医学博士英语写作总结dxy.doc

医学博士英语写作总结
一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。
二、现场写作技巧
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase;
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to;
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being;
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system；
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食；
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome；
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热；
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate
19.福祉 well-being, happiness；
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle;
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator copartner; coagent;
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise.
There have been more deaths from drowning.
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to；
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to;
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；
养老保险 endowment insurance；
退休养老金retirement pension；
Health Care Reform医疗改革
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；
37.月经期menstrual period
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care
40.安乐死euthanasia；
41.得绝症的terminally ill；
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.