宾语从句中考考点.doc

宾语从句中考考点
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语，或位于间接宾语之后。宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：

一、考查宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1.若由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，其引导词由that引导；不过that只起引导作用，无具体意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略.
eg:1.He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。
2.I am sure (that) he will succeed.我相信他会成功。
2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，其引导词由if或whether引导，意为“是否”，表示选择。
Eg:1.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住那儿。
2.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可帮帮他。
whether和if用法巧计： 主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；
discuss加介后，whether引导宾语从；
不定式，or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；
宾从如时否定句，if发挥其功用；
避免歧义要慎重，其他情况可换用。
注意：在引导宾语从句时，if和whether一般可换用，但在下列几种情况下只用whether，不用if。
⑴当or not紧随引导词之后时。
Eg:1.We didn't know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否已经做好准备。
⑵当从句用作介词宾语时。
Eg:1.I am interested in whether he joined the army.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
⑶当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。
Eg:1.Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。
4.在不定式前用whether
Eg:I don’t know whether to stay here.
（不过if可引导条件状语从句，whether则不可。）
3. 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时，则特殊疑问词便是引导词（如who /whose /what / which;when/where/why/how等），它们均充当一定成分，一般不可省略。
Eg:1.Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁？
2.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?你能告诉我三路车站在哪儿？
3.I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚点了？
注意：引导词的选择应依据句子成分及具体语境。
宾语从句的引导词练习题：1.-5.ABACB 6-11.CCABAA
1.The teacher asked me I needed any help. A. whether B. that C. what
2.—Do you still remember___ he came here？—Yes， I do. He came by bus.
A. when B. how C. what
3.Do you know____ we will talk about at tomorrow's meeting？
A. what B. that C. where
4.—Could you tell me_____ she is looking for？—Her cousin， Susan.
A. what B. whose C. who
5.I don't know _____Tom will go or not.A. what B. whether C. how
6.Bob didn’t tell the others ______ he found it.A. what B. that if C. how
7.— Do you know ______ we’ll get there at 3:00 this afternoon?
— I’m afraid we’ll be late. A. that B. how C.whether
8.Could you tell me ______ they have done with the rubbish? A. what B. where C. how
9.— Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?— Sorry, I have no idea.
A. that B. whether C. what
10.The foreigner asked me ______ I could speak English.A. if B. what C. that
11.This is not my watch. Do you know ______it is?A. whose B. which C. who

二、考查宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句之间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”结构。从句中不会出现像do,did,does这三个无意义的助动词。常用的出题形式为单项选择题、句型转换题（直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题）。
Eg:1.I think (that) you will like this school soon.我认为你不久就会喜欢这所学校。
2.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?你能告诉我怎样才能到达动物园好吗？
3.Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。
宾语从句的语序练习题：1-5.ACCAB 6-11.BAACCC
1.I want to know ______ the day after tomorrow
A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did
2.The teacher asked Lucy ______. A. where does she come from
B. what did she like best C. if she could speak Chinese
3.Could you tell me ______? A. when shall we start
B. who are you waiting for C. where the nearest bus stop is
4.— Excuse me, could you tell me ______?— Certainly. It’s over there along the street on the left. A. where the People’s Park is
B. where is the People’s Park C. the People’s Park is where
5.—By the way, do you know the National Spelling Bee?
— No, I never heard of it. Tell me ______,please.
A. what is it B. what it is C. it is what
6.He asked his classmate where ______ . A. does his teacher see the film
B. his teacher saw the film C. did his teacher see the film
7.I want to know_____.A. what his name is B. what's his name C. that his name is
8.Jim doesn't understand_______ .A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always go shopping C. what is the way to the museum
9.My friend didn't tell me_______ . A. which room he lived
B. which room did he live in C. which room he lived in
10.He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened  
11.--Do you know ______________now?一In the People's Hotel．
A where is Tom working B where did Tom work C．where Tom is working

