新概念英语第二册笔记-第40课.doc

Lesson 40 Food and talk进餐与交谈

Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner?

Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!"
参考译文
在上星期的一次宴会上，女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁。兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。当我在她身旁坐下来的时候，她甚至连头都没有抬一下。她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。我试图找个话题和她聊聊。
“一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了，”我说，“您去看吗？”
“不，”她回答。
“您今年去国外度假吗？”我又问。
“不，”她回答。
“您就呆在英国吗？”我问。
“不，”她回答。
失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意。
“年轻人，”她回答说，“如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！”
—、单词讲解 New words and expressions
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，严肃的
tight adj. 紧身的
fix v. 凝视
globe n. 地球
despair n. 绝望
hostess n．女主人
host
1)n．待客的主人
hostess 女主人
the host nation 东道国，主办国
例: China is the host nation of the 2008 0lympic Games.
中国时2008奥运会的主办国。

Who will play host to the next Olympic Games?
谁将举办下一届奥运会。
2) n．在…上作主人，招待
例: The Parwells are such good hosts.
巴维尔一家非常热情好客。
He acted as host to his father's friends.
他作为主人招待他父亲的朋友。
3) n．旅店的老板，酒店老板
landlord男老板；landlady 女老板
waiter服务员 waitress
host 男主人 hostess 女主人
prince ['prins] 王子 princess [prin'ses]公主
actor 男演员actress女演员
hospitality n．好客：殷勤待客
hostile adj．敌意的，不友好的
hostility n．敌意，敌对

unsmiling adj．不笑的，严肃的
un:否定前缀
unhappy 不快乐的
unlucky 不走运的
uncomfortable 不舒服的
unsure 无把握的
unsparing 不吝惜的，不宽恕的
unsteady 不坚固的；不稳的
untrue 不真实的
unused 不习惯的
smiling adj． 微笑的
laughing faces 笑脸
be no laughing matter 不是开玩笑的事
a smiling policeman 一个微笑的警察
a smiling face 一个笑脸
smile
1) n．微笑，笑容，喜色
force a smile 强颜欢笑
wear a smile 面带笑容
例：She was all smiles．她满面笑容。
a bewitching smile 令人销魂的一笑
bewitching adj． 使人心醉的，使人着迷的
a charming smile 妩媚的笑
a grim smile狞笑
grim[grim] adj．讨厌的，糟糕的；严厉的；严酷的
a bitter smile苦笑
bitter adj．充满仇恨的：令人不快的：有苦味的
2) v．微笑
smile at sb 对…微笑
smile on sb or sth 对…表示赞成或鼓励
例：She smiled at his threats． 她对他的威胁一笑置之。
Fortune smiled on us. 我们交了好运.
smile one's tears away 破涕为笑
laugh笑，发笑（笑出声）
sneer 嗤笑，嘲笑，讥笑（流露出高人一等，轻蔑的表情）
grin[grin] 咧着嘴笑，呲着牙笑
ridicule ['ridikju:l] 嘲弄，嘲笑laugh at

tight
1) adj.紧的、不松的(反义词loose)
a tight black dress 黑色的紧身衣
a tight knot 系的很紧的结
These shoes are too tight for me．这些鞋对我来说大太挤挤脚了
His fingers were tight on my arm． 他紧紧抓住我的手臂。
a tight schedule 紧凑的日程安排
a tight match 势均力敌的比赛
或a close match
2)adj.小气的，憋闷的
A miser is tight with his money.
一个小气鬼对钱是很吝音的。
Her throat was tight with fear． 她因恐怖而感到喉咙堵塞。
tighten['taitn]v．使变紧，使绷紧
反义词 loosen
tighten up a screw 旋紧螺丝钉
tighten one' s belt省吃俭用
例: The police are tightening up on safety for the Queen' s visit.
警方为了女皇的来访正在加强安全保护措施。
fasten 使固定
blacken 使变黑
whiten 使变白
tighten V．使变紧是绷紧
tie V．系，扎，与…打成平局
tie fast 系紧

fix
1)V （使）固定，安装，修理，整理
例: The date is not completely fixed.
日期还没有完全确定
at the fixed time在规定的时间
Can the garage man fix over the engine?
修理厂的人能修好发动机吗？
He fixed up the broken chair． 他修好那把坏椅子了。
2)v．全神贯注于…尤指凝视
fix one' s eyes on sth 全神贯注凝视某事
fix one' s attention on sth 全神贯注于
或者说fix one's thought on sth
Stare 瞪着眼睛看,盯着看
glare 怒视，恶狠狠地盯着
glare at sb/sth
glance： take a quick look瞥一眼， 看一下
gaze [geiz] 久久地凝视，注视（通常指团惊讶或赞赏）
look at 看

globe n．球，球状物；地球(earth);地球仪
circle the globe 环地球一圈
all over the globe 全世界
global adj． 全球的环球的
a global tour 环球旅行
everybody wishes for global peace.每个人都渴望全球和平。
globalize V，使…全球化
globalize the economy 使经济全球化
globalize the culture 使文化全球化
globalization n． 全球化
modern adj．时髦的，现代化的
modernize V．使现代化
modernization n.现代化
real adj．真的
realize v． 是成为真的
realization n． 实现
despair n．绝望，失望反义词hope)
in despair绝望地despairingly
例: He gave in to the enemy in despair.
他绝望的向敌人投降了。
He left his hometown in despair.
他绝望的离开了故乡。
drive a person to despair /throw a person to despair
使某人陷入绝望
despairing adj.绝望的
a despairing look绝望的表情
despairingly adv.

