D.which,6.The question is _ the film is,worth seeing.,A.if B.what C.whether D.how,7.They received orders _ the work,be done at once.,A.which B.when C./D.that,8.The reason _ I have to go is _,my mother is ill in bed.,A.why;why B.why;because,C.why;that D.that;because,9._ I cant understand is _ she wants,to change her mind.,A.What;why B.Which;how,C.That;why D.What;because,10._ his dream of going to college will,come true is uncertain.,A.That B.Whether,C.If D.Even if,11.It is known to us _ where there is,pollution,there is harm.,A.which B.where,C.what D.that,12.I have the information _.,A.of what hell come soon,B.that hell come soon,C.of that hell come soon,D.his coming soon,13.-I saw your neighbor break your,window with a basketball.,-_ it made me nearly mad.,A.That he broke B.What he broke,C.He broke D.His break,14.It remains a question _ we can get,so much money in such a short time.,A.how B.that C.when D.what,15.-Can I help you?,-Yes,do you know _?,A.when comes the bus,B.when will come the bus,C.when does the bus come,D.when the bus comes,16.He made a promise _ anyone set him,free he would make him very rich.,A.that B.if,C.what D.that if,17.They lost their way in the forest,and _ made matters worse,was _ night began to fall.,A.what;that,B.it;that,C.what;when,D.which;what,18.It now appears _ they are in need of,help.,A.that B.which C.what D.how,19.It is good news _ they will arrive in a,few days.,A.which B.what C.that D.how,20.It _ Joe drives badly.,A.thought that B.thinks that,C.was thought that D.is thought that,21.You must do well _ the teacher,asks you to do.,A.which B.what C.that D.where,22,.,This is _ she was born.,A.where B.which C.that D.what,23.The question is _ we cant go,there today.,A.that B.what C.which D.when,24.The question is _ it is worth doing.,A.if B.whether C.which D.what,25.The reason he has made such great,progress is _ he has never,wasted his time.,A.because B.why C.that D.what,26.My suggestion is _ we should,turn the land into rice fields.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,27.His proposal is that the dam _,at the foot of the mountain.,A.build B.will build,C.be built D.will be built,28.My advice is that he _ regular,house.,A.keep B.would keep,C.keeps D.kept,29._ knows the truth will tell you,about it.,A.Who that B.Whoever,C.Whom that D.That who,30.We all know the truth _ the earth,goes round the sun.,A.that B.which C.what D.whether,31.We heard the news _ our team,had won.,A.which B.that C.what D.where,32.The problem _ it is right or wrong,has not yet been decided.,A.which B.that C.whether D.if,1.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it.A.there B.where C.there were D.where there,2.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./D.that,3.He made a promise_ he would help me.A.what B.when C.that D.which,4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village.A.how B.when C.where D.what,5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,B,B,C,B,B,Practice choosing(10m),高考链接,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?,-Oh,thats_.,(2003,北京春季,),A.what makes me feel excited,B.whatever I feel excited about,C.how I feel about it,D.when I feel excited,A,解析,：这是由,what,引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为,A,。,2.-I drove to,Zhuhai,for the air show last week.,-Is that_ you had a few days off?,(NMET1999),A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析,:,这是一个由,why,引导的表语从句,表示原因,.,这句话的意思是,这就是你离开的原因吗,?,。故答案为,A,。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.,(2002,上海春季,),A.what B.that C.which D.why,解析,:,what,在表语从句中作,takes,的宾语,构成,It takes,sth,.to do,sth,.,的句型。答案为,A,。,A,4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants.,(2002,上海春季,),A.what B.which C.when D.that,解析,:,这是一个宾语从句,wants,后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants,是一句谚语,意思是,永远给予他人他确实想要的东西,。故答案为,A,。,A,