大脑十大未解之谜.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/11/25,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/11/25,#,人类,身体上的很多难解之谜存在于我们的大脑中。大脑是一个让人迷惑的器官，就像生和死、意识、睡眠和其他更多的东西，都是人类至今也没有解开的谜团。,梦境,睡觉,幻觉,意识,任务控制,记忆途径,取悦大脑,死亡之谜,人体冷冻,天生与营养,大脑十大未解之谜,The brain ten big mystery,第,1,页,/,共,13,页,梦境,dreams,目前科学家还没有揭开这个谜底。一种可能是：做梦过程中通过刺激大脑分子间的信息神经键大脑进行锻炼。另一种理论是，人们梦到白天不能顾及的任务和情感，这个过程可以帮助人们巩固思想和记忆。一般而言，梦境会在浅睡时发生。,At present,scientists have not yet opened the mystery.One may be:dreaming in the process by stimulating the information between the brain molecules of the brain to exercise nerve.Another theory is that people dream of tasks and emotions that cant be taken into account during the day.This process can help people to consolidate thoughts and memories.In general,dreams will occur when the light is asleep.,第,2,页,/,共,13,页,睡觉,sleep,人的一生要花费四分之一的时间睡觉。然而，睡觉的根本原因仍然像天马行空的梦境一样让人迷惑不解。,长期失眠能导致精神恍惚、幻觉，并最终引起死亡。,睡眠的两种状态,深睡期,(,眼球活动减慢,),，此时脑部代谢活动放慢；浅睡期,(,此时会做梦,),，这一时期大脑活动活跃。某些科学家认为深睡期睡眠能让身体休息，保存精力，就像动物冬眠一样,。,Ones life will take 1/4 of the time to sleep.However,the fundamental reason is still sleeping like a powerful and unconstrained style dreams like people very much puzzled.Long term insomnia can lead to trance,hallucinations,and ultimately cause death.Sleep of the two state-deep sleep(eye activity slowed),at this time the brain metabolic activity slowed;shallow sleep period(at this time will dream),this period of active brain activity.Some scientists think that deep sleep can make the body rest,save energy,just as animals sleep.,第,3,页,/,共,13,页,幻觉,hallucination,是一种虚幻的表象，本来并不存在的某种事物，病人却感知它的存在。正常人偶尔也可出现幻觉，比如在焦虑地等待某人到来时，忽然听到敲门声，实际却没有人来。这种幻听的出现与期待的心理有密切关系，此外在受到突然强烈的刺激下亦可出现幻觉。正常人在殷切盼望、强烈期待、高度紧张情绪影响下，也可出现某种片断而瞬逝的幻觉，如一个母亲突然失去儿子，悲痛万分，有时幻听到儿子在同她讲话等等。这种幻觉往往持续时间不会太长，随着心情的好转，适当的治疗，便会痊愈,。,Is a kind of illusory image,there is no one thing,the patient is aware of its existence.An occasional illusion,such as waiting for someone to come,suddenly heard a knock on the door,but no one came.There is a close relationship between the auditory and psychological expectations,in addition under the sudden intense stimulation or hallucinations.In normal people anxious,strong expectations,highly intense emotional impact,also can appear some fragments and evanescent illusion,as a mother suddenly lost son,grief,sometimes heard talking with her son in magic and so on.This illusion is often not too long,with the mood for the better,the appropriate treatment will be cured.,幻觉具有两个主要特点：第一、幻觉是一种感受，由于缺乏相应的现实刺激，所以客观检验结果证明这种感受是虚幻的，但就患者自身体验而言，却并不感到虚幻。第二，虽然幻觉源于主观体验，没有客观现实根源，但某些患者坚信其感受来自客观现实,。,The illusion has two main characteristics:first,the illusion is a kind of feeling,because of the lack of the corresponding real stimulation,so the objective test results prove that this feeling is illusory,but the patients own experience,but did not feel unreal.Second,although the illusion is derived from the subjective experience,there is no objective reality,but some patients believe that their feelings from the objective reality.,第,4,页,/,共,13,页,幻觉可分为真性幻觉、假性幻觉和残留性幻觉三类。真性幻觉时，大脑皮层感受区的自发性兴奋使以往映象活跃化而重现出来，此即表象。由于表象特别强烈，鲜明、生动、详尽而,投射,到外部客观世界。,投射,是指当表象活化的强度大到与现实刺激产生映象的同样程度时，在人的意识中就无法与现实刺激映象相区别，而是按照生活惯例习以为常地认为它是来自客观空间，所以这是一种自然而然的向外投射过程。,Can be divided into true hallucination,illusion and hallucination pseudohallucination,residue threeTrue hallucination,the cerebral cortex excitatory spontaneous feelings in the past and reproduce the active image,the image.Because of the image is particularly strong,bright,vivid,detailed and“projection”to the outside world.“Projection”refers to when the activation intensity representation to the same degree and reality stimulates the production of mappings,in peoples consciousness and reality cannot image stimulation phase difference,but according to the routine always think it is from the objective space,so this is a natural process that projected outward.,幻觉,hallucination,第,5,页,/,共,13,页,意识,consciousness,清晨一觉醒来，你可能就已经意识到太阳刚刚升起，听到一些鸟儿在枝头欢快的鸣叫，甚至清新的空气轻拂你的面颊，你会感到一有幸福感。换句话说，你是有意识的。这个复杂的话题从一开始就困扰着科学界。最近，神经学家才把意识作为一门现实的研究课题,。,In the early morning wake up,you may have been aware of the sun just rising,hear some birds chirping,and even fresh air blowing your cheeks,you will feel a sense of happiness.In other words,you are conscious.The complexity of the topic from the beginning to haunt the scientific community.Recently,neuroscientists to consciousness as a realistic research topic.,第,6,页,/,共,13,页,任务控制,Task control,大脑,丘脑下,部,的,下丘脑视交叉上核或生物钟保持身体随着,24,小时的节奏运转。