同等学力词汇记忆根据阅读文章记单词.doc

曹其军教授同等学力词汇记忆：根据阅读文章记单词
       单词记忆一直是同等学力英语考生最头疼的事。因为记单词本身很枯燥，而且在没有语境的情况下很难记住，常常是一边记忆，一边遗忘，况且我们的考生又都是已经参加工作多年的成人！所以很多考生对此感到很苦恼。本书的目的就是帮助考生解决这个问题——根据历年同等学力英语考试的阅读真题记单词。曹其军教授将1997年以来历年考试阅读文章翻译成中文，并且给出重点词汇的英文及其同义词或近义词，这样，考生就可以根据一个单词记住一连串的词汇。这些重点词汇基本上覆盖了同等学力英语一些经常出现和常考的内容。通过这种方法记单词，效率高，印象深，不易忘记，而且对阅读理解和英译汉也有很大帮助。这种记单词的方法推出后受到学员的热烈欢迎，取得了满意的效果。

             20XX年真题阅读文章词汇记忆
Passage One
　 Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same.
   Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.
     The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression.
   The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.
   For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.
    Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
   The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%,or two and a half days.
    Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends, and more likely that society will reject them.
    John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.
    The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier” against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.
   孤独（loneliness）与沮丧（depression: frustration）和其它健康（health）问题有关（link: combine, connect, unite）。现在，一项研究（study: investigation, research, survey）声称，孤独也会传播（spread: grow, improve, transmit）。一个孤独（lonely: alone）人的朋友有百分之五十二的可能性（likely: possible）会演变成（develop: grow, improve）有孤独感（feeling: sense）。那个朋友的朋友有百分之二十五的可能性会有孤独感。
    早期的发现（finding: discovery）显示（show: display, reveal, suggest），幸福（happiness: joy, welfare）、肥胖（fatness: thickness）以及戒（stop: quit）烟（smoking）的能力（ability: capacity, competence, power, skill）也可能像传染病（infection）一样在社会（social: societal）群体（group: team）中传播（grow: improve, spread, transmit）。这些发现都来自于美国马萨诸塞州一个名为弗雷明翰的城镇所进行的一项重要（major: chief, important, significant）健康研究。
     该研究始于一九四八年，是为了调查（investigate: examine, study, survey）心脏病（heart disease）的病因（cause: factor, reason）。从那时起，增加（add: enhance, increase）了更多试验（test: examination, experiment），包括测量（measure: survey）孤独和沮丧。
    新发现涉及（involve: relate）到五千多名弗雷明翰心脏研究的第二代（generation）人。研究人员（researcher）查验（examine: check, investigate, survey）了友谊（friendship: fellowship）史（history）以及有关孤独的报告（report: paper）。结论（result: conclusion, outcome）确立（establish: build, create, found, set）了这样一种模式（pattern: fashion, mode, way）——报道自己几乎没有亲密（close）朋友的人会传播。
    比如，孤独可能影响（affect: effect, impact, influence, shape）邻居（neighbor）之间的关系（relationship: connection, link, relation）。孤独会在曾经是好友如今相处时间很少的邻里间传播。研究还发现，与男性相比，孤独更易在女性中传播。
     该研究是来自于芝加哥大学、哈弗大学、加利福利亚大学以及圣地亚哥大学的研究人员所做的。研究发现发表（appear: publish）在上个月的《个性（personality: character, nature, quality, trait）与社会心理学（psychology）》杂志（journal: magazine）上。
    据说，普通（average: common）人（person: individual）一年大约有四十八天会有（experience: have, possess孤独感。该研究发现，有孤独的朋友可能增加大约十七天。但是，每增加（additional）一个朋友会减少（decrease: cut, reduce）大约百分之五的孤独感，或者两天半的孤独感。
    孤独的人会越来越不信任（trust: believe in）别人。这使得他们交朋友（make friends）会越来越难（difficult: hard, tough），社会（society: community, world）也越可能排斥（reject: abandon, discard）他们。
    芝加哥大学的约翰•卡乔波主导（lead: control, dominate, master）该研究。他说，鉴别（recognize: distinguish）并排除（deal with: cope with, solve, tackle）孤独很重要（important: significant, vital）。他指出，那些被社会边缘化（push to the edges）的人们应该得到（receive: gain, get, obtain）帮助，以便修复（repair: fix, mend）他们的社交网（network: net, web）。
    目标（aim: end, goal, object, objective, purpose, target）应该是建立（create: build, establish, found, set, settle）他所谓的（call: name）预防孤独的“防护（protective）屏障（barrier）”。他说，这种屏障可以防止（keep: prevent）整个网络瓦解（come apart: breakdown, collapse, overthrow）。    
         (详见北大辅导班教材)

