江苏自学考试英语本科《泛读三》学习笔记.doc

Unit 1 University and Their Function
Text A
词汇
superfluous : 多余的 impart ：传授
faculty ：教职员工 elicit ：bring out
justification ：正当的理由 be consistent with : 与……一致
preserve ：保持 feeble ：weak
zest ：激情 temperate :温和的
arise from ：来自 construe ：explain
transform ：change 改变 hamper : 阻碍
energize as: catalyst 激励 acquisition ：控制力
divorce assertion ：断言
illuminate ：富于启发的 in obedience to : according to
in great measure fatigue : tired
slight: little reliability : trust
weld: combine obstinacy: stubbornness 固执
pedant：老学究 letters: arts
reflection：思考 prolong : long period of
flinch: draw back 退缩 dull ：迟钝
engage ：从事 drudgery: uninteresting hard work 苦差工
modes: kinds rule of thumb ：凭经验
interlocking: interwoven 相互交织 binding forces: unity 团结的力量

句子释义
1、 It is energizing as the poet of out dreams , and as the architect of our purpose.
A: If taught imaginatively, students will be able to associate a pure fact with various meaning, seeing a fact as an agent that can bring out our dreams in a poetic fashion and help arrange our purposes into orderly structure.

2、It enable men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world , and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.
A: People with imagination will be able to form a new outlook which is different from that of people without imagination .Imagination is capable of preserving people’s enthusiasm for life because it can show people that life has many purposes which can be pleasing.
3、It requires that discipline of character which can say “yes” and “no” to other men , not by reason of blind obstinacy ,but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.
A :A firm character should be able to decide to say “yes” or “no” to other’s points of view after taking all relevant choices into careful consideration .Such a decision is not made out of unreasonable stubbornness.

4、The conduct of business now requires intellectual imagination of the same type as that which in former times has mainly passed into those other occupations .
A: In the past , intellectual imagination was required of professionals such as the priests, the lawyers ,the statesmen ,the doctors , the men of science and arts as mentioned above in their work. Now business people should be able to apply this kind of imagination into their work ,too .

5、There is no reason why business men , and other professional men ,should not pick up their facts bit by bit as they want them for particular occasions.
A: Imagination and facts are not mutually exclusive . People trained in imagination should be able to pick up facts when necessary.

问答
1、 primary function of university : imaginative teaching and learning.

2、 How does imagination throw light on the facts？
It works by eliciting the general principles,

then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities
It enables men to build an intellectual vision of new world
and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.

3、 Analyze the relationship between imagination and experience.
Youth is imaginative,and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, it can in great measure be persevered though life.The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative is to weld together imagination and experience.

4、 What knowledge are you supposed to acquire?
Psychologies of population engaged in differing modes of occupation.

5、 How prevent prolonged routine work from dulling our imagination?
A：Promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career.

翻译
1、The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.
T: 大学是实施教育的机构，也是进行研究的机构。但大学之所以存在，主要原因并不在于仅仅向学生们传播知识，也不在于仅向教师们提供研究的机会。

2、The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning.
T: 大学存在的理由是，它使青年和老年人融为一体，对学术进行充满想象力的探索，从而在知识和追求生命的热情之间架起了桥梁。

3、A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.
T: 当一个事实不再是简单的事实：它具有了自身所有的各种可能性，它不再是记忆的一个负担：他充满活力，像诗人一样激发了我们的能像，像设计师为我们制定目标。

4、The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.
T: 人类的悲剧在于，那些富有想象力的人缺少经验，而那些有经验的人则想象力贫乏。愚人没有知识却凭想象办事；书呆子缺乏想象力但凭知识行事。而大学的任务就是将想象力和经验融为一体。

5、We need not flinch from the assertion that the main function of such a school is to produce men with a greater zest for business.
T: 我们无需害怕这样的说法，即一所商业学校的主要作用就是培养具有较高经商热情的人才。

