M6U4单词讲解.doc

M7 Unit4 Helping people around the world
1. lack n. / v. 缺少;不足
a lack of care, money, water 缺乏关心﹑ 金钱﹑ 水
lack creativity/self-discipline/courage/experience 缺乏创造性/自制力/勇气/经验
be lacking in courage, strength 缺乏勇气﹑ 力气
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.
The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds. 工程因资金缺乏只得放弃.
* We are lacking in ideas. = There is a lack of ideas. = We lack ideas.
2. refer refers referring referred 提到，谈及；指称；与…有关；查阅，参考
This incident in his childhood is never again referred to. 他小时候的这件事永远不再提了.
Don't refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了.
In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.
Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
The figures refer to our sales in Europe. （be about） 与…有关
refer to a dictionary, an expert, one's notes 查阅词典﹑ 询问专家、查看笔记
He gave the speech without referring to his notes.
refer to somebody/something as… 将…称为…
The American Indians referred to salt as "magic white sand".
美洲印地安人将盐称作“神奇的白沙”
He likes to be referred to as 'Doctor Khee'.
refer sb/sth to sb 将…送交…以谋求帮助﹑指点﹑行动支持等
refer a patient to a specialist for treatment 把病人交给专科医生治疗
The dispute was referred to the United Nations. 该项争端已提交联合国处理.
I was referred to the manager/the enquiry office. 人家叫我去找经理[去问讯处].
reference n make reference to提及,论及 for reference 供参考
Avoid (making) any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病.
The original text is here for easy reference. 谨附原文以便查考.
Keep their price list on file for future reference.
reference book 参考书, 工具书
in/with reference to sb/sth (especially in business letters) about or concerning sb/sth 关于…
I am writing with reference to your job application.
I am writing to you in reference to the job opening in your department.
3. ambassador 大使 embassy 大使馆
Ambassador Caroline Kennedy assumed duty as Ambassador to Japan.
the British Embassy in Tokyo东京的英国大使馆 the American Embassy in Singapore
the staff of the Chinese Embassy Embassy officials 使馆工作人员
4. description描述﹑形容﹑说明 a vivid description 生动的描写
give a brief/detailed description of… 简单/详细的描写…
The writer began with a description of the area.
The police have issued a detailed description of the missing woman.
Can you give me a description of the thief? 你能给我形容一下那个窃贼的模样吗?
The scenery was beautiful beyond description. 那风景美丽得难以形容.
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 那景色之美难以言传。
5. worthy值得的；值得尊敬的,高尚的；有价值的
be worthy of sth be worthy of being done be worthy to be done
The event is worthy of being remembered. 那事件是值得记忆的。
This book is worthy of being read /to be read. a man worthy of praise /to be praised
a worthy cause正义的事业 a worthy opponent劲敌 a ~ accomplishment有价值的成就
worthwhile adj. 值得出力的, 值得做的; 值得花时间[精力]的
it is worthwhile to do sth I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.
You might find it worthwhile to consult a financial adviser.
it is worthwhile doing sth It wasn't worthwhile continuing with the project.
do a worthwhile job a worthwhile cause
Their gratitude made it all worthwhile.
6. in addition 除…以外（还），此外
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.
There's a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.
A new contract is in place. Additionally, staff will be offered a bonus scheme.
in addition/ apart from/ besides / furthermore / moreover/ what’s more/ on top of
He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪水之外还得到佣金。
7. equal adj.平等的, 相等的; 能胜任的; n. 同等的人，相等物；vt. 与…相等或相同
Women are demanding equal pay for equal work.
Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture.
应在混合物中加入等量的面粉和糖.
The rent was equal to half his monthly income.
I'm not sure he's equal to the task (= be up to).
She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.
论智力, 她和她哥哥不相上下.
He's my equal in strength.
Two plus two equals four.
　Prices should become more stable when supply equals demand.
equality of opportunity Women are still struggling for true equality with men.
They share the housework equally between them. 相等地; 同等地
8. voluntary acting, done or given willingly 自愿的; 自动的; 主动的
Charities rely on voluntary donations/contributions. 慈善事业依靠自愿捐赠.
a voluntary organization, institution, centre 义务性的组织﹑ 机构﹑ 中心
voluntary community work/ service义务社区工作
She does voluntary social work. 她从事义务社会工作.
