高三时态讲解现在完成时被动语态等.doc

高三时态讲解----现在完成时,被动语态等
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3
学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课类型
C (现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去完成进行时讲解及训练)
C （时态之间的相互替换、易混淆时态比较、时态题的解题技巧）
C（被动语态讲解及训练）
授课日期及时段

教学内容

一、专题知识梳理
知识点1：现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：
1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She has been working all night long.
3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.
I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.

知识点2：将来进行时

将来进行时由“助动词shall/will+be+v-ing”构成，用法如下:
1. 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常及this time tomorrow, at 4 o’clock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。
I'll be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.
At this time tomorrow we’ll be flying over the Atlantic.
2. 表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发生而未完成。
We shall be having a meeting in a minute.
Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening?

知识点3：将来完成时
将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。将来完成时由“shall /will +have +v-ed”构成。用法如下：
1. 将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常及before或by连用。
Before long, he will have forgotten all about it.
By the end of this month, we'll have studied 10 units.
2. 表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态,这动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。
When they move here next month, we'll have lived in the city for 5 years.
By the end of this month we shall have been here for two years.
3. 表示对现在或将来可能完成动作的推测
She will have arrived by now.
It is seven. He will have got up.

知识点4：过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“助动词had been+ v-ing”构成。
1. 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作可能己经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.（仍继续）
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.（不再继续）
He had been studying English before entering the college.
2. 表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况
You had been giving me everything.（感激）
I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）

二、专题精讲
例题1: 1. He __________ English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
答案】B
【解析】据句意：到她明年大学毕业为止，她学英语有八年了。表示到过去某一时间将要完成的动作。

例题2: Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
【答案】B
【解析】该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完成进行时，表示过去的动作（考虑返校学习）持续到现在（还没有决定）今后还有可能进行的动作。句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。

例题3：At this time tomorrow _____over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查动词时态的用法。该题的关键在于At this time tomorrow，这是典型的将来进行时的时间状语，将来进行时是表示将来某个时刻正在进行或持续的动作。题意：明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上空。

例题4：--Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--I am tired. I _____the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查动词时态的用法。Tracy显得疲惫是因为她全天（all day）一直在粉刷房间。粉刷房间这一动作从早上开始一直在进行，可能还要进行下去。也可能刚刚停止，所以本题用现在完成进行时。句意：“你好，Tracy！你看上去很疲劳。”“全天我一直在刷房子。”

三、专题过关
检测题1
单项选择：

1. ---Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.
---Oh, how nice of you! I ______ you ______ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going
2. --We could have walked to the station; it was so near. ---Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary.
A. wasn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. won't be
3. .We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
4. --- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday? --- I _______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
5. ---Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.--- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _____ of my friends back home.
A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking
6. ---Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night. --- I _____, but I suddenly remember I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
7. In a room above the store where a party_______, some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
8. I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
9. --- Has your father returned from Africa yet?
--- Yes, but he _________ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be
10. ---Ring me at seven a.m.?--- No, not that early! I ________.
A. sleep B. will sleep C am sleeping D. will be sleeping
11. You know, I ______ looking for a job for three months, and this is my first interview.
A. am B. was C. will be D. have been
12. You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ______ an important meeting then.
A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had
13. --- Do you have any problem if you _______ this job? --- Well, I am thinking about the salary.
A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered
14. My uncle _________ until he was forty-five.
A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. wouldn’t marry
15. --- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? --- Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.
A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined

1----5 BABCB 6----10 CACAD 11----15 DCCBD

检测题2
动词适当形式填空：

1. He __________ (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.
2. Don’t call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternoon. I ________ (have) a test then.
3. Nobody knew what ________ (happen) to the Earth in a century’s time.
4. Mr. Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he ______ (return) from Canada.
5. When we were young, father________ (take) us for a special treat on Mother’s day.
6. ----Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party?
----Sorry, I forget. I _______ (call) her now.
7. You have to put in more effort if you were _________ (pass) the test.
8. I __________ (tell) you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.
9. Will you __________（use）your computer this time tomorrow?
10. I __________ (close) the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.