二、关键句型Key Structures
if引导的条件句
1．真实条件句：
对将来可能发生的事情的假设，主句中用将来时或祈使句，从句用现代时。
例: If he is out, I' ll call tomorrow.
如果他不在的话我明天再打电话吧。
You'll miss the train if you don' t hurry.
要是你不抓紧的话，你就会错过火车的。
If I have time, I' ll write to him tomorrow.
要是我有时间的话我明天会给他写信的。
Please don't disturb him if he is busy.
要是他忙的话不要打扰他。
2．非真实条件句（虚拟语气
if从句谈论想象的情况，主句则推测想象的结果，再从句中要用动词的过去时，主句时would do，如果if从句的动词时be，那么无论从句主语是低级人称，统统用were的形式。
l) If you went to the exhibition you would enjoy it.
如果你去展览的话你会喜欢的。
2) If you saw him now you wouldn't recognize him.
要是你现在看到他的话你根本认不出来他。
3) Would he get annoyed if I told him about it?
要是我告诉他的话他会恼火吗？
4) If I were in your position, -I would act differently.
要是我住你的位置上我会做的不一样的。
5） He would help if he were here.
要是他在这的话，他会帮忙的。
6) If you could make him change his mind you would save him a lot of trouble.
要是你能改变他的注意的话，他会省去很多麻烦的。

Exercise用正确时态填空：
l)He would enjoy this if he_ (be) present.答案:were
2)She can do better if she_(try)答案:tries
3)1f play with matches, you_ (burn) your fingers.答案：will burn
4)1f you broke this window, you __(have to)pay for it.答案：would have to
5)1f you_ (lose) your way, you would have to ask a Policeman．答案：lost
6) If you__ (not apologize) , he will never speak to you again.窄筝妄芝：don' t apologize
7) If he _(be)clever, he would not have any difficulty.答案：were
8)What would you do if you_ (win)a lot of money?答案：won

三、课文讲解Text
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.
at a dinner party在宴会上面
/at a banquet/at a feast

next to
1)（场所，价值，顺序等）最接近的， 住…旁边的，紧接着…的
At the dinner party, I sat next to a large lady.
在宴会上面，我坐在一个身材高大的女士旁边。
2)在…后面 跟在…之后
例: Birmingham is the largest city in Britain next to London.
伯明翰是英国次于伦敦的第二大城市。
I am next to nobody in the text． 我考试得了第一名。
I came next to last in the exam． 我考试得了倒数第二名。

Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
in prep．穿戴（衣物等）
dressed in rags
clothed in rags 衣衫槛褛
the man in the hat戴着帽子的男的
the woman in white穿着白衣服的女士
例：She is in high-heel shoes． 她穿着高跟鞋。

She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.
even甚至，连通常置于所修饰的词前面，若修饰动词，则应放在助动词后实义动词前）
Even a child can answer such an easy question.
甚至连一个孩子都能回答这个问题。
He wants me to work even late at night.
就连深夜他也要我工作。
The man couldn't even write his own name.
这个人甚至连自己的名字都不会写。
even修饰比较级still
例: This book is interesting, but that one is even more interesting，
这本书很有趣，那本书甚至更加有趣。
look up
1)查看，查阅词典
例: I looked up the word in my dictionary.
我在字典里查阅这个词。
2)抬头看，向下看
3)（生意等）看好，好转

take one' s seat 坐上指定的席位
take a seat 坐一下，就座
have a seat
l)v．坐下
例：Please be seated. 请坐= Sit down, please
seat oneself 坐下
He seated himself next to her．他坐在她的旁边。
2)v．容纳（hold)
例：This theatre seats 2000 people。这个剧院能容纳2000人。
beside ->next to在…旁边

Her eyes were fixed on her plate and a shout time, she was busy eating.
be busy at sth
be busy with sth 忙于某事
be busy(in)doing sth 忙于做某事
例：She is busy at her homework． 她忙着写作业呢。
She is busy at her wedding. 她忙于准备婚礼。
She is busy writing letters． 她忙于写信。
as busy as a bee 忙个不停
busybody 爱管闲事的人