生理节奏引起的一个最明显的结果是：睡眠,-,醒来的循环，但是生物钟还影响着消化力、体温、血压和激素的产生,。最近,人们不断争论，是否可以通过补充褪黑激素来帮助人们预防飞机时差,昏昏欲睡和飞机通过时区时产生的头痛感,。,To keep the body in the lower part of the brain,the hypothalamus,or the biological clock,to keep the body running for 24 hours.One of the most obvious results of the circadian rhythm is the cycle of sleep wake cycle,but the biological clock also affects the production of digestive,body temperature,blood pressure,and hormones.Recently,people have been debating whether or not they can help people with melatonin to help prevent jet lag-a feeling of drowsiness and a sense of headache in time zones.,第,7,页,/,共,13,页,记忆途径,Memory approach,人生的某些经历很难忘却，科学家利用大脑成像技术设法弄清楚创造记忆和储存记忆的机械反映。发现大脑灰质内部的海马体能充当记忆储存箱的功能。但是这个储存区域的分辨能力并不强。对相同的大脑区域的刺激，可以让它产生真实的和虚假的记忆。为了把真实记忆从虚假记忆中脱离出来，研究人员提出根据背景回忆以加强记忆的方法，如果某些事情没有真正发生过，就很难通过这种方法加强人脑对它的记忆,。,Some of the experiences of life are unforgettable,but scientists have used brain imaging techniques to try to make it clear the mechanical reflection of creating and storing memories.The hippocampus,which is found in the gray matter of the brain,acts as a function of the memory storage box.But the ability to distinguish the storage area is not strong.Stimulation of the same region of the brain can make it true and false memories.In order to get the real memory from a false memory,the researchers put forward according to the background of memory method to enhance memory,if something really happened,it is difficult to strengthen the memory of it by the method of the human brain.,第,8,页,/,共,13页,取悦,大脑,Pleasing the brain,科学家发现，当人们开怀大笑时，大脑内部有三个部位变的活跃起来，它们是：管辖思维的区域，它让你获得笑料；运动区域促使你的肌肉运动；情感区域引出“轻佻的”情绪，但是为什么某人会因兄弟愚蠢的笑话而发笑，而另一些人会在看恐怖影片时咯咯大笑。笑声是对违反常规的不协调的故事的一个十分有趣的反映,。笑,让我们感觉更好,。,The scientists found that when people laugh,there are three parts of the brain become active,they are thinking of the regional jurisdiction,it lets you get the joke;motion region prompted your muscle movement;emotional regions leads to frivolous mood,but why someone would do that because the brothers stupid jokes and laugh,and some people will be in a horror film when laughing.Another point of view in the field of humor is a way to make a signal that is fun to other people.Smiling makes us feel better.,第,9,页,/,共,13,页,死亡之谜,The Mystery of Death,我们为什么会变老？人的老化被分成两个种类的学说：（,1),像人类的其他特征，变老可能是人类遗传学的一部分，并且从某些方面来说对人类有益。（,2),以最不乐观的观点来看，变老不是有意图的，人的一生中细胞不断受到损害从而引起人体老化。大量研究人员认为，科学将最终推迟变老速度，使人类寿命至少可以达到预期生命期限的两倍。,Why do we grow old?Human aging is divided into two kinds of theories:(1)as other features of human beings,aging may be a part of human genetics,and in some ways beneficial to human beings.(2)to the most optimistic point of view,the old is not the intention of peoples life,the cells continue to be damaged to cause the bodys aging.A large number of researchers believe that science will eventually delay the aging of the speed,so that human life can be reached at least two times the expected life time.,第,10,页,/,共,13,页,人体冷冻,Human frozen,要求长命百岁可能并不现实。但是一个被称作人体冷冻学的新领域将会让某些人死而复生。在充满液态氮并且温度为华氏零下,320,度,(78,绝对温度,)的刺骨的容器中储藏死者的遗体。这个想法的目的是，死于目前无法治愈的疾病的人在将来发现治愈方法后可以通过解冻让他们死而复生。,Longevity requirements may not be realistic.But a called cryonics new field will make some people back from the dead.The remains of the dead are stored in a bitter container filled with liquid nitrogen and the temperature is 320 degrees Fahrenheit(78 absolute).The idea is to die,at present incurable disease found in the future when a cure could be thawed and revived.,第,11,页,/,共,13,页,天生与营养,Nature and nutrition,我们的思想和个性是否是由基因或环境控制的问题，长期以来一直争论不休。科学家建立了一个让人信服的证据体系，证明它可能是受其中之一控制或者是由两方面同时控制。研究个体基因的能力显示出我们对很多人类特性无法控制，然而在很多领域，同辈人面对的压力或接受的教育会对我们是什么样的人以及我们将做什么产生深远影响。,Whether our thoughts and personality are controlled by genes or environmental issues has long been debated.Scientists have established a convincing system of evidence that it may be controlled by one of them or that it is controlled in two ways.The ability to study individual genes shows that we cannot control for many human characteristics,but in many areas,peers face pressure or education on what kind of person we are and what we do will have a profound impact.,第,12,页,/,共,13,页,谢谢观赏,Thank you!,第,13,页,/,共,13,页,