名词性从句讲解及习题及答案.doc

名词性从句最详讲解及习题及答案
名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1.连词：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）
whether,if （均表示“是否”）as if ,as though （ 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
2.连接代词：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever.有词意，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语等。
3.连接副词：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why.有词意，在从句中充当状语。
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词that，whether，和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当一定的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：
用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is no wonder that 难怪…
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
It occurred to me that…　 我突然想起……
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
众所周知的几种表达方式
（1）It is known to us that.
（2）As is known to us.
（3）what is known to us is that.
【注意】及强调句结构的区分：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。
It is John that broke the window.　是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
I.位置
1．作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
She did not know what had happened.　她不知道发生了什么。
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.　我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我们的成功取决于我之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
II. it 可以作为形式宾语
1．动词make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式主语，而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我没去聚餐，感觉非常遗憾。
2.动词＋it＋when / if 从句.常见于appreciate, enjoy like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。
We would much appreciate it if you could do  us that favour.
要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
3.动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后。
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.
我认为他们迟早会成功的。
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.
报上说一些日本商号破产了。
4.动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句。常见于bring it to one's attention;  
owe it to sb;  take it for granted 等结构中。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
5.动词 + 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, see to, 等结构中。
I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.
我将负责按时做好一切准备。
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。
6.动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995.
我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。
They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place.
他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。。
III. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I don' t believe he will come.　我相信他不会回来。
IV宾语从句中虚拟语气的运用
注意：在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, 等表示要求、命令、建议、等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
表语从句
在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词及引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为：主语+ 连系动词+ that从句
1.that 引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。
2.连系动词可为be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我们所急需的。
China is not what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。
【注意】
1.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
2.whether可引导表语从句，但及之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
3.That is why…译为“这就是……的原因/因此”。
其中why引导的名词性从句在句中做表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。
That is why you see this woman before you know.这就是现在这位女士出现在你面前的原因。
That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
区别：①That is why ……及That is the reason why …同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，前者中的why引导表语从句，后者中的why引导定语从句。
That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
②That is because …句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此做表语，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。
That is because …指原因或理由。
That is why … 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因）
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨晚没有去看。（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句及定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语，作宾语可以省略），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起引导作用，不充当句中任何成分，一般不可以省略。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行解释说明。
试比较下面两个例句:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面：
1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题
用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的名词性从句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
2. 考查引导词that及what的区别

That只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，本身也没有词义。What不仅起引导作用还在从句中充当主语.宾语或表语。
3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
4. 考查whether及if的区别
whether及if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
①whether引导主语从句在句首时；
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
②宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；
Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.这是否真实，我也不知道。
③引导表语从句，只能用whether；
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。
④引导介词宾语时,只能用whether；
His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考虑我是否应该辞去现 在的工作。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
⑤后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether；
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.
⑥后接动词不定式时，用whether；
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
I can't decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
⑦whether可引导同位语从句，if不能引导同位语从句。
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
高中英语名词性从句专项练习
一、用that或what填空
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true ?
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
9._____ has made China_____ it is now?
10. we can’t get seems better than we have .
11.A computer can only do you instructed it to do .
12.He became so angry he couldn't speak .
13.There is the city we visited last year .
14.There is no doubt the price of cars will go down .
15.None of us has a clear idea the others want to do .
16.Do he or she tells you to do .
17. he did surprised us .
18. he did so surprised us .
19.This is all I know.
20.This is I know.
21.______ you have done might do harm to other people.
22.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
23.______ you don't like him is none of my business.
24.The fact ____ he is a model teacher is well-known.
25.They expressed the hope____they would come over to China again.
二、用if 或whether填空
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _______ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question______ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
9.______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
10.It depends on she will come.
11.I have no idea he will be back .
12.We must stick to our promise or no .
13. It is valuable ,I can't say .
14.I don’t know he is lying or not.
15. I didn’t know to laugh or to cry.

三．It作形式主语和形式宾语
1.I would appreciate it_____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.（上海卷 2003）
A. until        B. if         C. when         D. that
2.I don't think_____ possible to master a foreign language without much work. (MET 1990)
A. this         B. that       C. its          D. it
3.We all took _____ for granted that he would agree with us.( MET 1987 )
A. it           B. him       C. that         D. what
4. ______ that you are not late for school again.
   A. See to      B. Look to   C. See to it       D. Look it to
5.I've often______ that he has great concern for his comrades.
  A. heard it said  B. heard said   C. heard said it  D. heard it say
6.Why don't you bring _____ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working?
  A. this          B. you        C. him         D. it
 7. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
8. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
9. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
10. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly
11. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who
12. _______ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that B. People said that he
C. It was said he D. It is said that he
13. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
四、改正下列句子中的错误，每句一处错。
1. The American Civil War broke out in 1861 is known to many of us .( )
2. That he saw there impressed him deeply .( )
3. This is all what I know.( )
4. Could you tell me where do you live ?( )
5 The old minister came back with a message which the cloth was really magnificent .( )
6. It is unknown if he will come .( )
7. As is known to all that paper was first made in China .( )
8. Anyone breaks the law should be punished .( )
9. How we can get more reading materials have been discussed at the meeting .( )
10. The professor was very satisfied with that his students had done in the experiment .( )
11. The news which our team had won pleased everyone .( )
12. I don't doubt whether he can work out the problem .( )
13. I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feeling .( )
14. I don't know that he wants .( )
15. The reason why he didn't come is because he was ill .( )
16. Who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold .( )
17. I think important that we learn English well .( )
18. It's not certain that the sports meeting will be held .( )
19. This is the suggestion which we have a trip the day after tomorrow .( )
20. China is a great socialist country is well known .( )
21. The question is if we can collect enough money . )
22. The trouble is she has lost his telephone number .( )
23. We don't know that what we should do next .( )
24. That he said in the office made everyone present very surprised .( )
25. What we can't get seems better than that we have .( )
26. Computer can only do how we instructed it to do .( )
27. The fact why Lily got the first prize is well known to us all .( )
28. Our city is no longer as it used to be .( )
29. He said what he was pleased to meet all of us again .( )
30. What he failed to pass the exam is very clear .( )
31. The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was because he had been ill .( )
32. Please give the note to whomever is in the classroom .( )
33. Is that he told you really funny ?( )
34. Please let me know that you want me to do .( )
35 Those photos will show you what does our hometown looks like .( )
五、用适当的连词填空：
1. __ _ you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. ______ we’ll go camping depends on _____ it will be fine tomorrow.
3. _____ she comes or not makes no difference.
4. The question is ____ it is worth doing.
5. There is some doubt ____he will come./ There is no doubt ____he will come.
6. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
7. _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
8. It is said that the famous football star is not willing to play fo