a-clean--welllighted-place.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,a clean welllighted place,Ernest Hemingway Biography,2025/6/6 周五,2,Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961),born in Oak Park,Illinois,started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen.After the United States entered the First World War,he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army.Serving at the front,he was wounded,was,decorated,(,To confer a medal or other honor on,)by the Italian Government,and spent considerable time in hospitals.,2025/6/6 周五,3,Hemingways birthplace in Oak Park,Illinois,2025/6/6 周五,4,Hemingway fishing as a young boy.,2025/6/6 周五,5,After his return to the United States,he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.During the twenties,Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris,which he described in his first important work,The Sun Also Rises(1926).Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms(1929),the study of an American ambulance officers,disillusionment,(,幻灭,)in the war and his role as a,deserter,(,逃亡者,).,2025/6/6 周五,6,The Kansas City Star building where Hemingway took his first job as a cub reporter.,2025/6/6 周五,7,Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel,For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940).Among his later works,the most outstanding is the short novel,The Old Man and the Sea(1952),the story of an old fishermans journey,his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea,and his victory in defeat.,2025/6/6 周五,8,Hemingway and a large blue Marlin caught in the Gulf Stream near Key West.,2025/6/6 周五,9,Hemingway-himself a great sportsman-liked to portray soldiers,hunters,bullfighters-tough,at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society,and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith.His straightforward prose,his,spare,(,Not lavish,abundant,or excessive,俭省的、简朴的,)dialogue,and his predilection(a preference,偏爱,)for understatement(,为了修辞作用而不充分的和陈述轻描淡写的陈述,)are particularly effective in his short stories,some of which are collected in Men Without Women(1927)and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories(1938).Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961.,2025/6/6 周五,10,His major works,The Old Man and the Sea,老人与海,，,The Sun Also Rises,太阳照样升起,，,In Our Time,在我们的时代里,，,MEN WITHOUT WOMEN,没有女人的男人,WINNER TAKE NOTHING(1933).,胜者无所得,，,A Farewell to Arms,永别了，武器,，,2025/6/6 周五,11,For Whom The Bell Tolls,丧钟为谁而呜,，,DEATH IN THE AFTERNOON(1932),死在午后,，,THE GREEN HILL OF AFRICA(1935),非洲的青山,TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT(1937),有的和没有的,，,ACROSS THE RIVER AND INTO THE TREES(1950).,过河入林,，,2025/6/6 周五,12,Words and expressions,1,.After,2.,Motion,3.,Nasty,4.,regard,5.,Spill,6.,Rap,7.,Terrace,8.,Brass,9.,Pick up,2025/6/6 周五,13,1,After:prep.In quest or pursuit of,e.g.seek after fame,追逐名誉；,go after big money,追求钱财,Be after wealth,追求财富,2025/6/6 周五,14,2,Motion v.tr.To direct by making a gesture:,motioned us to our seats.,用手势指示我们的座位,The boss motioned the accountant in/to enter.,老板示意叫会计进去。,v.intr.,To signal by making a gesture:,示意：以手势指导：,motioned to her to enter.,示意让她进来,She motioned to the waiter.,他向侍者打了个手势。