6、It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not merely in the abstract, but also with the power to construe them in terms of the particular circumstances of a concrete business.
T: 它需要充满想象力去理解政治经济学的原理，不仅仅从理论上，还要具备根据具体商业活动的特殊情况解释这些原理的能力。

7、It requires that discipline of character which can say “yes” and “no” to other men, not by reason of relevant alternatives.
T: 它需要对人的性格进行那样的训练，使他对周围的人做出“是”或“否”的回答时不是出于盲目的固执，而是出于对相关可选择的方案进行自觉评价后得到的明确答案。

8、In any large organization the younger men, who are novices, must be set to jobs which consis in carrying out fixed duties in obedience to orders.
T: 在任何一种庞大的组织中，那些比较年轻的新手必须从事这样一类工作：遵照他人的吩咐去做固定工作。

9、There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be an unfortunate effect—prolonged routine work dulls the imagination.
T: 对这种符合惯例的做法不会有任何批评，但它却可能导致一种不幸的后果—长时间按固定的程序使人的想象力变得迟钝。

Text B
facile of speech : able to express oneself easily in fluent language

Unit 2 Mother Tongue
Text A
词汇
variations: changes steering : give advise to 指导
fascinated : 被迷住 disprove : 证明……是错
switch : change enroll ：注册
intimacy ：亲密 freelancer ：自由撰稿人
quote ：引用 quandary ：窘境
transcribed ：抄写 envision ：想象
show up : turn up watered-down: weak and not effective
untrue intent ：打算
converse :talk counted ：起作用
with ease :freely verdict ：观点
wince : flinch 退缩 evoke : summon up 引起
perception : view point 感觉 lengthy: long
be ashamed of sth / to do sth adopt：收养
reflect ：反映 belie ：show sth to be untrue 使…成为谎言
adolescent : very young cash out ：兑现
whispering loudly ：矛盾修辞 behold: look
routine ：例行共事 insular ：孤立的
benign ：良性的 override : replace
budge ：屈服 for lack of
peers ：people of the same age impeccable ：无可挑剔的
block out of ：挡住

句子释义
1、It has become our language of intimacy.
A : The kind of broken English my mother uses has been used in the family when me talk about our personal matters.

2、My mother’s expressive command of English belies how much she actually understands.
A : My mother’s broken English often gives people an impression that she knows little , but in fact she understands a lot.

3、Whereas, for me at least , the answers on English test were always a judgment call ,a matter of opinion and personal experience.
A: In my opinion , a question in language tests should not have just one correct answer ; instead , it requires the examinees to make a judgment ,express an opinion and relate the question to their personal experience . In other words , a language question could have multiple answer.

4、I could not block out of my mind the images .
A: Although I knew the tests meant to use “sunset is to night fall ” to imply a logical relationship rather than concrete images , I couldn’t help imagining beautiful pictures of sunset and nightfall.

5、I had succeeded where it counted .
A：I had succeeded in respects which I deemed important.

问答
1、power of language : the way it can evoke an emotion , a visual image a complex idea , or a simple truth . Language is the tool of my trade.

1、 What about the feature of Tan’s talk give large people and her mother?
Large people : carefully wrought grammatical phrases ,nominalized forms , past perfect tenses , conditional phrases.
Her mother : vivid , direct , full of observation and imagery ,broken or fractured English.

2、 Tow examples imply for new immigrants with little
English proficiency : discrimination from main stream of society.

4、her mother’s English had limited her possibilities in life ,why?
A person’s developing language skills are more influenced by peers.

5、the most important and favorable role her mother had played : build the style of her language .

