通用版2019中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义.doc

非谓语动词
学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师：
授课日期

授课时段
08：00-10:00
授课主题
非谓语动词
教学内容
课前回顾
1. 单词默写
2. 作业讲解

知识梳理
知识点1：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式（重点）
1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语,所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。

2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1） 作主语
     例如：To learn English well is not easy。 或  It is not easy to learn English well。
    【说明】动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
    It is + adj。+ 动词不定式
    如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb。
     It is + adj。+ for sb。 To do sth。
辨析：It's for sb。和 It's of sb。
A。 for sb。 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
　 It's very hard for him to study two languages。 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
B。 of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever foolish, right。
　 It's very nice of you to help me。 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法：
　 用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如： You are nice。　(通顺,所以应用of)。He is hard。　(人是困难的,不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。)

2）作表语
    My wish is to become a teacher。

补充：常见可用不定式做表语的名词（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim）
3）作宾语
    Most of us like to watch football matches。
补充：当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时,常用it做形式宾语,不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。
常构成以下句型（sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）
4）作宾语补足语
    He told me to be here on time。
5）作定语
    I have nothing to say about that thing。
6）作状语
    He stopped to have a look。
补充：对作状语的不定式to do 提问,用疑问代词why
【说明】动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成
    例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake。

3、不定式的否定形式：
Tell him not to shut the window…　
　 典型例题
Tell him ___ the window。　
　 A。 to shut not　 B。 not to shut　 C。 to not shut 　 D。 not shut　
　 答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth。

4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how,
why等后面可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine。   (不定式作宾语)
            (2) How to use the machine is a question。 (不定式作主语)
             (3) The question is when to go there。 (不定式作表语)

5、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词 let, have, make：
2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
　 A。 I saw him dance。 　=He was seen to dance。
　 B。 The boss made them work the whole night。
　=They were made to work the whole night。
3）would rather,had better + do

【难点】
6、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…
He is too excited to speak。
2）enough to do：足以做 …
The child is old enough to go to schooll。
3）so as (not) to do/in order(not) to: 表示目的
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby。

7、不定式的难点：
用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。

二、动词的-ing形式：
  1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的作用可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1)动名词作主语
Walking is good exercise。 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语
My favorite sport is swimming。 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3） 动名词作宾语
Jim dislikes eating chocolate。 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
She can’t help crying at a sad movie。 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
【说明】 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。
【记忆口诀】“Le pm KFC AD”：
look forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish、cinsider、Admit 、deny

2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语,表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe
例如：1）There we found him watching TV。 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door。 我听见有人在敲门。
3．比较：
1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构,因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。
2）区别
①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生,此外,若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式,而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。
②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。
3）接不定式或动名词,意义相同：
begin to do begin doing
start to do start doing
4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：
A。stop to do　　　　　 stop doing　　　
　 B。 forget to do　　　　 forget doing
　 C。 remember to do　　　 remember doing　　　　　
　 　 D。 try to do　　　　　　 try doing
　 E。 go on to do　　　　 go on doing　　　　　　　
　 F。 continue to do continue doing