will be lying, will/ shall be having, would happen, returned, would take , will call, to pass, was about to tell, be using, was about to close

四、学法提炼

一般现在时：主要考察用在从句中表将来的用法，另外，在解题中要注意‘先语态后时态’的原则。
一般过去时：主要考察无时间状语时态句，需要充分利用题中所给信息结合语境解题。
一般将来时：主要考察不同将来时表达法的应用，注意根据语境解题；另外，需要注意will表意愿的特殊用法。

一、专题知识梳理
知识点1：时态之间的相互替换
1. 一般现在时代替一般将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。
　He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.
2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时
（1） "书上说"，"报纸上说"等。例如：
　 The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
　（2） 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
3. 一般现在时代替现在完成时
（1） 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：
　 I hear （= have heard） he will go to London.
　 I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is.
2） 用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如：
It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。
4. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。
在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：
　 There goes the bell. 铃响了。
5. 现在进行时代替将来时
（1） 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：
Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?
　　We are leaving soon.　 我们马上就走。
（2） 渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：
He is dying. 他要死了
知识点2：易混淆时态比较
1．一般过去时和现在完成时
现在完成时及一般过去时都表示完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般过去时则表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film.（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这个电影，不涉及现在的情况）
2. 现在完成时及现在完成进行时的比较
（1）现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。
I have written an article.（已完成）
I have been writing an article.（还在写）
（2）当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感色彩。
Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in.（强调打扫完了的结果）
—You look so tired. What have you been doing?
—I've been playing football.（强调不久前踢球的情景）

知识点3：确定时态的技巧
1. 从句子本身附带的时间状语来确定时态。
时态及时间状语一般遵循以下几条原则：
（1）句中若有every day, every Friday afternoon, twice a week, often, always, usually等类似的时间状语时，句子多用一般现在时。
They usually watch TV in the evening.
Miss Gao studies English on the radio every morning.
（2）句中若有yesterday, last month, in 1998, two years ago, before liberation等类似的时间状语时，句子多用一般过去时。
I told her to bring my book to school yesterday.
My sister finished middle school half a year ago.
（3）句中若有tomorrow, next week, when spring comes, if we have time等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用一般将来时。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall.
There will be a film in our school tomorrow evening.
（4）句中若有for two years, in (during) the past (last) ten years, since 1990 (一般过去时从句), already, just, yet, up to now, until now等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用现在完成时。
Zhao Lan has already studied in this school for two years.
The two old men haven’t seen each other since 1970.
（5）句中若有at ten last night, the whole evening, this time yesterday, when he came in等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，10 句子(或主句)多用过去进行时。
They were having a meeting at ten yesterday morning.
We were talking about the film when he came in.
（6）句中若有by 1999, by the end (time) of last term, two weeks before, before he came here等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用过去完成时。
By the end of the match, they had kicked four goals.
He had learnt two thousand Chinese words before he came to the school.
（7）句中若有时间状语now或提示词 Look!, Listen!, Be quiet!, Hurry!等时，句子多用现在进行时。
Listen! There is a loud noise from the next room. The desks are being repaired.
2. 从时态呼应规则来确定时态。
（1）宾语从句中时态呼应原则，即“主过从过、主现从任”
John made it clear that he opposed the project.
Mary said that she was reading this time yesterday.
（2）主从句的时态一致原则
I met an old friend of mine when I was walking in the street yesterday afternoon
3. 根据句子交际情境确定时态
—What’s that terrible noise?
—The neighbors are preparing for a party.

