英语时态讲解讲义(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Explanation of English Tenses,Wang Zhenghao,Teachers Training Center of,Chengguan District,1,1.Do you know how many kinds of tenses in English?Perhaps you can say it in Chinese?2.What are they?,1.,一般现在时态,主语,+be,或主语,+do/does,2.,一般过去时态,主语,+ved+,其它,3.,现在进行时态 主语,+be(am,is,are)+v-ing,4.,一般将来时态 主语,+will/be going to+v,5.,现在完成时态 主语,+have/has+,过去分词,6.,过去完成时态 主语,+had+,过去分词,7.,一般过去进行时态,主语,+,was/were+v-ing,8.,将来进行时,主语,+should/would be doing,9.,将来完成时,主语,+shall/will have+,过去分词,2,10.,一般过去将来时。主语,+would/should+v,主语,+was/were going to do,11.,过去将来进行时。主语,+should/would be v-ing,12.,过去将来完成时。主语,+should/would have done sth,13.,现在完成进行时。主语,+,have/has been v-ing,14.,过去完成进行时。主语,+had been v-ing,15.,将来完成进行时。主语,+,shall/will have been v-ing,16.,过去将来完成进行时。主语,+should+have been+v-ing,(,用语第一人称）,主语,+would+have been+v-ing,(,用语其它人称,）,3,1.,一般现在时态,2.,一般过去时态,3.,现在进行时态,4.,一般将来时态,5.,现在完成时态,6.,过去完成时态,7.,过去进行时态,8.,将来进行时,9.,将来完成时,The simple present tense or the present tense,The past tense,The present continuous tense,The simple future tense,The present perfect tense,The past perfect tense,The past continuous tense,The future continuous tense,The future perfect tense,4,10.,一般过去将来时,11.,过去将来进行时,12.,过去将来完成时,13.,现在完成进行时,14.,过去完成进行时,15.,将来完成进行时,16.,过去将来完成进行时,The past future tense,The past future continuous tense,The past future perfect tense,The present perfect continuous tense,The past perfect continuous tense,The future perfect continuous tense,The past future perfect continuous tense,5,The usage and concept of all kinds of tenses,表示,现在,经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常与一下表示频率的时间状语连用。,always,often,usually,sometimes,every week(day,year,month,morning,等,),。,表示主语现在的状态、能力、爱好、职业、性格。,His mother is a doctor.,表示客观真理、科学真理、自然界的普片现象或众人所知的客观事实。,The moon goes around the earth.,表示格言或警句。,All men die.,在,when,as soon as,before,while,so(as)long as,等引导的时间以及,if,in case,even if,，,unless,等引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。,其,他。,One,.The Simple Present Tense,6,The form of the simple present tense,Be,动词,I+am.,主语是第二人称和复数,+are,主语是第三人称单数,+is,实意动词,主语（第一、二人称及复数）,+V(,原型）,主语是第三人称单数,+,Vs,V-es,V-ies,have,的第三人称单数为,has,7,1.He often _(go)to school on foot.,2.His character _(be)like his father.,3.I will tell you when he _(come)back.,4.Good begun _(be)half done.,5.Bitter pills _(have)wholesome effects.,6.As the old saying _(go).,7.Light _(travel)faster than sound.,8.Here _(come)the bus9.There _(go)the bell.,10.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,well go to have a picnic,.,goes,is,comes,is,have,goes,travels,comes,goes,doesnt rain,8,表示说话人说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作。常与,now,look,listen,等次连用。,表示目前一段时间正在进行或发生的动作，不一定是说话瞬间。常与,at present,(,目前）,at these days,（最近）,this week(,本周）等。,1.Look!A train is coming.,2.Listen!He is playing the guitar.,3.What lessons are you studying this week?,4.What are you doing these days?,Two.,The Present Continuous Tense,主语,+be(am,is,are)+V-ing,9,The changing rules of the present participle,1.,一般直接在动词后加,ing.play-playing,2.,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的，去,e,再加,ecoming,bebeing,fleefleeing,dyedyeing,shoe-shoeing,3.,动词词尾为,ie,时，将,ie,变为,y,，再加,ing.diedying,lielying,tie-tying,4.,动词以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写,后再加,ing,10,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last(week,night,month,year,season.),，,ago,，,in+,过去的时间，,in those days,at that moment,等,表示过去经常、习惯性的动作、存在的状态或行为。,表示已故人所作的事情，也表示主语过去所具有的性格、能力等。,1.He usually _(go)swimming when he was a young boy.,2.The late writer _(write)a lot of funny stories for kids.,Three.,The Simple Past Tense,went,wrote,11,一般将来时,:,表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与,tomorrow,next,the day after tomorrow,in,+,时间段，,in the future,from now on等表示将来的时间状语连用。,表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时表示将来。类似的动词有,go,leave,start,begin,，,come,等。