The organization is run on a voluntary basis. 这个组织是由志愿人员管理的.
voluntarily adv
Susan worked in the studios voluntarily to gain experience.
She wasn't fired —she left voluntarily.
volunteer n 志愿者,自愿者 v 主动、自动提供, 自愿从事
Most of the relief work was done by volunteers.
I need some volunteers to help with the washing-up.
volunteer to do sth volunteer for sth
Helen volunteered to have Thanksgiving at her house this year.
She volunteered for relief work. 她自愿参加救济工作.
He ~ed for military service. 他志愿去服兵役。
volunteer information, advice, financial support 自愿提供情况﹑ 意见﹑ 资助

9. draw 吸引某人, 使某人感兴趣
Her screams drew passers-by to the scene. 她的叫喊声把过路人都吸引到现场.
I felt drawn to this mysterious stranger. 这个神秘的陌生人引起我的注意.
draw one’s attention draw sb's attention to sth 令（某人）注意某事物
She drew my attention to an error in the report. 她要我注意报告中的一处错误.
draw a conclusion 获取, 汲取（知识﹑ 经验等）
draw a moral /some lessons from a story 从故事中汲取教训
She drew inspiration from her childhood experiences. 她从童年的经历中吸取了灵感.
draw a comparison / a distinction between sth and sth 作对照/将两事物加以区分
The report draws a distinction between various forms of health care.
draw lots 抽签 We drew lots to see who would go first.
They drew 3-3. 比赛打成平手
draw up a contract / a list 拟订合同 / 写出一张清单
He was asked to draw up proposals for reforming the law. 草拟, 拟订
10. contribute捐献,捐赠；投稿；起作用,有助于,做出贡献; 促成,导致
contribute (ten pounds) to a charity collection
He contributed a large sum of money to the fund.
She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.
a situation where husband and wife contribute equally to the family budget
Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.
The fair weather contributed to the success of the expedition(探险).
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
make a contribution to… 捐赠； 作出贡献
a small contribution to the collection 少量捐款
He made a major contribution to peace in the region.
11. acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到 acquisition n.
acquire materials to make baskets 购买
He acquired a 25% stake(股份) in the business. 他认购了這個公司25％的股票。
acquire a good knowledge of English/an antique painting/a taste for brandy/a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语/得到一幅古画/学会喝白兰地酒/得到不诚实的名声
She have mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
How did she acquire her skill?
acquire proficiency in math 在数学上达到熟练水平
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.
We must cherish experience acquired at the cost of blood.
an acquired taste 逐渐培养的爱好
Abstract art is an acquired taste. 抽象派艺术要慢慢才会欣赏.
the acquisition of antiques, knowledge, a fortune 获得古董﹑ 知识﹑ 财富
Language acquisition begins in the first months of a baby's life.
12. expand 使膨胀,扩大,增强;扩展,发展（业务） expansion n.
Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热则膨胀.
Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years.
The computer industry has expanded greatly over the last decade.
Sydney's population expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.
　 the rapidly expanding field of information technology
the expansion of gases when heated 气体受热时的膨胀
an expansion in student numbers
The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems.
13. under the umbrella of the United Nations 在联合国的保护/管辖下
sheltering under the American nuclear umbrella 在美国核保护伞的庇护下
14. urgent adj. 急迫的, 紧急的 urgently adv. urgency n. 紧急情况，事件
My car is in urgent need of repair 我的汽车急需修理.
I detected a note of urgency in her voice. 我从她声音中察觉到情况紧急.
a matter of great urgency 紧急的事
Ambulance drivers are urgently needed. 急需救护车司机.
need sth desperately/badly/urgently More blood donors are urgently needed.
15. starvation n. 饥饿; 饿死; 挨饿
people dying of starvation
starvation wages 低于基本生活费的工资
The workers lived in poor conditions and were paid starvation wages.
pictures of starving children
What's for dinner? I'm starving! 晚饭吃什么? 我饿死了!