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发表: 2011-05-21 10:13:24
第2楼

Passage Two
　　California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. “Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks.” That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense.
   California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital one can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.
    The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools.
    Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the state’s learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.
    Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation, a nonprofit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family.
   California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves.
   Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books.
   School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.
    加利福利亚有一个名为（call: name）“数字（digital: numeral）教材（textbook: material）新方案（initiative）”的新计划（program: device, plan, project, scheme）。“今年秋季，从中学数学（math: mathematics）和科学（science）开始，我们将是美国为学校提供（provide: give, offer, supply）政府同意（state-approved）的数字教材的第一州（state）。”这是州长阿诺德•施瓦辛格在六月份谈到他努力（effort: endeavor, try）让学校使用可以从网上免费（free）获得（available: usable）的教材时讲的一番话。他列举（list）了为什么数字教材有意义的（make sense: count, matter）原因（reason: cause, excuse, factor）。
    加利福利亚赞成（approve: agree, favor）在小学六年内使用传统（traditional: conventional）教材。数字教材可以提供（offer: give, provide, supply）最新的信息（information: data, message）。数字教材减轻（reduce: cut, decrease, lighten）了学校书包的负担（burden: load, shoulder）。数字教材拯救（save: rescue）了纸张和树木，使得学习更有趣（fun: funny, interesting），成为交互活动（interactive）。他说，最重要的是，数字教材用其资源（finance: resource, source）帮助了学校。
    由于严重的（deep: serious, severe）财政（financial）问题，加利福利亚洲不得不大幅度（severe: huge, large）削减（cut: decrease, reduce）学校的费用（spending: cost, expenditure, expense）。六百多万学生上的是加利福利亚公立（public: common）学校。
    今年早些时候，加利福利亚邀请（invite: request）乐意的（content: ready, wiling）开发商（developer）为中学提供数学和科学这两科的数字教材（material: textbook）。这些得满足（meet: fulfill, realize, satisfy）该州至少百分之九十的学习（learning: study）需求（requirement: demand, need, request）。受过特别（specially: extraordinarily, particularly）培训（train: educate, exercise, instruct）的教师审查（examine: check, investigate, survey）了十六种教材，对其中的十种表示认可。
    百分之六十的教材由CK12基金会（foundation: fund, trust）出版（publish: print）该基金会是一个非赢利（nonprofit）机构（group: framework, institute, organization），已经开发（develop: grow）数学和科学数字教材大约两年的时间。该基金会给教师和其他教育（education: instruction, training）人士（professional: specialist）付（pay）薪水，要求他们编写、编辑（edit: write）教材。经费（money: cost, expense）来自于一个受“克斯拉家庭”资助（sponsor: support）的团体。
    加利福利亚不能命令（require: demand, order）所有学校使用数字教材。私立（private）校区（district: area, part, region, section, sector, zone）将不得不自己决定（decide: determine）。
    加利福利亚教育部门（department: sect, section, sector）的官员（official）苏珊•马蒂莫说，她不期望（expect: hope, wish）立马就广泛（widely: extensively）使用数字教材。她最理想的估计（guess: estimate, evaluation）是，具备许多技术（technology technique）的学校将是第一批使用这种教材的学校，但只作为传统教材的辅助材料（addition: aid）。
    学校管理者（administrator: governor, manager）指出（point out: indicate, state），教材可以是网上免费获得的，但学生需要一种方法获取（access: gain, get, obtain）这些材料。不是所有人都有电脑（computer）或电子（electronic: electric）读物（reader）。学校可以印刷（print: publish）教材（copy: material, textbook），但那样对环境（environment: circumstance, condition, setting, situation, surroundings）不利。此外，还需要经费（cost: expense, money）来培训教师有效的（effectively: efficiently）使用数字教材。

      (详见北大辅导班教材)