翻译
1、In this essay, Tan tries to legitimize Chinese American English, the language spoken by her mother, as simply another American dialect and says that it should not be called “broken English.”
T: 在这篇文章中，唐试图赋予中式英语合法性，她母亲所说的英语不能被称为是不规范的英语，而应该认为这仅仅是又一种美国方言。

2、I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade.
T: 花了很长的时间思考语言的魔力—它可以激发感情，启发视觉图像，一个复杂的观念，或者是一个简单的真理，语言是我的事业的工具。

3、And it was perhaps the first time she had heard me give a lengthy speech, using the kind of English I have never used with her.
T: 也许这是她是第一次听我做这种冗长的演讲，而且使用一种和她交谈用的所截然不同的英语。

4、You should know that my mother’s expressive command of English belies how much she actually understands.
T: 你应该知道我母亲对英语的出色的领悟能力掩饰了了她真正懂得多少。

5、We had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on Monday would be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone through for a most regrettable mistake.
T: 我们被承诺扫描图会找到，并且星期一会举行电话会议，并且对由于令人遗憾的错误所带给母亲的痛苦表示歉意。

6、I think my mother’s English almost had an effect on limiting my possibilities in life as well.
T: 我想母亲的英语在某种程度上也限制了我生活上的可能性。

7、Whereas, for me at least, the answers on English tests were always a judgment call, a matter of opinion and personal experience.
T: 而英语测试，至少对于我来说，是一个评价性的，这是一个关于意见和个人经历的事物。

8、Fortunately, I happen to be rebellious in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me.
T: 幸运的是，我天性反叛，喜欢挑战那些关于我的不同的看法。

Text B
be out on a limb : be in a difficult , awkward , or vulnerable position
pass himself off as a sympathetic alter ego : pretend to be a sympathetic friend.

Unit 3 The Problem of Happiness
Text A
词汇
myriad ：countless content to
communion ：交流 pagan ：无神论者
distinction : different ultimate ：最终的
romping : playing 欢闹 expiring : dying 消失
unintelligible ：难以理解的 retain：保留
proceed from in one’s preoccupation with ：obsession 全神贯注
contriving : plotting 谋划 laymen ：门外汉
scrutiny : close examination deep research 详尽的研究 loaf : loiter 游手好闲
begged ：avoid contemplation ：deep thought 沉思
endeavor : effort 努力 proceed to : go on 进行
assuming ：猜想 decidedly : definitely 明确地
to the fore : conspicuous 前沿 presume ：假定
theology: 神学 eternal : after die
vain : 徒劳的 recede : 下降
uncalled-for : neither desirable nor necessary 没有必要讨论的 vaguest ：模糊的
divine sufficient ：足够的
project vt. : show confine ：限制
stretch : extend 拉长 convincing ：确信
salvation: the act of saving a person’s soul or, the state of being saved, from sin and its consequences.

句子释义
1、This classification between material and spiritual pleasures is therefore confusing , unintelligible and untrue for me .
A: I find the ideas of classifying pleasures as material for and spiritual unclear, unexplainable and unfactual.
2、Such an end or purpose of life , consisting in its true enjoyment , is not so much a conscious purpose , as a natural attitude toward human life.
A: Such an end or purpose of life, represented in its true enjoyment, suggests less a conscious endeavor-endeavor to achieve than a free attitude –freedom to order one’s life.
3、Philosophers who start out to solve the problem of the purpose of life beg the question by assuming that life must have a purpose.
A: Philosophers who begin with the intention to work out the problem of the purpose of life fail to prove they are right by assuming that life must have a purpose.
4、Everything that we think God has in mind necessarily proceeds from our own mind.
A: Everything we think God could think of inevitably results from our own thoughts.
5、Every man projects his own conceptions and his own scales of values.
A: Every man introduces his own thoughts and his own desirable of values。

问答
1、What is the author’s opinion about the two classes of enjoyment ? How do you justify that?
They are material and spiritual.
This classification between material and spiritual pleasures is therefore confusing, unintelligible and untrue for me. It proceeds, I suspect, from a false philosophy, sharply dividing the spirit from the flesh, and not supported by a closer direct scrutiny of our real pleasures.
2、How should we form a view of the universe in right way ?
If we must have a view of the universe, let us forget ourselves and not confine it to human life. Let’s stretch it a little and include in our view the purpose of the entire creation-the rocks, the trees and the animals. It is enough that he has a place, and by living in harmony with nature around hin, he will be able to from a workable and reasonable outlook on human life itself.
3、Why does the author conceive the pur