,在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时态，则从句用一般现在时态表示将来。,Four.The Simple Future Tense,12,表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。,at ten yesterday morning,at this time yesterday,from seven to nine last night,等时间状语以及,while,when,引导的时间状语,连用。,1.,I was reading a bookwhen,the bell rang.,2.I was watching TV,while,my mother was cooking.,3.At this time yesterday,he was playing football.,Five.,The Past Continuous Tense,13,现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。在表示这种意义时，句中的动词通常是“瞬间动词”。（常用的时间副词有：,already,，,yet,，,just,，,ever,，,never,，,before,等，其中,already,，,just,，,ever,，,never,等常用于助动词,have/has,后；,yet,，,before,等用于句末，且,yet,用于否定句和疑问句中。）,1.Theyve already won a game.,2.Have you got the plan ready yet?-No,not yet.,3.I have just got a letter.,4.Have you ever seen each other before?,Six.,The Present Perfect Tense,14,现在完成时表示过去已经发生的动作或存在的状态延续到现在,有可能还将继续持续下去,。在表示这种意义时，句中的动词通常是,“,延续性动词,”一些,“,瞬间动词,”,常用相对应的,“,延续性动词,”,来代替，常见的有：,buy,have,borrow,keep,come,be here,die,be dead,等。（句中的时间常由,for,或,since,引导。）,come-be,go out-be out,leave-be away(from),begin-be on,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-be a,member/die-be dead,become-be,open(v.)-be open,等。,I have studied English for three years.,She has had the book for two months.,He has made some friends since he came to China.,15,过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表示的是发生在,“,过去的过去,”,的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。与,by,before,by the end of,引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,for example,：,When I returned home,my guest had already left.,常用于,told,said,knew,heard,thought,ask,等动词后的宾语从句。,for example,：,She said(that)she had never been to Paris.,He asked what I had said.,Seven,.,The Past Perfect Tense,16,过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即,:,过去将来时是,“,立足过去,着眼未来,”,的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是,:,要有表示过去的,“,动作,”,而不是时间。,1.They were sure they would win the game.,2.He said he was going to try.,Eight.,The Past Future Tense,17,时态及其构成,一般时态,进行时态,完成时态,完成进行时态,现在,do/does,am/is/are+doing,have/has done,have/has been doing,过去,did,was/were+doing,had done,had been doing,将来,shall/will+do,shall/will be+doing,shall/will have done,shall/will have been doing,过去,将来,should/would+do,shall/will be+doing,should/would have done,should/would have been doing,18,将来进行时表示在将来某个时间正在发生的动作，,at this time.,九、将来进行时,19,表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关,.,They will have been married for 20 years by then.,You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow,.,十、将来完成时,20,过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用 宾语从句 中,尤其多用于间接引语中。,They said they would be coming.,十一、过去将来进行时,21,过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作。,He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.,他说他不能来因为要开会。,过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打 算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句（尤其是间接引语）中。,John told us that Mary would be coming next day.,约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。,22,过去将来完成时表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作。,过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。,十二、过去将来完成时,23,现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：,this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+,时间段,since+,时间点,for+,时间段。,We have been waiting for him for two hours.,我们等他等了两个小时。,十三、现在完成进行时,24,表示在过去比某个时间更早的某一段时间内一直在进行的动作，并对过去某一时刻产生结果和影响；到过去某一时刻为止，该动作可能已经不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文内容来判断。句子中常,含有,all+,表示时间的词，如,all day/morning,等。如：,It had been raining heavily for two days.,大雨一直下了两天。,十四、过去完成进行时,25,将来完成进行时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与,before+,将来时间或,by+,将来时间连用，也可与,before,或,by the time,引导的现在时的从句连用。,十五、将来完成进行时,26,过去将来完成进行时,表示,从过去,某时,看至未来,某,时以,前,会一直在,进行,的,动作,。,He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.,十六、过去将来完成进行时,27,28,