,go through the motions,To do something in a mechanical manner indicative of a lack of interest or involvement.,做,姿态：机械地做某事，显示出缺乏兴趣或投入,2025/6/6 周五,15,3-1,Nasty:adj.Disgustingly dirty.,nasty medicine气味难闻的药,nasty weather令人不快的天气;,a nasty 令人生气的诡计,See more synonyms on next page,2025/6/6 周五,16,3-2,offensive,，,disgusting,，,loathsome,，,nasty,，,repellentrepulsive,，,revolting,，,vile,The central meaning shared by these adjectives is“extremely unpleasant to the senses or feelings”:,an offensive remark;,一句冒犯性的话；,disgusting language;,令人作呕的语言；,a loathsome disease;,令人讨厌的疾病；,a nasty smell;,一股恶心的气味；,a repellent demand;,一个让人厌恶的要求；,repulsive behavior;,讨厌的举动；,revolting food;,令人作呕的食物；,vile thoughts.,可耻的想法,2025/6/6 周五,17,4,Regard,1),n.Careful thought or attention;heed:,She gives little regard to her appearance.,她不太注重外表,2)N.A particular point or aspect;respect,She was lucky in that regard.,在那方面她很幸运,3)N.Respect,affection,or esteem,:,尊敬，喜爱，敬重：,He has high regard for your work.,他十分敬重你的工作,Cf.,regards,Good wishes expressing such sentiment:,Give the family my best regards.,祝您全家幸福,2025/6/6 周五,18,5,Spill v.To cause or allow(a substance)to run or fall out of a container.,I spilt the coffee-it spilt all over my book.,我洒了咖啡，溅了我一书。,Fans spilled onto the playing field.,足迷们纷纷涌上赛场,spilled the armload of books on the desk.,将怀中所抱之书散落在桌子上,Cf.,spilt water cannot be gathered up again,It is no use crying over spilt milk,覆水难收,2025/6/6 周五,19,6,Rap vt.To hit sharply and swiftly;strike:,rapped the table with his fist.,用拳头重击桌子,v.intr.To strike a quick,light blow:,rapped on the door.,敲门,a rap(n.)on the door,轻轻的敲门声,beat the rap,【,俚语,】,To escape punishment or be acquitted of a charge.,逃脱惩罚，免于起诉,take the rap,【,俚语,】,To accept punishment or take the blame for an offense or error.,接受处罚：接受惩罚或因为冒犯或错误而接受批评,2025/6/6 周五,20,7,Terrace n.A platform extending outdoors from a floor of a house or an apartment building.,阳台：从一座房子或公寓式建筑延伸出室外的平台,e.g.We sat on the terrace in the evening.,晚上我们坐在平台上。,2025/6/6 周五,21,8,Brass,A yellowish alloy of copper and zinc,sometimes including small amounts of other metals,but usually 67 percent copper and 33 percent zinc or Ornaments,objects,or utensils made of this alloy.,Cf.Informal Bold self-assurance;effrontery.,【,非正式用语,】,厚颜无耻：鲁莽的自我肯定；厚颜无耻,How did she have the brass?,她怎么会如此厚颜无耻？,2025/6/6 周五,22,Pick up 9-1,To take into custody,:【非正式用语】监护，逮捕，拘捕：,The coast guard picked up five smugglers.海岸检查官拘捕了五个走私犯,See more usages in the following pages,2025/6/6 周五,23,Pick up 9-2,To pack ones belongings,:【,俚语,】,收拾行李：收拾某人的东西：,She just picked up and left.,她收拾了一下行李就走了,To tune in,收听,My radio can pick up France.,我的收音机可收听法国广播。,To take up(something)by hand:,拿起：用手拿起,pick up a book.捡起一本书,To collect or gather,:收集或聚集：,picked up the broken pieces of glass.拾起玻璃碎片,To tidy up:,整理，收拾：,Lets pick up the living room.我们收拾一下卧室吧,To take on(passengers or freight),承载（客人，货物等The bus picks up commuters at three stops.公共汽车在三个站载送通勤者,2025/6/6 周五,24,Pick up 9-3,To acquire(knowledge)by learning or experience,:,学得：通过学习或经历获得（知识）：,picked up French very quickly.,很快地学起法语来,To claim,:认领，索取：,picked up her shoes at the repair shop.在修鞋铺领回鞋子,To buy,:购买：,picked up some beverages on the way home.在回家的路上买些饮料,To accept(a bill or charge)in order to pay it:,付帐：为买某物而付（款或账）,Let me pick up the tab.我来付计程车的钱,2025/6/6 周五,25,Pick up 9-4,To come upon and follow,:,追踪：偶然遇上并跟随：,The dog picked up the scent.,狗追着气味走,To come upon and observe,:,发现：偶然遇到并观测：,We picked up two submarines on sonar.,我们用声波定位仪观察到两条潜水艇,To continue after a break,:,恢复：休息后继续：,Lets pick up the discussion after lunch.,我们吃过午饭再继续讨论吧,To improve in condition or activity,:【,非正式用语,】,有起色，改善：在条件或活动上提高：,Sales picked up last fall.,去年的销售有起色,2025/6/6 周五,26,Pick up 9-5,To come down with(a disease,):染上（病）：,picked up a virus in the office.在办公室染上病毒,To gain,:获得，赢得：,picked up five yards on that play.在那次游戏中获得五码,To acquire casually or by accident,:不经意得到：随便或偶然地获得,picked up a mink coat on sale.拍卖时随手买了一件貂皮大衣,2025/6/6 周五,27,Questions and discussion,1.How many main characters are in the,story?,2.What is the main idea of the,story?,3.What do you think of the old man?Do you agree to“An old man is a nasty,thing.”