二、专题精讲
例题1: It was reported that Lin Dan ____ gold medals in a variety of badminton competitions in the world.
A. has been awarded B. had been awarded
C. was being awarded D. would be awarded
【答案】B
【解析】题干是个主语从句，时态为一般过去时，所以根据时态呼应原则从句中应该是过去的某种时态，根据句意，应该是据报道林丹已经赢得了很多次羽毛球比赛的冠军，故用过去完成时。

例题2: I ______ you not to move my dictionary -- now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked
【答案】A
【解析】该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。从句子后半部now I can’t find it得知(ask)请求这个动作及现在对照，是发生在过去的事。句意：我刚才不让你动我的字典。现在找不到了。

例题3： My friend has returned from the UK. She ____ at Oxford for four years, during which we communicated with each other on the Internet.
A. studied B. has studied
C. had studied D. has been studying
【答案】A
【解析】 本题是含有时间状语的时态题。看到时间状语for four years，很多学生容易误选B。根据句子提供的情境，study这个动作应该只发生在过去的四年中，跟现在没有任何关系，只需用一般过去时即可。

例题4： ---　　the sports meet might be put off.
　 ---Yes, it all depends on the weather.
　 A. I've been told　　　 B. I've told 　C. I'm told　　　 D.I told
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查交际情境中动词时态和语态的用法。据题意：“别人告诉我运动会可能延期举行。”“是，这完全取决于天气。”因为tell要接双宾语，即：tell sb sth。故要用被动语态。“别人告诉我……”这里强调结果,故应选择一般现在完成时态。

例题5：The price＿＿＿＿＿,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
　 A. went down　　 B. will go down　 C. has gone down 　 D. was going down
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查特定语境中动词时态的用法。该题的关键在于 “but whether it will remain so”由此可判断出价位已定，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，所以用现在完成时态。句意：价格已经下跌，但我怀疑这能持续多长时间。

例题6：Women prefer to think and then speak, while men like to speak as they ________.
A. think B. have thought C. thought D. are thinking
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查特定语境中动词时态的用法。While连接两个表示对比关系的并列句。根据句子的句意，女性喜欢先思考再发言，而男性喜欢边思考边发言，考察连词as的用法。

三、专题过关

检测题1：
单项选择：
1. American Idol, which came into existence in 2002, ____________ one of the most popular shows in the country and millions of audience watch the program every week.
A. became B. would become C. has become D. had become
2 A child brought up by father rather than mother ___________ social responsibilities more easily than others when they grow up.
A. taking B. will take C. took D. having taken
3. The first civil service exam was held in 1995 and since then more and more people ______for it, with applications reaching a peak over the last two years.
A. had signed up B. have signed up C. signed up D. will sign up
4. — Will you attend the ceremony tomorrow?
— What ceremony? I ________informed of anything about it.
A. wasn't B. haven’t been C. hadn't been D. won't be
5. “A man who ________fault with others is not perfects himself, for he has no time to make a self-criticism.” Said Buddha.
A. always found B. is always finding
C. has always found D. had always found
6. Up to now, the Hope Project ________thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
7. His funny joke in the speech ________all of us present and we couldn’t help laughing yesterday.
A. was amusing B. was amused C. amused D. amusing
8. Efforts to stop smoking in public areas ________in Hangzhou in recent weeks.
A. made B. have been made
C. have been making D. are making
9. Nana ________as a photographer for five years in the club, and now she is the CEO.
A. has served B. had served C. served D. serves
10. —Can I join your club, Dad?
　 —You can when you ______ a bit older.
　A. get　　　　　 B. will get 　　 C. are getting　　　D. will have got

1-5 CBBBB 6-10 DCBCA

检测题2：
用所给动词的适当形式填空：

1. At the age when many people ________their first job, the youngsters of The Sunday Times Rich List are buying country estates or jetting off to their homes overseas. (look for)
2. Oetzi, the 5,000 year old “Iceman”, ________on the alpine border between Italy and Austria in 1991. (discoverer)
3. I've lived a much healthier life since I ________up smoking. (gave)
4. According to a housing research organization, the house price in China ________to its high point by the end of last year. (rise)
5. It is the first time that the S