2023年四级翻译汉译英主题词汇.doc

汉译英主题词汇

　　1.中国老式文化

　　四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making

　　火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass

　　印刷术printing 孔子Confucius

　　孟子Mencius 思想学派school of thought

　　关键思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative

　　儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture

　　道家Daoism 法家Legalism

　　和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental

　　琴棋书画guqin,game of go, calligraphy and painting

　　笛子flute 二胡erhu

　　古筝guzheng 鼓drum

　　琵琶Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess

　　围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess

　　棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard

　　中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script

　　文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen

　　墨ink stick 砚台inkstone

　　纸paper 笔划stroke

　　四大名著the four masterpieces 中文Chinese character

　　《西游记》 Journey to the West; The Money King

　　《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions

　　《三国演义》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms

　　<<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash

　　《诗经》 Books of Songs

　　《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Historical Records

　　唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties

　　元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel

　　一般话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese

　　对联couplet 俗语idiom

　　词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting

　　山水画landscape painting 写意画 free sketch painting

　　敦煌壁画Dunhuang frescoes 龙旳形象 the image of dragon

　　孔子庙Confucius Temple 黄河the Yellow River

　　长江the Yangtze River 长城 the Great Wall

　　故宫the Imperial Palace ; the Forbidden City

　　故宫博物馆The Palace Museum 天安门广场 Tiananmen Square

　　胡同hutong 太极拳 Tai Chi

　　文武双全be excellent both in the arts of pen and sword

　　孙子兵法Sun Zi’s Art of War ; Master Sun’s Art of War

　　科举制imperial examination system 状元 the top scholar; champion

　　武术Chinese martial arts 古代兵器ancient weapon

　　盔甲suit of armor 剑sword

　　古玩antique 算盘 abacus

　　三百六十行all walks of life ; all kinds of jobs

　　铁饭碗iron bowl 礼节etiquette

　　尊老爱幼respect the old and love the young

　　礼品馈赠present-giving 民间禁忌 folk taboos

　　丧葬funeral 孝服mourning clothes

　　纸钱ghost money 十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac

　　鼠Rat 牛 Ox 鸡Rooster

　　梅花plum blossoms

　　竹子bamboo 松 pine 牡丹 peony 莲花 lotus

　　莲藕lotus root 中山装Chinese tunic suit

　　中国老式服饰tradition Chinese costume 唐装 the Tang suit

　　民间故事folk tale 寓言 fable

　　传说legend凡间 human world

　　重要文化遗产major cultural heritage 国宝 national treasure

　　文物cultural relics 高雅艺术 high/refined art

　　才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

　　享有…….旳声誉 enjoy a good/high reputation for

　　被誉为be honored/crowned as 增进友谊 enhance friendship

　　推广中国文化promote Chinese culture

　　文化底蕴cultural deposit 文化事业 cultural undertaking

　　文化冲击cultural shock 蓬勃发展flourish

　　文化特性和价值观national identity and value

　　在各地差异很大vary widely from region/place to region/place

　　增进文化旳传播promote the spread of culture

　　丰富多彩be rich and colorful 老式美德 traditional virtues

　　尊敬老人respect the elderly 赡养父母 support/take care of parents

　　象征意义symbolic meaning

　　审美观/品味 taste for beauty ; aesthetic taste

　　2.中国老式节日

　　春节the Spring Festival 除夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve

　　年夜饭the dinner on New Year’s Eve 小年 minor Spring Festival

　　春运Spring Festival travel seasons; Chunyun period

　　买年货do Spring Festival shopping ; buy necessity for Spring Festival

　　扫尘土sweep the dust 剪窗花 do paper-cutting

　　贴春联stick couplets 挂灯笼 hang lanterns

　　祭祖offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 祭祀sacrifices

　　烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers 财神 the god of wealth

　　压岁钱gift money; lucky money 包饺子 make dumplings

　　拜年New Year’s visit 阳历 solar calendar

　　天干heavenly stem 地支 earthly branch

　　闰年leap year 亲朋好友 relatives and friends

　　探亲访友pay a visit to relatives and friends

　　大扫除thoroughly clean the house

　　驱厄运sweep away ill fortune; get rid of bad luck

　　清除劫难ward off evils 年画New Year Picture

　　发红包give money in red envelopes; hand out red envelopes

　　欢度……the celebration of……; celebrate……. 年糕 rice cake

