比较级最高级知识点.doc

初中一年级形容词的比较级与最高级讲解以及习题
比较级的构成
　　一、形容词级的构成
　　1. 单音节形容词的比较级以及以-ly, -er, -ow结尾的形容词在词尾加-er；以e结尾的形容词在词尾直接加-r构成。dark→darker; quick→quicker; early→earlier; clever→cleverer; simple→simpler; narrow→narrower。（1）单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est：bright _____ ______; 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st：large; 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:easy 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est:clever slow
　　2. 多音节形容词的比较级在其前加more构成。important→more important; beautiful→more beautiful。
　　3. 表语形容词以及由分词变来的形容词，在其前加more构成。afraid →more afraid; interesting→more interesting; pleased→more pleased。
4. 少数形容词的比较级是不规则的： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old;
5.部分形容词本身表示最高级，因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式：favourite round
注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever old far

原级比较
　　1. 由“．．．as + 形容词 + as．．．”或“．．．as + 形容词 + 名词 + as．．．”构成。
　　My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.
　　Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.
　　I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.
　　2. 由“．．．not so (as) + 形容词 + as．．．”或“．．．not so (as) + 形容词 + 名词 + as．．．”构成。
　　Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.
不同级比较
　　1. 由“……形容词比较级 + than．．．”构成。
　　He is more concerned about others than about himself.
　　2. 由“．．．many / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词 + than．．．”
　　My friend earned much more money than I did last year.
特殊句型
　1. “比较级 ＋ and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get, become等。
　　She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.
　　As the winter is drawing near, it's getting colder and colder.
　　2. the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。
　　Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.
　　3. “the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”，表示“越……，越……”。
　　The more magazines you sell, the more money you will get.
　　4. “否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。
　　— Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
　　— I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
　　5. “a + 比较级 + 名词（than．．．）” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面。
　　How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a better voice.
　　6. 倍数表示法：．．．times as + 形容词原级 + as．．．；
　　．．．times + 形容词比较级 + than．．．；．．．times the + 性质名词 + of．．．。
　　The dining hall is three times as large as that one.
　　The dining hall is three times larger than that one.
　　The dining hall is three times the size of that one.
7、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
The more food you eat, the fatter you are.
8、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:
More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

