新7BU2知识点讲解(译林牛津版).doc

7B Unit2 Neighbours
Comic strips
1、 Where are you going?
Be going 此处为“现在进行时表将来”，这主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。Go, come, leave等表示位移的动词，都可以用现在进行表将来。
例如：将要回家________________
将要离开________________
2、 I’m going to visit our new neighbours.
(1) be going to ,后接动词原形，用于表将来
(2) neighbour可数名词，“邻居”
3、 I’m afraid they won’t welcome visitors like you.
(1) visitor,可数名词，“参观者，访问者”
以-or结尾的表示人的名词有：
Actor男演员 translator翻译 inventor发明家
Collector收集者 doctor医生
（2）like介词，意为“像”，其反义词为unlike
相关短语：be like look like

Welcome to the unit
1、 waiter waitress均可数名词
2、 How many buildings are there in your neighbourhood?
neighbourhood为不可数名词，“街区，居民区”
常用短语：in the neighbourhood 在街区
in the neighbourhood of “大约，左右”
3、 Most of them have 14 floors.
Most of 表示“……中的大多数”，后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
也可接不可数名词，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg: 大多数男孩喜欢足球。____________________________________________________
大部分水是干净的。_____________
4、 What do you have around your neighbourhood?
around为介词，“在……的周围”；也可作副词，“在周围，到处”。
Eg: 他住在伦敦周围。____________________________________________________
我们围着桌子坐。____________________________________________________
5、 They’re kind and helpful.
Helpful为形容词，“愿意帮忙的，有用的”
短语：be helpful to sb.“对某人很有帮助”

Reading
1、 Is there a community centre in your neighbourhood?
Community可数名词，“社区，社团”，此处为名次作定语。Community作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数形式。
Eg: 我们的社区很大。____________________________________________________
我们社团（的人）打算去游长城。____________________________________________________
2、 There are some social workers.
Social形容词，“社会的”
常见短语：social worker“社会工作者” social problem“社会问题”
3、 They help us with all kinds of problems.
(1) help sb. With sth.“帮助某人某事”
【拓展】与help有关的固定短语：
Help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
Be of some/ no/ much help to sb.对某人有些/没有/很有帮助
Help oneself （to）自用（食物等
Help sb. out 帮助某人客服困难、解决问题、完成工作等
With the help of 在……的帮助下
Help to do sth.有助于做某事
（2） all kinds of各种各样的
【拓展】
·kind名词，“种类”，同义词：sort ~ hats 各种各样的帽子
·kind形容词，“亲切的，仁慈的” be kind to…对……好
4、 There’s something wrong with my computer.
(1) 句型There is something wrong with sth.意为“某物坏了”，相当于Something isn’t working well，还可以用Something is broken.替换。
Eg: 我的手表坏了。____________________________________________________
【拓展】 ：
There is nothing wrong with sth.某物没有坏。
Is there anything wrong with sth.?某物有没有出问题？
（2） something不定代词，意为“某事，某物”，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句中常用anything。在否定句中常用nothing。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg Something happens.有事发生了。
注意：在疑问句中，当说话人希望得到肯定答复时，也可以用something。
Eg: Do you have something that I can use?
5、 I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.
(1) engineer可数名词，意为“工程师”，其前不定冠词用an。
(2) Check及物动词，意为“检查，核实”
与check有关的短语：
check in 登记；检票 check out 结账退房 check up 检验
6、 My cousin Annie’s bicycle is broken.
Broken形容词，“弄坏了的；伤残的”，可位于名词前作定语或系动词前作表语。
Eg: 这台电视机坏了。____________________________________________________
你能看见那个破的窗子吗？____________________________________________________
【拓展】broken还有“骨折的；零碎的；不连贯的”意思
7、 …so she’s going to ask someone to fix it.……所以她打算找人修一修。
（1） someone不定代词，意为“某人”，用作单数，与somebody用法相同。
Eg: 有人想见你。____________________________________________________
（2） fix 及物动词，意为“修理；安装”
【辨析】fix与mend
Fix 修理，表示使得受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性能或机能，其对象范围很广，从道路、机器到日常用品。
Mend 修补，表示修补破损的东西，使其恢复原样，一般指较小的物品。
【拓展】 fix up意为“修理；安装”
Eg: 你的自行车坏了，让我们修一修吧。
_____________________________
8、 Can you find anyone to help you with your homework?
anyone为不定代词，意为“任何人”，相当于anybody。常用于疑问句或否定句中，肯定句中用somebody或someone。
Eg: 有人来过吗？____________________________________________________
【辨析】anyone与any one
anyone 用作代词，只能指人，意为“任何人,有人”，不能与of短语连用
any one既可以指人，也可以指物，意为“任何一个人或任何一个物”，强调只限一个，可以和of短语连用，表示多数之中的任何一个
Eg：家里有人吗？_____________________________________________________________
你可以从这些当中选择任何一个。________________________________________________
9、 Some college students are ready to help.
(1) college 可数名词，意为“学院”
相关拓展短语：
Be in college正在上大学 go to college上大学
（2） be ready to do sth.“准备做某事”
Eg: 他随时准备帮助他人。________________________________________________________
【拓展】be/ get ready for+ 名词 意为“为……做准备”
Eg: be ready for the lesson/ class准备好上课
10、 You’re lucky to have a community centre like that, Simon.
Lucky形容词，意为“幸运的”，反义词为unlucky，意为“不幸的”。
短语be lucky to do sth.意为“很幸运做某事”
Eg: 我很幸运成为你的朋友。______________________________________________________
你是个幸运儿。 You’re a lucky dog.
【拓展】
（1）lucky的名词形式为luck，意为“运气”
Good luck to you! 祝你好运！
（2） lucky的副词形式为luckily，意为“幸运地”
Luckily, he is still alive.幸运的是，他还活着。

