高中英语重点词汇精讲.doc

高中英语重点词汇精讲
高中英语重点词汇精讲
abandon: vt.放弃，遗弃 abandon medicine for literature 弃医从文； desert:遗弃，抛弃 on a deserted island.
ability: n 能力，才能：have the ability to do…=be capable of doing…有能力做……
able: adj.有能力的：an able leader; be able to与can的区别：can只有现在 (can)和过去 (could)两种形式，而be able to可有各种时态。（详见情态动词）。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone ______get out.
A . could B. was able to C. can D. must (B)
aboard: adv./prep在船（飞机，车）上. Aboard=on board; All aboard!请上船；开船啦。 Welcome aboard!请上船（飞机，车）
about: prêt./adv.在周围，在身边；关于(on更严肃，正式)；大约：be about to do... (=be at/on the point of doing...)即将做。。。。。。后不能接 soon, at once等时间状语； How about +doing/名词/代词/句子等 ...=What about..做 ......好吗？
① I have no money about me. ② Have you heard of the story about Shakespeare?
about two yeas=two years pr so =some two years
All the mariners ____died except the one who shot the bird left to tell his story to others, which was described in the poem called “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.”
A. on a board B. on aboard C. on boards D. aboard
abroad: adv. be (go/live/travel) abroad; come (return ) from abroad; both at home and abroad在国内外；be all abroad离题，不中肯

absence: n. absent: adj. 不在，缺席；不在意的：
He will be absent at the meeting from Beijing.（不在北京）
He will be absent at the meeting in Beijing.（外出在北京）Absence of mind心不在焉；反义词：present出席的，在场的，用法和 absent一样，但作定语要后置 (n.礼物，at present 目前) _______got a present at the party. (A)
A. All present B. Present all C. All presenting
absorb: vt.吸收（声音，光线，液体等），吸收，理解（知识等）；Be absorbed in全神贯注于。 I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.
academic:学院的，学校的，学业的。academic levels/challenges:学业水平/学习中的挑战。
accident: 意外;incident:小事件，政治事变或事件by accident=by chance偶然
accept:承认，接受（主观receive: 收到（表客观），accept A as B 承认 A 是 B,
He was accepted as an excellent teacher at last.
Yesterday he did _______an invitation, but he refused to _____it . (B 、A)
A. accept B. receive
access: 进入，接近(to), have access to: 有权进入….,能够使用到…. accessible adj. 可以使用（或得到）的。能进入的。Sth .be accessable to sb. 某人容易使用到…
account: account for…解释，描述。On account of…因为… take account of…考虑到…。
accuse;指控,指责。Accuse sb. Of sth…指控某人犯…；be accused of…被指控犯…。
achieve: ①完成,取得,达到achieve one’s work/success/one’s goal; achieve the goal of doing…达到….. 目标。achievements:成就，成绩 He achieved/gained great/brilliant achievements in writing novels.
acquire:学习（一般指天生的习得）； 而learn指课堂学习。English acquired ability.
across: ① 横穿而过（从物体表面）；through:穿过（从物件内部）；over:跨过（从物体上方）；past:经过（从物件旁边）；along:经过（从物体边沿）
He went ______the river and didn’t find a boat to go _____ it.
A. over, across B. along, across C. along, over D. past, through
act: ①vi.行为，演出，Vt.担当，演……角色 (=play the part of) n.法令,条例 act as=work as=serve as担当,充当
Who will _____Shakespeare in the film? A. act B. act as C. play a part pf (A)
① action. n.行为,行动,措施 take actions 采取行动, take measures 采取措施
active: adj.积极的,活跃的 takean) active part in积极参加……, be active in sth./doing sth.在…… 方面很积极。live/lead an active life过着活跃的生活。
actual: ① 现实的，实际的（现实存在，不是想象中的）；real:真实的（不是假的）rue:真实的
（不是 in actual life, a real gold ring, a true story ② actually: adv.实际上，确实 =in fact/in reality/ as a matter of fact =really
adapt:（使适应。dapt (oneself) to…（使适应.. adapt A for B:把 A改编/改写/改造成adapt from…根据……改编。
add: ①vt.加 add… to…把……加到……上
Two _____to three makes five. A. added B. adding C. is added D. being added (A)
②add to增加, (=increase) The bad weather added to our difficulties.
③ add up把 加Please add up all the figures.