注意事项
　　1. 为了避免重复, 常用the one代替单数可数名词, the ones, those 代替复数名词, that 代替单数或不可数名词。
　　2. 当比较对象属于同一范围时，需使用other来排除自身，否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾。
　　Canada is larger than any other country in North America.
　　4. “no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定。
　　Don't be proud so early. You are no better than me．
　　5. 比较级前面可以用even, still, yet , any, much, rather, a little, a lot, by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度。
　　To tell you the truth, my boyfriend is much older than me.
巩固练习：
（一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______ far____ _____
quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________
(二)用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.
5. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.
6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.
7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)
(三)选择填空：
1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired
2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?
A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst
3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them
4. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer
5. The earth is _____ the moon. A. as 49 times big as
B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as
D.as big as 49 times
6. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
7. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older
8. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____.
A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better
C. fastest and better D. faster and better
10.______ hurry, _______speed.
A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little
11. This kind of coffee is different ______.
A. and it is also better B. and better than the other
C. but also than others D. from the other, and better
(四)翻译句子：
1． 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
3． 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4． 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one.
5． 他比我大两岁。He is _____ ______ ______ than I.
6． 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.
7． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _____ ______ ___ every day.
8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.
9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two.
根据句中的关键词答题
　　1. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ______.
　　A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
　　【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为：新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
　　2. —Do you need any help, Lucy?
　　—Yes, the job is ______ I could do myself.
　　A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
　　【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。
　　3. Of the two coats, I’d choose the ______ one to spare some money for a book.
　　A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
　　【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two，因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。
通过分析的隐含意思答题
　　1. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is ______ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”
　　A. some B. much C. more D. most
　　【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙，句中既没有显示比较级的关键词，也没有暗示用比较级的than。而是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”两句进行比较，要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。
　　2. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers.
　　A. good B. better C. best D. the best
　　【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。
　　3. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
　　A. good B. better C. best D. well
　　【解析】B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。
　　4. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ______ one.
　　A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
　　【解析】C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。
根据相关的修饰关系答题
　　1. After two years’ research, we now have a ______ better understanding of the disease.
　　A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
　　【解析】B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。
　　2. Work gets done ______ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.
　　A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier
　　【解析】C。根据题意可知，说话者是将 when people do it together 和 when people don’t do it together 这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选 D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的 higher too 也可知道此题是考查比较级。
一、考查比较等级的基本用法
　　1. Of the two sisters Betty is _________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)
　　A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
　　【解析】答案选C。根据句中的of the two sisters可知，此题涉及的是两者比较，故用比较级；另外，由于是特指两者中的一个，故其前用定冠词，不用不定冠词。
　　2. Of the two coats, I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (四川卷)
　　A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
　　【解析】答案选B。因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。
　　3. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _________ one. (全国卷II)
　　A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
　　【解析】答案选C因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。
　　二、在语境中考查比较等级的用法
　　1. I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _________. (江西卷)
　　A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst
　　【解析】答案选B。既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”，那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”，故用worse。有意思的是，2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的湖南卷极为相似：
　　That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul, I’ve seen _________. What did you like most about the film? (湖南卷)
　　A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
　　由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知，说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事，所以用比较级worse。
　　2. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _________. (北京卷)
　　A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
　　【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为：新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
　　3. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _________ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” (湖南卷)
　　A. some B. much C. more D. most
　　【解析】答案选C。由于是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。
　　4. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _________ service for passengers. (江苏卷)
　　A. good B. better C. best D. the best
　　【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。
　　三、考查“否定词+a+比较级”结构
　　1. Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before. (全国卷III)
　　A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one
　　【解析】答案选C。“否定词（尤其是never）+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有……一个更……的”，这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than…短语，做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解，如：I have never read a better article. 我从未读过（比这篇文章）更好的文章（=这是我所读过的最好的文章）。I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过（比这部电影）更糟的电影（=这是我所看过的最糟的电影）。本题中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是“我从未听到过（比你这个事故）更好听的事故”。
　　2. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
　　—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before. (四川卷)
　　A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
　　【解析】答案选C。I’ve never been to a more exciting one before实为I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”，即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。又如：I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确，有时可省略than结构：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。
　　注意：有时根据不同语法结构的需要，也可能没有不定冠词。如：
　　No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。
　　I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
　　四、考查比较等级的修饰语
　　After two years’ research, we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease. (全国卷II)
　　A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
　　【解析】答案选B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。
　　五、考查相似比较级结构的区别
　　—Do you need any help, Lucy?
　　—Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself. (福建卷)
　　A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
　　【解析】答案选B。比较：less than意为“少于”；more than意为“多于，超过”；no more than意为“只有，只是”；not more than意为“不多于，至多”。做好此题的关键是注意句中的Yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。
　　六、考查近义比较的区别
　　This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _________ water and electricity than _________ models. (北京卷)
　　A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder
　　【解析】答案选A。less为little的比较级，主要用于修饰不可数名词，fewer为few的比较，主要用于修饰可数名词，据此可排除C和D，因为fewer不能用于修饰water；older与elder的区别之一是前者既可用于修饰人，也可用于修饰事物，而后者只用于修饰人，不用于修饰事物，故只能选A。
　　七、考查as…as结构的用法及修饰语的位置
　　1. It is reported that the United States uses _________ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)
　　A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
　　【解析】答案选D。由energy后的as可知，此题是考查as…as…结构。根据英语语法习惯，修饰as…as…结构的副词只能置于as…as…结构之前，不能置于其中。又如：She went out with a man twice as old as her. 她和一个年龄比她大一倍的男子来往。It cost three times as much as I had expected. 它花的钱比我预期的多两倍。
　　2. He speaks English indeed, but of course not _________a native speaker. (上海卷)
　　A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
　　【解析】答案选C。因为修饰动词speaks要用副词，排除A和B；又因为than只能用于比较级后而不能位于原级后，排除D。句意是：他的英语讲得的确不错，不过，当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。