新版新目标英语八年级下册unit1知识点总结.doc

Unit 1. what’s the matter?
Section A
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
(1)matter n. 问题；事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了？
matter 和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用
What’s the matter with sb? = What’s your trouble?= What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
(2) matter v 要紧，有关系 用于否定句或疑问句中
It doesn’t matter. 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）
Does it matter if I’m a little late?
(3) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上

2. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
3.have a/an + 疾病名词 患……病 (cold/fever/cough)
have a cold =catch a cold 感冒 have a fever发烧
have a sore throat喉咙疼 have a sore back背疼
have a stomachache 胃痛 have a toothache牙痛
have a headache 头痛 have a backache背痛 have a earache 耳朵痛

4. back n 背；背部 at the back of......在......的后面
adv 回原处 往回去 go/come back 返回 give back 归还

5. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手
v 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发

6.too much + 不可数名词    太多的… 
修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
much too +形/副    实在太… 极其，非常
too many + 可数名词复数  太多的…

7.enough
(1) adj. 足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time
(2) adv. 足够地， 十分，相当 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv后 expensive enough
(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.

8. with prep
(1)具有， 带有 , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征 （反） without
hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 tea with sugar 加糖的茶 coffee with sugar 加糖的咖啡
China is a country with a long history.
She is a girl with long hair.
(2)prep. 和......一起 talk with sb I like to talk freely with my friends.
(3)prep 用......， 使用某种工具 Cut it with a knife. Write with a pen
(4)状语 He came in with a big smile.

9. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？
should 应该 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldn’t 不应该
主语+ should/ shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..
take one’s temperature 量体温

10. need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词
need情态动词，仅用于否定结构和疑问句或if/whether引导的宾语从句态动词
(1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help.
(2)人做主语 sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事
Do you need to drink more water?
(3) 物做主语 sth need doing sth = sth need to be done 表被动
(4) needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要 must, need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用
Must I hand it in today?No. you ____ .You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't
Must I finish my homework now? No, you ______. You can go home now.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
Must I start now?No, you_______ A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't
Need I go to school?-- Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.

11.I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
without doing sth. 没有做某事、没做某事
I let the day away without doing anything at all. 我一点事也没干就让一天过去了。
The storm passed off without doing much damage.暴风雨过去了，没有造成多大灾害。

12. lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ ) 躺 ；平躺
lie → lay → lain v 躺 卧 (现在分词lying ).
lie → lied → lied v 撒谎 (现在分词lying ).
lay→ laid →laid v 下蛋，产卵 (现在分词laying ).
lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息

13. neck n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌
hurt v. 使痛 ；受伤
表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。
My leg hurts.

14. see （saw , seen） v 看见
see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生，强调整个过程）
see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）

15. along/ down
相同点： prep 顺着；沿着
不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向
down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走

16. get on--get off 上下大型交通工具（bus, train, plane）
get into—get out of 进入/出来 小型交通工具（car, taxi,lift）
get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过
get on／along well with与……相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达

17.have to 客观需要 don’t have to不需要
must主观必要 mustn’t 不准，禁止
have to多种时态，有单三

18. surprise
(1) v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me.
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶
be surprised + that从句 因...而惊讶
(2) n 惊讶
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地
to one’s joy/disappointment/satisfacation

19.agree v→ (反)disagree – agreement n同意
(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. (2) agree to do sth 同意做某事
(3) agree on sth

20. thanks to 多亏；由于
(1)thanks to习语介词，thanks不可改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，to表示感谢的对象
(2)thanks for 因……而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing
(3) Thanks=thank you

21. on time 准时 in time 及时
on time=at exactly the right time. 准时 （在规定的时间之内） 强调与某个时刻一致
in time = with enough time to spare/ not late 及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间
提前发生
at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空
all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到……时候 for the first time 第一次
It’s time to do sth =It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了
It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s
at once “立刻；马上”；on time“按时”；by accident“偶然”；at present“目前;现在”。

22.trouble/'trʌbl/n .问题；苦恼
get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼） be in trouble 处于困境中
have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
That is a monkey on his back. Let’s help him. C 沉重负担
A. He has a monkey B. He likes playing with the monky
C. He is in trouble D. He is good at studying

23. 反身代词
(1)反身代词的构成
第一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成
单数
myself
yourself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves
单数：
himself
herself
itself
复数：
themselves
(2)反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学
by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍
(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。

24. fall → fell → fallen v 落下； 跌落
fall down 摔倒，强调滑倒，摔倒，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from
She fell down from her bike
fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。
The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike.
fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river.
fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡

Section B
1. feel sick 生病；不舒服
sick /ill adj. 生病的
(1) sick adj. 生病的，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。
be sick of …讨厌；厌恶…… sick person = patient 病人
(2) ill adj. 生病的，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill → illness n.“病；疾病”

2.be interested in
interest
(1)n 兴趣→interesting adj.令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） →interested adj. 对……感兴趣（只做表语）
(2)interest v. 引起……关注；使……感兴趣
be interested in sth./ doing sth.对……变得感兴趣
= show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对……的极大兴趣;
(3) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对……感兴趣
(4) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣

3.as prep 作为，以……身份
4. be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）
(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完
(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth

5.one of … ......之一
one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
One of the most popular colors is red in China.

6. hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/) 用手或器具击；打
hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face.

7. almost / nearly adv 差不多、几乎、将近 都是程度副词,可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,
有时它们可以相互取代

8. lose → lost→ lost v 失去lose one’s life 失去生命
9.because of 由于；因为
跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of

词性
用法
because
连词
后接句子
because of
介词短语
后接名词或/ving
(1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中)She’s worried because of her son.
(2) because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句）
(3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子
(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。

10. on 修饰具体的某一天 on a Sunday morning on Friday

11. find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很…… find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难

12.by oneself= alone = on one’s own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。
13. run → ran → run v跑
run out of =use up 用完
run out of 其主语通常是人 run out 其主语通常是物
run across 偶然遇见 run after 追求，追逐 run away 逃跑 run at 向…..冲去

14. own
(1) adj. 自己的
(2) v 拥有 → owner n 所有者，物主 one’s own 某人自己的
of one’s own /one’s own +n 某人自己的 (one’s 要用adj. 物主代词代替)
I want to have a big house of my own.

15. ready adj 准备好的，乐意的，愿意的，做表语
be ready to do sth 准备好了啦做某事
be ready for sth 为.....做准备

16. important adj. 重要的，重大的（反）unimportan
作为adj 常跟在am,is,are后面，或者n name,thing 等前面
importance n 重要性
the importance of sth/doing sth n. 某事、做某事的重要性
Our teacher often tells us the importance of studying hard.