Grammar ——一般将来时
表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
②　用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”
用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③　“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④　表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
⑤　现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥　shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)
⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.　

一般将来时练习
一、单项选择
(   ) 1.  There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
       A. will be going to       B. will going to be C. is going to be     D. will go to be
(   ) 2.  Charlie ________ here next month.
      A. isn’t working     B. doesn’t working C isn’t going to working     D. won’t work
(   ) 3.  He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
     A. will be; is            B. is; is C. will be; will be        D. is; will be
(   ) 4.  There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
   A. was        B. is going to have C. will have    D. is going to be
(   ) 5.  –_____ you ______ free tomorrow? – No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will   B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; going to be; will be
(   ) 6.  Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
         A. will gives     B. will give C. gives              D. give
(   ) 7.  – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。）
  A. No, you won’t.       B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t.        D. No, please.
(   ) 8.  – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
         A. get            B. am getting C. to get        D. will get
(   ) 9.  ________ a concert next Saturday?
    A. There will be      B. Will there be C. There can be     D. There are
(   ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
         A. have    B. will have C. had          D. would have
(   ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
        A. gives   B. gave C. will giving    D. is going to giving
(   ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
        A. writes    B. has written C. will write       D. wrote
(   ) 13. He ________ in three days.
   A. coming back      B. came back C. will come back     D. is going to coming back
(   ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain      B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain       D. doesn’t fine
(   ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
        – No, ________ （不去）.
          A. they willn’t.       B. they won’t. C. they aren’t.       D. they don’t.
(   ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
          A. will; go        B. do; go C. will; going          D. shall; go
(   ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
          A. do       B. will do C. going to do          D. will doing
(   ) 18. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go    B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes     D. flies; will go
(   ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching         B. watches C. is watching        D. is going to watch
(   ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
          A. shall be        B. will be C. shall going to be          D. will going to be
(   ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
         A. are having      B. are going to have C. will having        D. is going to have
(   ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
         A. Will; are           B. Will; be C. Do; be             D. Are; be
(   ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
          A. will           B. is C. will be          D. be
(   ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
    A. Are; going to borrow    B. Is; going to borrow
          C. Will; borrows      D. Are; going to borrows
(   ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ （好的）.
          A. Yes, please       B. Yes, you will. C. No, please.       D. No, you won’t.
(   ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
        A. is going to be    B. is going to C. will be           D. will is
(   ) 27. ________ open the window?
      A. Will you please       B. Please will you C. You please         D. Do you
(   ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________.
        A. will coming      B. be going to come C. come        D. am coming
(   ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
   A. takes       B. will take C. spends       D. will spend
(   ) 30. The train ________ at 11.
  A. going to arrive      B. will be arrive C. is going to        D. is arriving
二、动词填空。
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
2. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
 —I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
 —I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
 —What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
 —I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
6. —_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday?
 —No. I ______（visit）my teacher.
7. —______ I ______（get）you a copy of today’s newspaper?
 —Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）.

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