④ add up to合计为=come to =amount to
addict: vt.使……沉溺, be/ get addicted to对……上瘾
The young man gets addicted to drugs.
address: ①n 地址 ② v 寄.=post he addressed a letter to me.
adjust: adjust (oneself)to …使自己适宜于……； adapt to适应于=agree with
admire: admire sb. For (doing) sth. 因……而钦佩某人;envy: 妒忌,羡慕envy sb. sth.
admit: ① vi/vt. admit(to) sth. 承认…… admission n. ②让……进入,接纳admit ab. to/into…允许某人进入……be admitted to school/ hospital,允许进入……, ③admit doing sth.允许做……承认做…… ④ admit+从句⑤admtt of…=allow of…容许有……The matter admits of no delay. 容纳=hold=seat The room can admit 200 persons.
adopt: 采纳,接受(=accept), 收养。 adopt one’s suggestion.
advance: advance towards a place:向……前进 advance in sth.在……方面有增长; advance to a place: 到达……;advance on/upon…逼近,进攻; in advance:提前 =ahead of time; in advance of…在……之前,比……前进。 Advancing=developing: 发展中的， advanced:发达的，高级的，进步的。
advantage: 优点，好处take advantage of…利用……=make use of; have/ take an advantage over others 对……有优势 。disadvantage: 不足,可数名词。
advice: ①忠告，劝告（不可数）， tip:劝告，可数，a piece of advice一条劝告，give sb. some advice on( how to do) sth就……给某人提建议, take/follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议, ask (sb.) for advice 征询某人的建议, do sth. on one’s advice按某人的建议做……
② advise: v.(BE)=advice v.(AE) advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做……, advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against doing sth.劝/建议某人不要做……, advise doing sth. 建议做……;但suggest可用suggest: (one’s/sb.) doing sth,不用suggest sb. to do sth.
I ____the lady go there at once. A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D. wished (A)
affair:泛指 “事务,事情,事件”, affairs:表重大 “事务或事态”;event:指有重大意义的历史事件; business:生意,公事 on/in business, go into business; matter问题
Business before pleasure. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.
affect :vt. 影响effevt n. have an effect on…=affect…对…有影响.have no/much/great/little…effect on/upon 对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小,几乎没有影响. effective adj.有效的
afford: ①负担起(……的费用)可接名词,代词或to do……,常与can. could, be able to连用于否定句或问句中.
his poor family can’t afford his education. I can’t afford to buy a car at present.
② 抽得出时间=spare但 spare 可spare sb. +时间He can’t afford time for the cinema. I can spare you two hours.我能为你抽出两个小时. ③提供 afford sb. sth. = offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. =supply sth to/for sb./supply sb. With sth.=provide sb. With sth./provide sth for/to sb. Failure afford us experience.
afraid: be afraid to do…害怕做……,be afraid of (doing) sth.担心做……be afraid+ 句子,be afraid not/so恐怕不行/恐怕如此(对句子的省略回答). I don’t want to be a waitress because I’m afraid ____ dishes frequently. A. on breaking B. to break (A)
after: ① 表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后,反义词是before 指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前;而 指将来一段时间以后,反义词是ago指从现在算起一段里头以前. ② after all毕竟,终究, above all首先,最重要的是(作 入语),指重要性; first of all 首先,最重要的是, 指顺序或重要性, in all = in total= altogether总共, at all根本. we can’t blame him for what he did; ____ he is a child. A. at all B. in all C. after all D. above all (C)
agree: ①agree to sth. 同意, 成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/… ②agree woth sb.(或decision, view, opinion,或某人的话)同意, 成; 与……一致,适合(天气,食物等)he moved to biijing because he ____ the weather here. (A) A. didn’t agree with B. wasn’t suitable for C. wasn’t fit for D. didn’t agree to ③ agree to do sth.同意, 成做……④ agree on sth.在…….取得一致⑤ agree+句子,同意……⑥反义词: disagree,名词:agreement:契约,协议 reach/come to/ arrive at/make an agreement with…on sth. 与……就…….达成协议.
aid: do/ give/ offer first aid to sb =do/give/ offer sb. first aid对某人进行急救; go 援救某人
aim: n./v.目标,目的,瞄准 take aim at…=aim at…瞄准……目的在于…… aim sth at sth用什么瞄准什么东西, aim your gun at…., 用枪瞄准……aim…at…旨在…; aim to do sth 目的在于做… china has long been a leader in the field of genetic research ____ at imporoving agriculture. A. aimed B. aiming C. to aim (A)
he has aimed at entering a key university.
