高中名词性从句导学案.doc

名词性从句
思维导图

易考易错点总结
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用、主语和谓语的语序、双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。具体包括：
1．考查名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词包括who, whose, whom, what, which；连接副词有when, where, why, how；从属连词有that, whether, if, as if；that无词义，在从句中不作成分，有时可省略。
2．考查名词性从句的语序和时态。
3．考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)＋that从句；
(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；
(3)It＋be＋名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)＋that从句；
(4)It＋不及物动词(appear, happen等)＋that从句。
4．考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如：
(1)It is/was＋essential/important/natural…＋that…；
(2)It is/was suggested/demanded/wished/desired…＋that…等。
5．考查what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：what＝the thing that/anything that；what＝the place that；what＝the time that；what＝the person that等。
6．考查whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。

七大常考考点: 1.that \ what \ which; 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法; 3.语序问题; 4.同位语从句和定从的区别; 5.what \ whatever… 6.if\whether; 7.虚拟语气问题; 五、相关习题集中练习
一. 相关概念
1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词
2. 名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作___,_____,表语和______。
同位语是对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任如：

3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个____来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。
二、名词性从句的种类
1. When we will start is not clear. ______从句
2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. _____从句
3. My idea is that we should do it right now. ______从句
4. I had no idea that you were her friend. _______从句

三、常见引导词：
1）连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）。从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起__作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第___个）
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：
That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
3）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语
The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜
4）从属连词if, whether（是否）(if只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句)
1. ______ he said has nothing to do with you.
2. ______we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.
3. ______ he did such a thing satisfied me.
4.______ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.
四．四大从句讲解
1. 主语从句
作句子____语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词___，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起___作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

如：____ he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
It is known to us ____ he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
_____the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用__数形式。常用句型如
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（a pity,a shame,a fact,a wonder,an honor, no wonder,a surprise）
如：你考试失败了真是遗憾_____________________________
（2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句（clear，important，necessary，probable，possible）
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句(said, reported, thought, hoped, believed, known) coral reefs-珊瑚礁
如:据报道，珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。________________________________________
（4） It + 不及物动词 + that 从句（seem, happen, appear）
如：碰巧那天我出去了。______________________________________________
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
练习题：
(1) ____ he will come is certain.
(2) _____she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3) ____ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.
(4) _____ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
(5) ____ she has gone is not known yet.
1. ____is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China.
2. It is known to all____ Taiwan is only part of China.
3. It was on Sunday ___ I met him.
1.It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language. 　
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
2. His suggestion was that we ______ another meeting to discuss the question.
A hold B would hold C held D holding
单句改错
1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.
2.When the meeting will be held haven’t been known yet.
3.I didn’t know that you will come.
4.He said that he is writing a story.
5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?

翻译下面句子
1) 很显然你进步巨大。_______________________________________
2) 很遗憾你错过了音乐会。___________________________________
3) 你打电话时我碰巧不在家.______________________________________
2. 宾语从句
名词句用作____的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何___，在口语或非正式的文体中常被___，但如从句是并列句时,第___个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and that he will be back in two days.
观察并思考：宾语从句中的连接词that在什么情况下不能省略？
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
总结：_______________________________________________________________
注意：表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+ 动词原形，其中should可省略。例如：（一坚持insist）（二命令command, order）（四建议advise, recommend, suggest, propose）（四要求demand, desire, request, require）以及他们的同根名词。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出
1)My suggestion is that we_______(go) to the cinema together.
2)His advice that we__________(come) here on the dot is very reasonable.
3)The order came _____ the soldiers ______ (destroy） the small village the next morning.
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用____语序。
例如： I want to know ___ he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of ___ she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give ____ needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人她都给予热情支持
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。区别 if 与 whether
1) Whether we will go picnicking depends on whether it will be rainy.
2) I have no idea whether he will come to the party.
3) The question is whether he will come to the party.
4) I don’t care whether he will attend the meeting or not.
5) He can’t decide ___whether__ to stay here another day.
6) He can’t decide whether/if he’ll stay here another day.
你能归纳出须使用whether的情况吗？
① _____,_____,_____从句用whether ② ___词宾语用whether
③ whether与____ 连用 ④ ___前用whether
【高考链接】：We haven’t settled the question of _________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. whether C. where D. that
例如： ____ there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
Everything depends on ____we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。
如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）例如： I know (that)he ______ English every day. 我知道他每天学英语
I know (that)he ____ English last term.
I know (that) he_______ English next year.
I know (that)he________ English since 1998.
（当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的__时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用___时态。
例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
例如： We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
6. wish后的宾语从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即
wish that … 过去时…(跟现在相反)
would +v. (跟将来相反)
had done (跟过去相反)
would rather that sb did sth \ sb had done
E.g.: I wish that I ____that film star yesterday.
A saw B. had seen C would see D has seen
7. 在appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等后接由if或when引导的宾语从句中；在see to注意,务必,保证 , depend on, rely on, count on等后that引导的从句中，从句前常加it作形式宾语。
1) I hate___when they talk with their mouth full of food.
2) I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
3). You may depend on ____ that you parents will help you whenever you need it.
译：走的时候务必做到锁好门。______________________________________
译：你可相信，他会帮你的。__________________________________________
8. 练习题用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _________I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. It seemed as if he was indifferent(漠然)__ he could get into a lifeboat.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
时态：
1.The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
2.The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
3.Tom says that they _________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
4.I hear they __________ (return) it already.
5.He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
7. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)
8. Ling Feng told me he _________ to the Great Wall several times. (be)
翻译：
用宾语从句翻译下列句子
1. 老师曾告诉我们有志者事竟成。
__________________________________________________________________
2. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里.
_____________________________________________________________________
3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。
___________________________________________________
4. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。