　　转运have a chance of luck 春卷spring rolls

　　春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 祝愿短信 blessing message

　　元宵节the Lantern Festival 元宵 sweet dumplings

　　扭秧歌do the Yangko Dance 舞龙 dragon dance

　　舞狮lion dance 灯谜 lantern riddles

　　龙昂首Dragon Heads-raising Day 祈雨 pray for rain

　　丰收good harvest 清明节 Tomb Sweeping Day

　　雨水rainwater 春耕 the Spring ploughing

　　扫墓attend/sweep tomb; clean the grave

　　祭品sacrifices; sacrifice offerings 踏青 have an outgoing in Spring

　　端午节Dragon Boats Festival 粽子 Zongzi; glutinous rice pudding

　　赛龙舟dragon boats racing 雄黄酒 realgar wine

　　七夕Double Seventh Festival 梳妆 dress and make up

　　牛郎Cowherd 织女 Weaver Maid

　　喜鹊桥the magpie bridge 中元节/鬼节 Ghost Festival

　　河灯water lantern 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival

　　团圆饭family reunion dinner 花灯 colorful lantern

　　月圆夜full moon 赏月 enjoy the moon

　　吃月饼have moon cake 思想 be homesick

　　重阳节Double Ninth Festival 重阳糕double ninth cake

　　赏菊enjoy chrysanthemums 菊花酒 chrysanthemum wine

　　寒食节Cold Food Festival 冷食 cold food

　　禁烟smoking ban; not allow to make fire 斗鸡cockfight

　　蹴鞠kickball; cuju 荡秋千 play on a swing

　　拔河push-and-pull; tug of war 腊八节 the Laba Festival

　　腊八粥Laba rice porridge 腊八面Laba noodle

　　3.中国饮食文化

　　中国菜Chinese cuisine; Chinese food 粤菜 Canton cuisine

　　炒stir-fry 煎fry

　　炸deep-fry 烩/焖/炖 stew

　　蒸steam 烘焙 bake

　　切条cut to strips 切丁 dice

　　切碎mince 磨碎 grind

　　特色食品specialty 红茶 black tea

　　绿茶green tea 火锅 hotpot

　　熊掌bear paw 豆浆 soybean milk

　　馒头steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls

　　包子steamed stuffed buns; Baozi 北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck

　　4.中国老式手工艺

　　老式工艺品traditional handicraft 绣花鞋 embroidered shoes

　　优秀民间艺术品outgoing folk arts 中国瓷器 Chinese ceramics

　　唐三彩Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty

　　彩陶painted pottery 材质各异 various materials

　　陶器pottery; earthenware 质地坚硬 hard texture

　　青铜器bronze ware 造型生动 vivid figure

　　雕刻carving 色彩丰富 rich color

　　玉雕jade carving 风格独特 characteristic/unique style

　　蜡染wax printing 中国织绣 Chinese silk embroideries

　　泥人clay figure 中国结Chinese knot

　　刺绣embroidery 绣球 embroidered ball

　　5.中国演出艺术

　　脸谱facial makeup 正面角色 positive role

　　说学逗唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing

　　木偶戏puppet show 说书 story-telling

　　皮影戏shadow play 杂技 acrobatics

　　客家山歌Hakka hill song 历史人物 historical figure

　　四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations

　　人类文明史the history of human civilization

　　中国古代史ancient Chinese History

　　中国近现代史modern history of China

　　历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past

　　源远流长/历史悠久 with/have a long history

　　繁华盛世a time of prosperity 古都 ancient capital

　　华夏之祖ancestors of Chinese nation 发祥地 birthplace

　　封建朝代feudal dynasty 远古时代 ancient times

　　兴起于……,昌盛于……..emerge in……and prosper in…..

　　原始社会primitive society 战国 the Warring States

　　春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period

　　封建社会feudal society 印/玺 seal/stamp

　　皇妃imperial concubine 太后 empress dowager

　　诸侯Prince/duck under an emperor 宰相 prime minister

　　士大夫scholar-officials 太监 eunuch

　　侍卫bodyguard 将军 general

　　6.旅游交通

　　旅游景点tourist scenes 避暑胜地 summer resort

　　森林公园forest park 人文景观 human landscape

　　自然景观natural scenery 建筑 architecture

　　壮丽河山magnificent scenery 皇家园林 royal garden

　　古典山水园林classical landscape garden

　　钟楼bell tower 鼓楼 drum tower

　　牌坊memorial archway 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors

　　天坛the Temple of Heaven 保留最完好旳 best-preserved

　　原址original site 国家博物馆 national museum

　　中外游客tourist from home and aboard

　　7.地理环境

　　版图广阔have a vast territory 省会 provincial capital

　　水域面积water area 高原 plateau

　　三面环山be surrounded by mountains on three side

　　全长……公里 stretch for…km/kilometers 植物园 botanical garden

　　淡水湖freshwater lake 沿海港口 coastal port

　　8.医疗健康

　　诊断diagnosis(n); diagnose(v) 偏方 folk prescription

　　祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one’s ancestors

　　中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)

　　救死扶伤heal the sick and rescue the dying

　　望闻问切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse-taking

　　肥胖症obesity 草药 herbal therapy

　　食疗food therapy 延缓衰老 slow down aging