国际经济学题库.docx

International Economics, 8e (Krugman)
第 24 页
Chapter 16

Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run
16.1

Determinants of Aggregate Demand in an Open Economy
1)

How does an increase in the real exchange rate affect exports and imports?
A)

Exports increase; imports decrease.
B)

Exports decrease; imports increase.
C)

Exports increase; imports change ambiguously.
D)

Exports change ambiguously; imports decrease.
E)

Exports increase; imports are constant.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

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2)

Which one of the following statements is the most accurate?
A)

For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a rise in domestic output must be accompanied by a depreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.
B)

For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a fall in domestic output must be accompanied by a depreciation of foreign currency, all else equal.
C)

For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a rise in domestic output must be accompanied by an appreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.
D)

For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a fall in domestic output must be accompanied by an appreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

New
3)

Which one of the following statements is most accurate?
A)

In general, consumption demand rises by less than disposable income.
B)

In general, consumption demand rises by more than disposable income.
C)

In general, consumption demand rises by more than income.
D)

In general, consumption demand rises by the same amount as disposable income rises.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

A
Question Status:

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4)

The current account balance is
A)

the supply of a country's exports less the country's own demand for imports.
B)

the demand for a country's exports plus the country's own demand for imports.
C)

the country's own demand for imports less the demand for a country's exports.
D)

the demand for a country's exports less the country's own demand for imports.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

D
Question Status:

Previous Edition
5)

The domestic currency price of a representative foreign expenditure basket is
A)

P, the domestic price level.
B)

E, the nominal exchange rate.
C)

P times E, the domestic price level times the domestic price level.
D)

P, the foreign price level.
E)

P times E, the foreign price level times the nominal exchange rate.
Answer:

E
Question Status:

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6)

Current account is given by the equation:
A)

CA=IM-EX (measured in terms of domestic output).
B)

CA=IM-EX (measured in terms of foreign output).
C)

CA=EX-IM (measured in terms of domestic output).
D)

CA=EX-IM (measured in terms of foreign output).
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

New
7)

The domestic currency price of a representative domestic expenditure basket is
A)

P, the domestic price level.
B)

E, the nominal exchange rate.
C)

P times E, the domestic price level times the domestic price level.
D)

P, the foreign price level.
E)

P times E, the foreign price level times the nominal exchange rate.
Answer:

A
Question Status:

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8)

The real exchange rate, q, is defined as
A)

the price of the foreign basket in terms of the domestic one.
B)

the price of the domestic basket in terms of the foreign one.
C)

the price of the foreign basket.
D)

the price of the domestic basket.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

A
Question Status:

Previous Edition
9)

A country's domestic currency's real exchange rate, q, is defined as
A)

E.

B)

E times P.
C)

E times P.
D)

(E times P)/P.
E)

P/(E times P).
Answer:

D
Question Status:

Previous Edition
10)

If the representative basket of European goods and services costs 40 euros, the representative U.S. basket costs $50, and the dollar/euro exchange rate is $0.90 per euro, then the price of the European basket in terms of U.S. basket is
A)

[(0.9 $/euro) (40 euro per a European basket)]/[(50 $/U.S. basket)].
B)

[(0.9 $/euro) (50 $/U.S. basket)]/[(40 euro per a European basket)].
C)

[(40 euro per a European basket)]/[(50 $/US. basket) (0.9 $/euro)].
D)

[(50 $/U.S. basket)].
E)

[(0.9 $/euro) (40 euro per a European basket) (50 $ U.S. basket)].
Answer:

A
Question Status:

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11)

When EP/P rises,
A)

IM will rise.
B)

IM will fall.
C)

IM may rise or fall.
D)

IM is not affected.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
12)

When the real exchange rate rises,
A)

Imports measured in terms of domestic output will rise.
B)

Imports measured in terms of domestic output will fall.
C)

Imports measured in terms of domestic output will never be affected.
D)