air : ①in the air在空中,在流传, 悬而未决 ; on the air在广播中; by air乘飞机等 (=by plane)l in the open air在野外 ② vt.使通风,晾干 air your clothes
all: all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等,与否定词not 连用,构成部分否定,表示 “不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no long, no way等,表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成 “全部否定”.
allow : ① allow doing…允许做….. ② allow sb. to do….允许某人做
Students aren’t allowed ____in school. A. to smoke B. smoking (A)
③ allow for… 考虑到，体谅，顾与。
It takes about an hour to get there, allowing for possible traffic delays.
④ allow of… 容许容得 the meeting allows of no delay.
⑤allow sb. sth. 同意给某人…….
alive: loving, lovely ,lovely, alive, live的区别:
alive adj. “ 活着的”,作后置定语,表语,补足语等,不作前置定语; kept sth olive
live:作定语, “活的,有生命的,活生生的,生机勃勃的,燃着的,实况转播的”,还可作动词, a live fish, live coal燃着的煤, a live football match 一场直播的足球; a live young man一个生机勃勃的年轻人;
living adj. “有生命的,活着的”,作前置定语或表语(还可作名词 make a living),修饰人或物, living beings/things生物;
lively: “生动的,活跃的,充满生气的” a lively and interesting class;
lovely adj.可爱的 a lovely girl.
While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still ____.
A. active B. alive C. awake D. aware (A)
Language is a ____ and continually changing thing.
A. live B. alive C. lively D. living (D)
almost:“几乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any, no, none, never, nothing 等连用,not nearly “决不,远非”= far from; almost not “几乎不”
I am far from _____ with what he said. (A)
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. being satisfied
alone: ① adj. “单独的”,作表语或补足语,表客观事实; lonely: “孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的”,可带感情色彩.
②adv.单独地,独自alone=on one’s own= by oneself 单独地, leave sb. alone别打扰某人,把某人单独下
The old man lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesn’t feel lonely because he can make a living alone.
aloud: 出声(侧重,由无声到有声) loud 大声地(侧重声音由低到高).
Please speak loud. I can’t hear you clearly.
although: ① conj. 虽然 =though,不与 but, so, and 连用,可与yet, still连用.
② Although:常位于句首,不用倒装; though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒装; as常位于句首,要倒装(即副词,形容词,省冠词的名词,动词原形提前),它们都接句子; in spite of=despite 是介词短语,接名词或动名词.
_____ getting high marks in the examinations, he is still working hard.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. In case of
amaze: vt.使……感到非常吃惊. ① amaze sb. ② be amazed at sth 对……感到吃惊. ③be amazed to do sth ④ I was amazed+句子. amazing 表示令人惊奇的事物; amazed 表示人感到惊奇.
among:在……之间(多者); between: 在……之间(两者); between A and B
another: 泛指多者中另外 “一个或几个” three more boys=another three boys; the other两者中另外 “一个” one…the other…一个……另一个;the others=the other+可复: “另外 一些”,指全部; others=other+可复: “另外一些”,指部分
I need ___students to help me carry the books besides Tom and Peter.
A. three other B. three another C. another three D. other three (C)
answer: 答复,回答answer the letter/door/phone/question, answer for 对……负责,受到报应,answer a question=reply to a question; an answer/ a key to … ……的答案
anxious: adj.渴望的,忧虑的(anxiety n.) be anxious to do sth. 急切做……,be anxious for/ about. ….为……担心,be anxious+句子(虚拟语气);be eager to do sth.. 渴望做……;look forward to doing sth..盼望做…….
apologize: apologize (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.=make an apology (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.为……向某人道歉.
appear: ① 出现,显露, the sun appeared out of the black cloud.
② 来到,露面( He didn’t appear until the meeting almost ended.
③看来(好像) It appears/seems to sb. that+句子= sb. appears/seems to do sth.(此结构一般不用look) appear指从外表上看好象(=look)……; 而 seem指实质上看好象……
He appears to have known the news =it appears that he has known the news.
The plane appears stronger inside than outside. (不用seem)
④ appearance: n.出现,来到,外貌,面貌
The old building affects the appearance of the city.
apply: ① apply…to…把……应用于 We should apply the theory to practice.