The poor dog starved to death. 那只可怜的狗饿死了
They are starving for affection / knowledge. 他们渴望情感/知识
16. fetch (去) 把(东西)拿来; (去) 把(人)带/叫来
fetch指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。
The chair is in the garden; please fetch it in. 椅子在花园里, 请把它搬进来.
Should I fetch you your coat / fetch your coat for you from the next room? 要我去隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来吗?
Fetch a doctor at once. 快去请医生来.
Please fetch the children from school. 请到学校把孩子接回来.
17. export n. 输出, 出口; 出口物; 输出物 v. 输出, 出口
a ban on the export of gold 禁止黄金出口
an export license 出口许可证 the export trade 出口贸易 export duties 出口税
Wheat is one of the country's chief exports.
India exports tea and cotton to many different countries. 印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花.
Italian food has been exported all over the world.
import n. / v. 进口, 输入
the import of coal 煤炭的进口 cars imported from Japan 从日本进口的汽车
Shanghai _____ is a major _____ of China, where China _____ a variety of goods from the other countries and _____ to the other countries. (port)
include /exclude (排除在外) entrance (入口, 门口) / exit (出口)
immigrate（外国移来/移居） / emigrate (移居外国)
immigrant (来自外国的)移民, (入境) 移住者 emigrant (由本国移居他国的)移民,移居者
18. alternative n. 选择, 二择一; 供选择的东西 adj. 两者择一的; 替代的; 供选择的
You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择.
You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet. 权利选择发言或保持沉默。
We have no alternative/ choice move. 除了搬家之外别无选择。
Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路.
find alternative means of transport 另找一个运输方法
The way was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative road.
这条路被封了，我们不得不走另一条路。
Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议?
19. if only
If only I were rich. If only I knew her name. 用以表示对现时的愿望
If only it would stop raining. 用以表示对未来的愿望
If only I had gone by taxi.
If only he had talked to her sooner! 用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望
only if 用于句首, 后接从句主谓倒装 只要; 只有
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
20. remote adj. 遥远的, 偏僻的 geographically remote areas 地理位置上
a remote region, village, farmhouse, border town偏僻的地区,村子,农舍,边陲小镇
= isolated
in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去[未来]
remote control遥控器 the remote sensor 遥感器
21. charity 慈善；慈善机构；赈济
give money to charity 为慈善事业捐钱 raise money for charity 为慈善事业筹款
a charity ball, concert, jumble sale 慈善舞会﹑ 音乐会﹑ 义卖
a charity performance义演
22. possess v. 拥有, 持有; 占有
They possess property all over the world. 他们在世界各地均拥有财产.
Different workers possess different skills.
possession n. 拥有; 占有;所有物; 财产
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel. 去国外旅行需持有护照.
personal possessions个人财产
He lost all his possessions in the fire. 他在火灾中损失了所有的财产.
He came here without friends or possessions.
sb. in possession (of sth) 拥有，占有, 控制（某物）
sth. in the possession of sb.
He is in possession of a large estate in the country. 他在乡下拥有一大块地产
The house has been in the family's possession since the 1500s.
Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match. 他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球.
The keys are in the possession of the caretaker. 那些钥匙由管理员持有 [保管]
The house is in his possession. 那栋房子为他所有
When do you take possession of your new house? 拥有, 持有; 占有
23. poverty n. 贫穷,贫困 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗
live in poverty 过着穷困的生活 poverty-stricken families贫困不堪的; 极度贫穷的
We need an effective strategy to fight / combat poverty.
20% of the population now live below the poverty line.
24. means n. 方法,手段
The quickest means of travel is by plane.
All possible means have been tried. = Every means has been tried.
use illegal means to get a passport 用非法手段获取护照
by all means: yes, of course; certainly 当然可以
— Can I see it? — By all means.
by means of sth 通过; 用; 借助于lift the load by means of a crane 用起重机把重物吊起
We express our thoughts by means of words.
by no means 决不, 一点也不
It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人绝非易事
The end justifies the means. [谚] 只要目的正当, 可以不择手段。
a means to an end 达到目的的手段
25. primitive 原始的
primitive culture, customs, tribes, man 原始文化﹑ 习俗﹑ 部落、人
Living conditions in the camp were pretty primitive. 营地的生活条件甚为原始.

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