随堂练习
1。 The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century。
　　A。 having written B。 to be written
　　C。 being written D。 written
2。 —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting。
　　—Well, now I regret _______ that。
　　A。 to do B。 to be doing C。 to have done D。 having done
3。 We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet。
　　A。 having met B。 meeting C。 to meet D。 to have met
4。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______。
　　A。 not to B。 not to do C。 not do it D。 do not do
5。 Paul doesn’t have to be made _______。 He always works hard。
　　A。 learn B。 to learn C。 learned D。 learning
6。 _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him。
　　A。 Losing B。 Having lost C。 Lost D。 To lost
7。 The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation。
　　A。 to eat not B。 eating not C。 not to eat D。 not eating
8。 The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B。C。, did not include women players until 1912。
　　A。 first playing B。 to be first played
　　C。 first played D。 to be first playing
9。 I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report。
　　A。 to go B。 to have gone C。 going D。 having gone
10。 European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world。
　　A。 making B。 makes C。 made D。 to make
11。 When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later。”
　　A。 read B。 reads C。 to read D。 reading
12。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult。
　　A。 not make B。 not to make C。 not making D。 do not make
13。 Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in。
　　A。 to have studied B。 to study
　　C。 to be studying D。 to have been studying
14。 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year。
　　A。 carried out B。 carrying out C。 carry out D。 to carry out
15。 _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river。
　　A。 Having suffered B。 Suffering
　　C。 To suffer D。 Suffered
16。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it。
　　A。 to see B。 to be seen C。 seeing D。 seen
17。 The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it。
A。 begins B。 having begun C。 beginning D。 begun
18。 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______。
　　A。 it what to do with B。 what to do it with
C。 what to do with it D。 to do what with it　　
19。 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen。
　　A。 smoke B。 smoking C。 to smoke D。 smoked
20。 She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden。
　　A。 visit B。 paying a visit C。 walk in D。 walking in
21。 When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______。
　　A。 to send B。 for sending it C。 to send it to D。 for sending it to
22。 —What do you think made Mary so upset?
　　—_______ her new bike。
　　A。 As she lost B。 Lost C。 Losing D。 Because of losing
23。 The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______。
　　A。 20 dollars remained B。 20 dollars to remain
　　C。 remained 20 dollars D。 remaining 20 dollars
24。 There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to choose。
　　A。 to be chosen B。 to choose from
　　C。 to choose D。 for choosing
25。 _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States。
　　A。 Being founded B。 It was founded
　　C。 Founded D。 Founding
26。 Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _______。
　　A。 he’d like to collect coins as well B。 he feels like collecting coins, too
　　C。 to collect coins is also his hobby D。 collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
27。 Finding her car stolen, _______。
　　A。 a policeman was asked to help B。 the area was searching thoroughly
　　C。 it was looked for everywhere D。 she hurried to a policeman for help
28。 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive。
　　A。 to make B。 making C。 to have made D。 having made
29。 Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university。
　　A。 lacked B。 lacking of C。 lacking D。 lacked in
30。 There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______。
　　A。 that; to be improved B。 which; to be improved
　　C。 where; improving D。 when; improving
31。 The discovery of new evidence led to _______。
　　A。 the thief having caught B。 catch the thief
　　C。 the thief being caught D。 the thief to be caught
32。 _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation。
　　A。 Given B。 To give C。 Giving D。 Having given
33。 The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew。
　　A。 having hung B。 hanging C。 hangs D。 being hung
34。 Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong。
　　A。 admit B。 admitted C。 admitting D。 to admit
35。 Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children。
　　A。 set up B。 setting up C。 have set up D。 having set up
36。 _______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm。
A。 To sleep B。 Sleeping C。 Sleep D。 Having
37。 With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time。
　　A。 settled B。 setting C。 to settle D。 being settled
38。 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour。
　　A。 waiting B。 to wait C。 wait D。 to be waiting
39。 In order to make our city green, _______。
　　A。 it is necessary to have planted more trees B。 many more trees need to plant
　　C。 our city needs more trees D。 we must plant more trees
40。 —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
　　—The key _______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers。
　　A。 to solving, making B。 to solving, made
　　C。 to solve, making D。 to solve, made
41。 The teacher asked us _______ so much noise。
　　A。 don’t make B。 not make C。 not making D。 not to make
42。 _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player。
　　A。 Having given B。 To give C。 Giving D。 Given
43。 He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger。
A。 put 　　　　　　 B。 to be putting 　　C。 to put 　 　　D。 putting

答案详解:
　1。 D。表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。
　　2。 D。regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事,表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”,主语通常是 I / we, regret 用一般现在时。
　　3。 C。agree 只能接不定式,在谓语动之后发生,用一般式,选 C。
　　4。 A。根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth,排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略 to 后的内容,只保留 to, 所以只有 A 对。
　　5。 B。make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。
　　6。 C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；这类习惯表达还有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿着红衣), be seated(就座)等。
　　7。 C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被动式。
　　8。 C。因 The Olympic games 与 play 是被动关系,排除 A 和 D；不定式的被动式,表示未来的动作,排除 B。表示“被动、完成”,用过去分词。
　　9。 B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式,排除 C 和 D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,后接不定式完成式,故选 B。
　　10。 A。现在分词作结果状语。
　　11。 D。 句中 read 意为“有某字样”,a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”,a message 与 read 是主动关系,因此用现在分词。
　　12。 B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier 形成对比的否定结构,两者在句中作表语。
　　13。 A。由 studied 可知,他曾到国外留过学,“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前,所以要用完成式。

　　14。 A。此句结构复杂,句中的 that 引导一个定语从句,它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语,the plan 与 carry out 是被动关系,因此,用过去分词作宾补。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year。
　　15。 A。句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染,现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”。suffer 发生在 clean up 之前,且有 already 暗示,无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
　　16。 B。remain 作“尚需”解,要接不定式作表语,see 与 it(形式主语,指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。
　　17。 D。“连词+分词”作状语,依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词。the research 与 begin 是被动关系,用过去分词 begun。
　　18。 C。do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构,可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。
　　19。 B。find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语,但不接不定式。he 与 smoke 是主动关系,用 -ing 形式作补语,故选 B。
　　20。 D。look forward to 中 to 是介词,后接动词要用动名词。若选 B,应在其后加 to 才行。
　　21。 C。不定式作定语,the person 是 send it 的对象,可理解为 to send it to the person。
　　22。 C。用完整的句子应这样回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。
　　23。 D。因为 remain 是不及物动词,其过去分词无被动含义,所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定语,修饰 20 dollars。
　　24。 B。句意是“有五双可供选择,我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”,而不是选择五双。
　　25。 C。Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系,且早在1636年已建立,故用过去分词。
　　26。 D。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因 and 连接两个并列的简单句,前一分句用-ing 形式作主语,后一分句也应用 -ing 形式作主语。
　　27。 D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。Finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she,故选 D。意为：她发现她的车被人偷了,她就赶紧报警求援。
　　28。 A。不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。
　　29。 C。“连词+分词”作状语。his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系,又因为 lack 是及物动词,不用介词,故选C。
　　30。 A。that 引导的从句与 problem 是同位语。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。
　　31。 C。lead to(导致、使)中的 to 是介词,后接动名词；逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 是被动关系,故选 C。
　　32。 A。given 作介词,意为“鉴于、考虑到”,可接名词或 that 从句。
　　33。 B。hang 表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可,但不能填 being hung