?,4.What do you think of the old waiter in the,caf?,5.What do you think of the young waiter in the,caf?,6.What is the theme of the,story?,7.What are the writing features of the,story?,8.What is the lost,generation?,2025/6/6 周五,28,1,Three,The old man,the young waiter and the old waiter,2025/6/6 周五,29,2-1,The short story,A Clean and Well-lighted Place,took place in a Spanish caf.The plot was focused on the old man,the middle aged waiter and the young waiter.The old man was the main character in the short story.Late at night,everyone had left the caf except the old deaf man,who was a little drunk.The two waiters were worried that he might leave without paying if he became deeply drunk.Then they kept watching on him and began their conversation about the old man,through which more information can be learned about the old man.,2025/6/6 周五,30,2-2,Hemingway took the two waiters as known information,and the old man as unknown information.There was a sharp contrast between the youth and oldness,between the old and young waiters.In fact,the old man,the middle aged waiter and the young waiter represent the youth,the middle age and the old age in the different stages of life.In each stage,people have different attitudes towards life and they lead different ways of life.At the same time,the three typical characters also reflect the peoples spiritual state after the WWI in American society.,2025/6/6 周五,31,3-1,The old mans character is complex.Being depressed but still keeping dignity was the old mans image created by Hemingway,which fits the image of“Hemingway Hero”.,2025/6/6 周五,32,3-2,On the one hand,the old man was weak,despaired and extremely unhappy.He had a lot of money but lost belief.He stopped believing in anything that might have been significant in the past.For him,Nothingness meant hopelessness,aimlessness and meaninglessness of the life.The old man tried to commit suicide but failed.Then he liked to sit late in the cafa clean and well-lighted place to buy drunk.,2025/6/6 周五,33,3-3,Special attention should be paid to that the old mans deafness was an image symbolizing his separation from the rest of the world.The old man needed a place of refuge from his terrible awareness of that human lives were meaningless.On the other hand,though the old man was in despair,he still kept dignity.In the short story,there are many sentences describing the old mans dignity.Hemingway once said that a man could be destroyed but not defeated.Moreover,the old man was deaf and lonely,but he was not defeated spiritually.,2025/6/6 周五,34,4-1,The old waiter was more sympathetic.He knew the importance of a clean and well-lighted place for those who need a refuge to escape from the reality.He knew the old mans suffering and was sympathized with him.Therefore,he did not think it was bad for the old man to stay in the caf late into the night.,2025/6/6 周五,35,4-2,The old waiter has more experiences in the world,so he can understand the old man better.,Hemingway expresses his own attitudes through the old waiters.The author makes them clear to us though the observation of the old waiter who has experienced the youth and understood the nothingness of the old.,2025/6/6 周五,36,5-3,The young waiter lived in Nada as well,even if he did not realize it.His ignorance makes a strong contrast with the old mans wisdom.He was unaware of what he had.For him,the life was another kind of meaninglessness,because he was blindly confident with the unreliable youth.,2025/6/6 周五,37,5-1,The young waiter was selfish and impatient.He had a wife waiting for him to go home,so he wanted the old deaf man to leave as soon as possible.Therefore,he became angry and impolite.He intentionally poured the brandy out of the cup.His bad service formed a strong contrast with the old mans cleanness.He did not sense the dignity the old man had about him.Furthermore,the young waiter was ignorant and blindly confident.He was so concerned with