I tried to make conversation.
make conversation 闲谈, 聊天 try to think of things to say
informal conversation 不拘礼节的交谈
I had a conversation over drinks with him.
我边喝酒边和他聊天。
talk谈话（比较严肃）
talk with /to sb 和谁谈话
He refused to talk with me.
He refused to talk to me. 他拒绝和我谈话
I am talking seriously． 我是说正经的。
make用法总结：
I tried to make conversation with her.
我试图找个话题来聊一聊。
When she had made the beds, she went downstairs.
当她整理好床铺之后，她下楼了。
You mustn't make so much noise.
你不要制造这么多噪音。
I made a promise never to see him again.
我发誓再也不见他了。
He's the sort of person who always makes trouble.
他是那类总惹麻烦的人。
He is learning English but he hasn't made much progress.
他正在学英语但是没有取得多少进步。
He made a lot of money in South America.
他在南美洲赚了很多钱。
was asked to make speech． 我被要求做演讲。
I' II never make the same mistake agaln.
我再也不会犯相同的错误了。

I found it difficult to make up my mind.
我发现下定决心很难。
像make这样的词，很常见，被视为万能词，
再如do的用法：
He always does his best．他总是尽力而为。
When did you do your homework? 你什么时候做作业呢？
Do me a favor please? 帮我一个忙好吗？
I did a few jobs about the house.我干点儿家务活。
I can' t do any more work today． 今天已经不能再于活了。
I want you to do Exercise 24 0n page 16.
我想让你做16也的练习24。
工did a lot of shopping yesterday．我昨天买了很多东西。
That shop does very good business.那家商店生意很好。
The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.
这个新老师不知道该拿这个班怎么办了。
I' lI do the dishes，mommy． 妈妈我来洗碗

'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said 'Will you be seeing it?'
will be doing
用将来进行时询问别人的计划，打算，比一般将来时更显礼貌。
Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?
你今年会出国度假吗？
Will you be staying in England? 您呆在英国吗？
Will you be having supper with us this evening?
您今天晚上跟我们一块吃饭吗？
'No,' she answered
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked
'No,' she answered
Will You be staying in England?' I asked
'No,' she answered
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
原句是: Are you enjoying your dinner?
'Young man,' she answered, 'If you ate more and talked less ,we would both enjoy our dinner!'
相当于 But, you are talking too much. So both of us s are not enjoying our dinner.
ate more and talked less多吃少说话
结构非常简洁，形成鲜叫对比
例: Everyone wants to earn more and work less.
每个人都想多赚钱少工作。
Some students hope to play more and study less.
有些学生想要多玩少学习。

Special Difficulties
用make和do的正确形式填空：
1. He ____ a mistake and I told him to ____ the exercise again.
答案： made do
2. He ____ business in Australia and ____ a lot of money.
答案： does makes
3. I know you are ____ your best but you are not ____ very much progress.
答案： doing making
4. After I had ____ the beds. I went out and ____ some shopping.
答案： made did

四、练习
l. A new play is coming to 'The Globe'. It____.
A. hasn't come yet B. is here
C. has already come D. came
答案：A
分析：
A．还没有来呢，同is coming含义相符；B．在这儿
C．已经来了：D．来过都跟is coming含义不相符。
2. I asked her ____ she was enjoying her dinner.
A. weather B. in case C. if D. unless
分析：
A．天气 B．万一 D．除非. 都不符合题意，不能引导间接疑问句。C．是否，是个连词可引导间接疑问句。
答案C
3. Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ____it.
A. was glancing at B. was staring at
C. was thinking about D. was stuck to
分析：
A． 看一下，看一眼：B．凝视着，目丁着看；C。考虑，思考D． 固守，坚持
答案B
4. He sank into__ after his business failed.
A. destruction B. despair C. shortage D. chaos
分析
A．破坏，消灭 B．绝望 C．短缺 D. 混乱紊乱
答案B

五、复习
非真实条件句
对现在事实做相反的假设，或者对不可能的事情作假设，主句要求使用would do，从句使用一般过去时。
例：
If you went to the exhibition you would enjoy it.
如果你去展览的话你会喜欢的。
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
要是我在你的位置上我会做的不同的。
He would help if he were here.
要是他在这的话，他会帮忙的
a smiling face一个笑脸
wear a smile 面带笑容
fix one' s eyes on sth 全神贯注凝视某事
fix one' s attention on sth 全神贯注于
in despair 绝望地
at a dinner party 在宴会上
next to sb 挨着某人
take one' s seat 坐上指定的席位
be busy(in)doing sth 忙于做某事
make conversation 闲谈， 聊天
have a conversation with 跟某人谈话

六、补充内容
谚语
1. Early to bed and early to raise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
如果生活有条理，就能在身体，物质和精神方面获益：睡得早，起得早，富裕、聪明、身体好。
2．East or West，home，s best．金窝银窝，不如自家草窝：哪也比不上自己的家。
There's no place like home.