3. 表语从句
在句中作____的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
The fact is___ we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is___ he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks ___ it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
表语从句注意事项：
1）.在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
2）.一般情况下，“that”不能省。
3）. It is /was because ….
It is /was why….
4）. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
5）The reason is because /why…
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
The news ___we won the game is exciting.　 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea ___ he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him ___Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后, 用以___或____前面的名词的内容，引导词一般为that，没有意义，不作任何成分，只起____作用，但不能___。定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，引导词不止that，引导词在句中作一定成分，有意义，且that / which 在定语从句中如果做宾语，可以省略。
E.g.: The news that she passed the exam excited her parents. _____从句
解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分, 没有意义，是连接代词，但是不能省。
The news that we know from her excited all of us. ____从句
修饰限定；that代替先行词news，是关系代词，在从句中有意义，做成分，作宾语，可以省。
1. The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. ____语从句
2. The suggestion that he made is of great value. ______从句
3. The fact that he won the first place can’t be denied. _____从句
4. The fact that he told me excited me. ____从句
注: 1. 同位语从句多用that 引导
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.
I have no idea ___ he has gone.
I have no idea _____ he did it.
I have no idea ____ he did.
5. 区别what与that
观察并总结: what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同？
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
That a new teacher will come to our school is true.
总结：that 只起___作用，无意义，在从句中____任何成分; what 既有___作用，又要在从句中___成分（主语，宾语，表语）(… 的东西;物;话;时间;地点;人物;数目等不同概念)
1.After five hours’ drive, they reached 　　　was called the hometown of the goddess.
2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at 　was a dangerous speed.
3. The village was quite different from　　　 it used to be
4. _____the earth is round is known to us all.
5. Father made a promise _____ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.
1）____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
6.观察并总结what ,which 区别
---Do you know what Mr. Black’s address is?
---He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of which.
总结：what (什么) / which (表选择, 哪一个)
I read about it in some books or other, does it matter____ it was?
2) ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
7. “whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however”的用法
whatever / whoever / whichever可以引导____从句或_____从句，他们既在从句中做成分又在主句中作成分，相当于anything that, anybody who等，此时不能与no matter what / who / which互换
E.g.: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (试体会本句，不可以变成no matter who引导的让步状语从句)
whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样……都……”，相当于no matter what / who/ which / when / where / how.
E.g.: Wherever I went, the dog always followed me.
(本句可换成No matter where I went, the dog always followed me. 主从句依然没有问题)
1. _________ was said here must be kept as a secret.
2. _______we need is more time.
3. _________ breaks the law will be punished.
4.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，no matter wh-只引导让步状语从句
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
8.关系型 what引导名词性从句的五种用法
1). 表示“……的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2). 表示“……的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3). 表示“……的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4). 表示“……的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5). 表示“……的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆
练习题——用名词性从句连词填空
Dear teachers，
____makes us depressed ______ we will graduate from JiaShan Senior School. The reason why we are so sad is ____ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates.
The days we spent together are full of joys and tears._____ you are always so strict with us made me hate you. However, you are also ready to give your hand to __________turns to you for help.
Now we understand ________you have tried to do for us______ you do and say is of great help to us.We don’t care about ___________we can survive the struggle--- National Entrance Exam or not. _____ we cherish is _______we have enjoyed the process.
Thanks for your teaching!
Best wishes!

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