the daily routines and desires that he did not care about the others.He could not understand the old man.,2025/6/6 周五,38,5-2,He did not realize what he had,such as job,wife and confidence,was unreliable because he was young.He thought that money should keep a person be happy.He meant that the old man had no reason to kill himself because he was rich.Poverty,in his opinion,would be the only excuse for suicide.,2025/6/6 周五,39,6-1,The theme of Nada/nothingness(The condition or quality of being nothing;nonexistence 虚无)is the keynote of the whole story.Nada means hopelessness,aimlessness and meaninglessness of life.Nearly all the characters live in Nada.,2025/6/6 周五,40,6-2,It life was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too.Man is faced with loneliness and isolation from the rest of the world.Man must consequently find something to distract himself from his horrible truth.Hemingway considers loneliness the principle tragedy of modern human life.Faced with“nothing in the modern society now and then,man should seek light and order to establish dignity in life.,2025/6/6 周五,41,6-3,This kind of courage needed by man to fight against intolerable loneliness is exactly the theme Hemingway wanted to display in the story.,For the old man and the older waiter,a clean and well-lighted cafe is such an escape.The pervading metaphor in this story is predictably,the clean well-lighted place.”Although Nada is the real feeling that people can not escape from,the only way to resist Nada is to keep a clean and well-lighted place in the soul,that is,love,sympathy and dignity,2025/6/6 周五,42,7-1,Hemingway is famous for his literary style:,simple,understated,and direct,.He was at his best describing physical activity.His short story,A Clean and Well-Lighted Place,was written in his early time,which has a typical Hemingways style.,2025/6/6 周五,43,7-2,Hemingway helped to accomplish a revolution in literature style and language.He tried to cut out all the words that were not necessary.His style was characterized by,short and simple sentences,with a few adjectives and adverbs.,2025/6/6 周五,44,7-3,Hemingway used,a lot of conversations,to compare the middle aged waiter with the young waiter.In the short story,the sentences have only one or several words.In the short story,Hemingway also used meaningful,symbols,to convey deep meanings,which is worthy of studying and thinking over.,a sharp contrast,between the youth and oldness,between the old and young waiters,2025/6/6 周五,45,8-1,Lost Generation refers to the generation after the World War I.Meanwhile,it also refers to the young writers who lived as,expatriates,(,移居国外者,)in Western Europe for a short time.The term Lost Generation was coined by Gertrude Stein(,格特鲁德,.,斯坦,)to refer to a group of American literary,notables,(A person of distinction or great,名人,)who lived in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s.Significant members included Ernest Hemingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Sherwood Anderson,Waldo Peirce,and Gertrude Stein herself.,2025/6/6 周五,46,8-2,Because most of his works take the war as background,describe the pains and hurt the war brings to human being,and reflect a younger generations aimlessness and loss of the beliefs after the World War I,these works immediately won the responses from many people who survived the war physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally,adrift,(w,ithout direction or purpose,).Then,Hemingway became the spokesman for what the Gertrude Stein had called“The Lost Generation”.,2025/6/6 周五,47,8-3,The Lost Generation is also called the Sad Young Man by F.Scott Fitzgerald in his book which describes the disillusioned younger generation after the First World War.,2025/6/6 周五,48,