Imports measured in terms of domestic output may rise or fall.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

D
Question Status:

Previous Edition
13)

Which one of the following statements is the most accurate?
A)

An increase in disposable income improves the current account.
B)

An increase in disposable income does not affect the current account.
C)

An increase in disposable income worsens the current account.
D)

An increase in income worsens the current account.
E)

An increase in income improves the current account.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
14)

Which one of the following statements is the most accurate?
A)

An increase in the real exchange rate and an increase in disposable income improve the current account.
B)

A decrease in the real exchange rate and a decrease in disposable income improve the current account.
C)

A decrease in the real exchange rate and a increase in disposable income improve the current account.
D)

An increase in the real exchange rate and a decrease in disposable income improve the current account.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

D
Question Status:

Previous Edition
15)

Disposable income is defined as:
A)

Y-C.
B)

Y-T.
C)

C-T.
D)

I-C.
E)

Y-I.
Answer:

B
Question Status:

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16)

The real exchange rate is:

A)

how much of a foreign currency you can buy with the domestic currency.
B)

foreign CPI divided by the domestic CPI.
C)

the price of foreign goods in terms of domestic goods.
D)

the price of foreign goods in dollars.
E)

the domestic currency divided by the price level.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
17)

An increase in the real exchange rate:
A)

makes imports more expensive.
B)

makes imports less expensive.
C)

does not affect import values.
D)

always makes the number of imports rise.
E)

A and D.
Answer:

A
Question Status:

Previous Edition
18)

Which of the following compete to determine whether the current account improves or worsens following a rise in the real exchange rate:
A)

appreciation and depreciation.
B)

crowding Out effect and producers effect.
C)

volume effect and value effect.
D)

volume effect and inflation.
E)

producers effect and value effect.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
19)

The current account increases when:
A)

real exchange rate decreases.
B)

real exchange rate increases.
C)

disposable income increases.
D)

exports fall.
E)

domestic prices fall.
Answer:

B
Question Status:

Previous Edition
20)

Which of the following would NOT cause the real exchange rate to rise?
A)

a rise in the exchange rate, E
B)

depreciation of the home currency
C)

a right shift of the aggregate demand curve
D)

a rise in foreign prices, P
E)

a fall in domestic prices, P
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
21)

What is the best way to describe aggregate demand?
A)

quantity required to satisfy equilibrium
B)

exports decrease; imports increase
C)

amount of a country's goods and services demanded by household and firms throughout the world
D)

individual's demand
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
22)

What have we assumed when we conclude that a real depreciation of the currency improves the current account?
A)

The volume effect outweighs the value effect.
B)

The value effect outweighs the volume effect.
C)

All else equal and the volume effect outweighs the value effect.
D)

All else equal and the value effect outweighs the volume effect.
E)

None of the above.
Answer:

C
Question Status:

Previous Edition
23)

A country's domestic currency's real exchange rate, q, is best described by
A)

the price of similar goods in the same market.
B)

the price of the domestic basket in terms of the foreign one.
C)

the price of a domestic basket.
D)

the price of the foreign basket in terms of the domestic basket.
E)

the price of different goods baskets in the same market.
Answer:

D
Question Status:

Previous Edition
24)

Explain how does an increase in the real exchange rate affect exports and imports?
Answer:

When the real exchange rate increases, domestic products are cheaper relative to foreign products. Due to this, exports increase as foreigners demand more of our exports. The change in imports is ambiguous because fewer units of imports are purchased (the volume effect), but each foreign unit is now more expensive (the value effect). Remember: exports and imports are measured in terms of domestic output, i.e. dollar value, not volume of units. However, we often assume that the volume effect outweighs the value effect, so that imports decrease when the real exchange rate rises.
Question Status:

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25)

Please discuss the volume effect and the value effect in regards to how the current account will move given a change in the real exchange rate.
Answer:

The volume effect takes place when consumer spending shifts on export and import quantities, while the value effect results when the domestic output worth of a given amount of foreign imports is changed. It is assumed that the volume effect outweighs the value effect, so that, other things equal, a real depreciation of the currency improves the current account.
Question Status:

Previous Edition
26)

What is the real exchange rate? What is its relationship to the current account?
Answer:

Defined as: EP/P (the exchange rate multiplied by foreign prices, divided by domestic prices).
While the nominal exchange rate measures how much of a foreign currency one can buy with a unit of domestic currency, the real exchange rate measures how many goods and services one could buy.
A rise in the real exchange rate (a depreciation of domestic currency) means that domestic goods are cheaper compared to foreign goods, so exports increase and imports decrease. Aggregate demand increases and the CA rises. A fall in the real exchange rate has the opposite effect: Aggregate demand decreases and the CA falls.
Question Status:

Previous Edition
27)

Monetary expansion causes the current account balance to increase in the short run. Discuss. Is the same the case for fiscal expansion?
Answer:

Am increase in the money supply leads to an increase in Y and E (output increases and the currency depreciates, respectively). Because of the currency depreciation, domestic goods are now cheaper compared to foreign goods. Exports increase and imports decrease, therefore the CAB increases.
An expansion of fiscal policy actually reduces the CAB: the DD curve is shifted right. Therefore Y rises, but E falls (output rises but the currency appreciates.) Domestic goods are more expensive, and the CAB falls.
Question Status:

Previous Edition
28)

Find the real exchange rate for the following case: Assume that the representative basket of European goods and services costs 40 euros and the representative U.S. basket costs $50, and the dollar/euro exchange rate is $0.90 per euro, then the price of the European basket in terms of U.S. basket is ________.
Answer:

[(0.9 $/euro) (40 euro per a European basket)]/[(50 $/U.S. basket)]
Question Status:

Previous Edition
29)

Find the real exchange rate for the following case: Assume that the representative basket of European goods costs 150 euros and the representative U.S. basket costs $90, and the dollar/euro exchange rate is $0.80 per euro, then the price of the European basket in terms of U.S. basket is:
Answer:

[(0.80 $/euro) (150 euro per a European basket)]/[(90 $/U.S. basket)] = 1.33 U.S. baskets/European basket.
Question Status:

Previous Edition
30)

Find the real exchange rate for the following case: Assume that the representative basket of European goods costs 150 euros and the representative U.S. basket costs $200, and the dollar/euro exchange rate is $1.20 per euro, then the price of the European basket in terms of U.S. basket is:
Answer:

[(1.20 $/euro) (150 euro per a European basket)]/[(200 $/U.S. basket)] = 0.9 U.S. baskets/European basket.
Question Status:

Previous Edition
31)

Find the real exchange rate for the following case: Assume that the representative basket of European goods costs 100 euros and the representative U.S. basket costs $125, and the dollar/euro exchange rate is $0.75 per euro, then the price of the European basket in terms of U.S. basket is:
Answer:

[(0.75 $/euro) (100 euro per a European basket)]/[(125 $/U.S. basket)] = 0.60 U.S. baskets/European basket.
Question Status:

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32)

Fill in the following table:
Answer:

Question Status:

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33)

Fill in the following table
Answer:

Question Status:

Previous Edition
16.2

The Equation of Aggregate Demand
1)

How does a rise in real income affect aggregate demand?
A)

Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies Im ↑ implies CA ↓ implies AD ↓, but Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies C ↑ implies AD ↑ by more
B)

Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies Im ↓ implies CA ↓ implies AD ↓, but Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies C ↑ implies AD ↑ by more
C)

Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies Im ↑ implies CA ↑ implies AD ↑, and Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies C ↑ implies AD ↑
D)

Y ↑implies Yd ↑ implies Im ↑ implies CA ↓ implies AD ↓, but Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies C ↑ implies AD ↑ by less
E)

Y ↑ implies Yd ↑ implies Im