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发表: 2011-05-21 10:16:41
第3楼

Passage Three
　　Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.
    The cheerful Mr. Pickwick the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump (胖乎乎的) and happy. In 18th century paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
    So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England’s chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.
    So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who find treadmills (跑步机) tedious, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people’s lives may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist, Professor Biddle, gyms are not making the nation fit, and may even cause harm.
    There’s new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unaccustomed exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.
     So, should we forget about gyms and follow some experts’ advice to increase exercise in our daily life? After all, getting off the bus stop early and walking the rest of the way can’t do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today?
    英国的医生（doctor: physician）正警告（warn: alarm）将有一个肥胖（obesity: fatness）定时炸弹（time bomb），到时候，已经超重（overweight）的孩子将长大成人（grow up）那么，我们该做什么？做更多锻炼（exercise: training）？吃更少食物？或者二者兼顾？政府（government: authority）认为（feel: believe, reckon, think），它应该为这个日益严重的（expanding: ever-increasing, growing）问题承担（take: bear, burden, shoulder）责任（responsibility: burden, duty, obligation）。
    快乐的（cheerful: delightful, happy, joyful）匹克威克先生（查尔斯•狄更斯小说中的英雄（hero））在插图（illustration: drawing, painting, picture）中被描绘成一个胖乎乎的（plump: fat）、快乐的（happy: cheerful, delightful, joyful）人物。在十八世纪的绘画（painting: drawing, picture）中，美丽（beauty）等同于（equate with: equal with）圆形的（rounded: circular, round）身体（body）和柔软的（soft: tender）曲线（curve）。但现如今，超重被看成是既不快乐也不美丽，是只会增加（increase: add enhance, improve, rise）患心脏病（heart disease）和中风（stroke）风险（risk: danger, hazard, venture）的一种标志（indicating: mark, sign, symbol）。
那么你该做什么？节食（diet）？根据英国最高（chief: leading）医疗（medical）官员（official）利亚姆•唐纳森爵士的观点，不要这样做。他指出，身体（physical: body）运动（activity: action, movement）是降低（reduce: cut, decrease）肥胖、癌症（cancer）以及心脏病风险的关键（key）。卫生大臣约翰•里德甚至说，不运动（inactive）就像吸烟一样严重（serious: severe），是引发心脏病的一个危险因素（factor: cause, excuse, reason）。
    那么，在购买了一些十字形（cross）训练器（trainer）后，你应该做多少锻炼呢？根据利亚姆•唐纳森爵士的观点，一个星期五天，每天做至少三十分钟的适量（moderate: rational, reasonable）运动。去体育馆（gym）是解决办法（answer: solution）吗？幸运的是，对于那些觉得跑步机乏味（tedious: dull）的人来说卫生发展（development: growth, improvement）部（department: part, section, sector）认为（believe: feel, reckon, think），适合（fit: suit）人们生活的身体运动可能更有效（effective: efficient）。他们建议（suggest: advice）爬楼梯（stair）而不是乘电梯（lift: elevator, escalator），建议走上扶梯（escalator: elevator, lift）、和孩子们玩活泼（active: positive）游戏（game: play）、跳舞或者做园艺（gardening）。根据运动（sports）心理学家（psychology）比德尔教授的观点，体育馆不是在使国家健康（fit: healthy），而是可能导致（cause: bring about, lead to, result in, set off）伤害（harm: damage, hurt）。
    有新的科学（scientific）证据（evidence: proof）显示，做太多锻炼其实可能对你有害。阿尔斯特大学的科学家（scientist）已经发现，不寻常的（unaccustomed: unusual）锻炼会释放（release: give out, set free）危险的（dangerous: hazardous, risky, venturous）自由（free）激进分子（radical），这些激进分子可能对不健康者的正常（normal: common, formal）功能（function）产生不利（adversely: negatively）影响（affect: effect, impact, influence）。唯一应该使（push: force）自己的身体在合适的（regular: rational, reasonable, right）基础（basis: base, foundation）上达到那种锻炼度（level: degree）的人是受过训练（train: educate, exercise）的运动员（athlete: player）。
    那么，我们应该忘记（forget）体育馆，并遵循（follow: obey）专家（expert: specialist）的建议（advice: suggestion）增加（increase: add, enhance, improve）我们日常（daily: everyday）生活中的锻炼吗？毕竟（after all），早点从公交车站（stop）下车（get off）然后走完剩余路程（rest: remain）不会造成任何伤害！最后一点。过去几代（generation）人缺乏（lack）体育馆设施（facilities: instrument），但却比现在的人们苗条（lean: slim）、健康，这是为何？
SIZE]

      [SIZE=3](详见北大辅导班教材)

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发表: 2011-05-21 10:18:08
第4楼

Passage Four
     A metaphor is a poetic device that de