语法难点突破之七名词性从句市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,语法难点突破之七,名词性从句,语法专题突破,1/19,一、几个易混从句区分,定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相同，下面给考生提供一些区分方法：,1,定语从句与同位语从句,定语从句与前面名词是修饰与被修饰关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词内容。,that,在定语从句中充当句子成份，可指物或人；而同位语从句中,that,在从句中不充当任何句子成份，只起连接作用。请比较：,2/19,(1)The news(that/which)he told us was exciting.,(,定语从句，,that/which,在从句中作宾语，还能够被省略,),(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.,(,同位语从句，,that,从句是说明,news,内容，,that,在从句中不作任何成份，但不能被省略,),3/19,辨析,判断是定语从句还是同位语从句能够用“加词”方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个,be,动词，假如句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，不然，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上,be,动词后：,The news is that our team has won.,句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上,be,动词后：,The news is that he told us.,意思不成立，所以不是同位语从句。,4/19,警示,普通情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明名词后面，可是有时候，为了表示需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要依据句意，找准它所说明名词。,5/19,2,定语从句与状语从句,请看两组句子：,第一组：区分,such.as.,和,such.that.,(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.,(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.,6/19,这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是,as,引导定语从句，,as,相当于,that,/which(,但不能用,that/,which),，在从句中作,understand,宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，,that,在从句中不作成份。,结论：当从句缺乏句子成份时，用,such.as.,；当从句不缺乏句子成份时，用,such.that.,。,7/19,第二组：选取,in which,where,填空,(1)He left the key _ he had been an hour before.,(2)He left the place _ he lived for many years.,分析：第一句只能填,where,where,引导是地点状语从句，修饰主句中谓语动词。此处,where,不可换成,in which,，因为,in which,只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词,(,后面从句不是修饰,key,),。,第二句填,where,或,in which,。依据句意可知，后面句子是对名词,place,修饰，所以此句是定语从句。,8/19,点拨,判断是用,such.as.,还是用,such.that.,关键：判断从句是否缺乏句子成份。,切记,当包括“地点”时，判断是定语从句还是状语从句依据：看句中是否有先行词。,9/19,二、,that,与,what,区分,that,引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成份，,that,本身无意义，只起连接作用。,what,引导名词性从句时，在从句中能够作主语、宾语、表语等，,what,表示“,东西或事情”。请比较：,What I need is more time.(what,引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语,),That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that,引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成份,),10/19,The village is no longer what it used to be.(what,引导表语从句，在从句中作表语,),I had no idea what we should do next.(what,引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语,),He will tell us what he saw in London.(what,引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语,),11/19,精析,名词性从句中区分,that,与,what,关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺乏句子成份。假如不缺成份，就用,that,，假如缺乏句子成份,(,主语、宾语、表语等,),，且表示“,东西或事情”就用,what,。,切记,宾语从句能够跟在及物动词之后，也能够跟在介词之后。,12/19,点拨,解题时要设法排除插入语干扰，将插入语忽略，从而简化句子结构，这么就能够降低解题难度。,13/19,典例,(,安徽，,33),His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.,A.that,B.how,C.who D.what,解析：,D,。考查名词性从句。句意：他书写这么乱，极难弄明白他想要表示什么。,what,引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。,14/19,三、,who,whoever,与,no matter who,区分,引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用,who,，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，,whoever,意为“不论谁”，不含有疑问意味。,whoever,在引导名词性从句时，相当于,anyone who,，其中,who,引导一个定语从句紧随其后。,另外，,whoever,还能够引导让步状语从句，这时,whoever,相当于,no matter who,，不过,no matter who,只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：,15/19,1,Who has taken away my bag is unknown.,谁拿走了我包还不知道。,(,若用,whoever,显然句意不通,),2,Whoever breaks the law will be punished.,不论谁违反法律都要受到处罚。,(whoever,表示语气强烈,),3,Im not going to let you in,no matter who you are.,Im not going to let you in,whoever you are.,(,依据句意“我不会让你进去，不论你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用,no matter who,或者,whoever),16/19,链接,wh,ever,既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，,whoever,anyone who;whomever,anyone whom;whatever,anything that;whichever,anything/anyone that;whosever,any one whose,。,Whichever he likes will be given to him.,Anything that he likes will be given to him.,不论他想要哪个都能够给他。,17/19,You should give the book back to whosever name(,anyone whose name)is on the cover of it.,你该把书还给任何一个他名字在封面上人。,18/19,19/19,