② apply to适用于 This kind of books doesn’t apply to children. ③ apply (to sb.) for… 向某从请求/申请…… When you have any question, please apply to me for help. ④ appilication n.
approach: v.靠近,接近.与….打交道(about);着手处理
n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)
argue:争吵,争辩.着重就自己的看法或立场提出论证和别从辩论;而quarrel:争吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不喜欢而产生的强烈的争论或争吵; debate: 辩论,争论. argument: n.
① argue about sth. 争吵(关于……) ② argue with sb.同……争吵 ③ argue for/against…赞成/反对……④argue with ab. about/over sth.与某从争论某事,为……与某人争吵 ⑤argue ab. Into doing sth.～persuade sb. into doing….说服某人做….= persuade sb. to do sth. ⑥ argue sth. 对某事争论 ⑦ argue that-clause:主张,认为……
arrange: vt/vi.安排,筹划.arrange sth. For sb. 为…安排….; arrange with sb. about/ for…与…商定某事.arrange to do sth安排做….;arrange that+句子.
arrive: ① vi. 到达arrive at/ in(大地方用in,小地方用at)…=get to(接home, here, there,省to)=reac(常指努力到达) ② 得出arrive at/ come to a conclusion/decision得出结论,做出决定. ③ arrival n. 到达,来到.
as: ① conj.像……一样,表比较 as…as…, not so …as…修饰形容词可单时,形容词提到冠词前,这点和that, how, too 等一样;但like是介词.
He does his work as his father does (like his father).
He is ____as Mary.
A. as good a student B. so good a student C. too good a student D. as a good student (A)
②表方式, “按照,如同”You must to everything as I tell you.
③表时间, “当……时”, “随着”,和When, while 的区别:while:当……时,和……同时(谓语噗延续性动词),而(并列连词),虽然(从属连词=although); when:当……时表 “突然”.
as(he was) a young man, he joined the army. As time goes on, I love her more and more.
④表原因,与because, since, now that, for, 的区别:as表直接原因, because表真正原因,since和now that表明显的已成事实的原因, for 表推断,
⑤表让步, “虽然,尽管”和 though, although 的区别(略)
⑥ 关系代词,the same(…)as…, such(…)as…, as…as…, as is well known to us all, as we expect.
My home town is no longer the same as it was.
As is known to us allm china is a large country with a long history.
⑦ so as to …/so…as to …以至于 He raised his voice so as to be heard. so/ as far as
远到……,就……而论,据…..所知,as for至于 (=as to), 就……方面说; as usual 像平常一样;
as it is/ was 事实上,既然如此; as it were 乎可以说是.
As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 o’clock.
The book gives, as it were, a pocture of the evil old society.
⑧.as soon as= immediately/ the miment/the minute/directly/instantly+句子…..就…..,当……时
⑨.as/so long as =on condition that只要, as though=as if 好像; as many as+(句子或可复或和…一
样多,多达; as much as+(句子,不可数,重量,价格,数量等); as long as长达; as far as 远到,
就……而论.
He has stayed here as many as ten years and earned as much as ten thousand pounds.
⑩as well as也,又,还有
He knows English as well. He as well as I is going to Beijing next month.
⑾…is + 倍数/分数 +as + adj./adv.+ as…=…is +倍数/分数+比较级+ than…=…is +倍数/分数
(double./twice两倍 ) +the size/length/depth/width of…
This railway is double the length of that one=…os two times as long as…=is once longer than…

ashamed: adj.惭愧,害臊be/feel ashamed to do sth.= be/feel ashamed of doing sth.对做某事感到惭愧,be/feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到惭愧, be/ feel ashamed that+ 句子,be ashamed of oneself为自己感到害臊
I feel ashamed of not having done much for the people like Lei Feng.
ask: ① ask sb. a question 问某人问题 ask sb. (not) to do…叫某人不做……, ask/ inrite sb. to a meeting请某人到会.
② ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物(求某事) =ask s
You should ask your parents for permission at first.
③ ask a favor of sb.要求某人帮忙
④ ask after…问候,探问 We should often ask after our parents’ health.
⑤ ask for…要求,求同 The boy’s mother asked for his head teacher about his studies
astonish: vt. 使惊讶(surprise＜amaze＜astonish＜shock)它们的用法结构一样,be surprised at sth, 对….感到吃惊,be surprised to do sth. 因做…感到吃惊.(surprising, surprised 区别)
a