三.考查宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致,规则如下：
1.如果主句是为一般现在时或祈使句、一般将来时或现在完成时，则宾语从句的谓语动词可根据意义上的需要选用任何一种适当的时态(即：此时从句的时态就不受主句限制，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态)；
Eg:1.Please tell us where he is.请告诉我们他在哪儿。
2.Do you know how Kate came here?你知道凯特怎么来这儿的吗？
3.Tell me at what time the ship is leaving.告诉我船什么时候出发？
2.若主句是一般过去时态, 宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态, 如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。(即：主过从过)
Eg:1.He asked what time it was.他问什么时候了。
2.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
他告诉我他正在为运动会作准备。
3.She asked if you had written to Peter.她问你是否给皮特写过信。
4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.他说他不久就返回美国
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句等，则不管主句是何种时态，从句常用一般现在时。
Eg:1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
我们老师说January是一年中的第一个月。
2.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
科学家已证实地球绕着太阳转。
4.以could/would等开头的句子，要看成一般现在时(是一种委婉说法)，不可看成一般过去时。(即：情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。)
Eg:1.Could you tell me? How can I get to the post office? (合并成宾语从句)
→Could you tell me how I can get to the post offlce? (其中can不可改为could)
2.Excuse me, could you tell me when we will visit the new Olympic Center?
宾语从句的时态练习题：1-5.BCBCB 6-10.CCCCA 11-17 CAAACCC
1.— Could you please tell me ______?— It’s next to the post office.
A.where is the supermarket B.where the supermarket is C.where the supermarket was
2.Do you know ______ this time yesterday? A. what she is doing
B. what was she doing C. what she was doing
3.Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it ______?
A. built B. was built C. has been built
4.— What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?
— He said that I ______ better. A. can do B. will do C. could do
5.—Could you let me know _____ yesterday ?— Because the traffic was heavy.
A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why you come late
6.The teacher asked me ______.
A. why do I come late B. why I come late C. why I came late
7—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by? 一Sorry，I have no idea．
A． invents B invented C was invented
8.I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask.
A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said
9.—May I see Mr Li， please？—Well，I'm afraid he's out at the moment. I think he ______back soon. A. come B. comes C. will come
10.We were told that light___ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. was
11.—What did he say？—He asked me_____.A. what is the young man's telephone number
B. what the young man's telephone number is
C. what the young man's telephone number was
12.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．
A． is　　　B． was　　　 C． has been　　　　
13.The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
　　A． goes　　B． go　 C． went　
14.We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
A．have passed　　 B.had passed　　　 C．pass　　　　　
15.—Could you tell me______?—Yes． They ____ to the library．
　　A.where are the twins， have been　　B.where were the twins， have been
C.where the twins are， have gone　　
16.Our father said that he ___ a new computer next week．
　　A.will buy　 B.have bought　　C.would buy　
17.I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．A．goes　B．will go　C.went　　
四．考察宾语从句人称的变化
当把带引号的句子变成宾语从句时（即：把直接引语变间接引语），人称的相应变化是个考查重点，它遵循一个原则，“一随主，二随宾，三不变”。具体的讲，即直接引语中的人称在宾语从句中要发生变化，如果是第一人称则要随着主句的主语变，是第二人称就要随着主句的宾语变化，如果是第三人称就不需要变化了。此类题常以句型转换的形式考查。
Eg：1“Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him if he wanted to try it.
2.My mother told me .”He will come to see me.”(同义句) →
My mother told me he would come to see her

五.考查宾语从句与状语从句的辨析（考查if/when 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句）
英语中连词if when具有双重功能，既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。当if 和when 等用来引导条件状语从句和时间状语从句, 主句的谓语动词为一般将来时时, 从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。当if 和when 用来引导宾语从句时, 如果主句是现在时或将来时, 从句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时表示将来。
1.当if引导宾语从句（意为“是否”）时，根据时态呼应原则，宾语从句可选用将来时；但当if引导条件状语从句（意为“如果”）时，若主句的谓语动词为一般将来时，则if 从句的谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。
Eg:1.If you ask him, he will help you. (状语从句)如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。
2.My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.(宾语从句)
我妻子想知道玛丽是否需要帮忙。
2.when 引导宾语从句时，意为“什么时候”，由其引导的宾语从句应为陈述语序； when 引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候”，从句的谓语动词应该用一般现在时表示将来时间。
Eg:1.—I don't know when Mr Green will come back.—When he comes back， you must tell me.上句中的when 引导的是宾语从句，谓语动词用一般将来时表示将要发生的动作；下句中的when引导的是时间状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。
考查if/when 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句练习题：1-5.BABAA
1.—I don't know if his uncle_____ .—I think he______ if it doesn't rain.
A. will come， comes B. will come， will come C. comes， comes
2.—I want to know when ___have a field trip.— We’ll have it when all the work ____.
A. you will; is finish B. you will; finishes C. you will; is finished
3.—Do you know when Dr White ____for dinner this evening?—No, but I think he ______ when he is free.
A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes
4.I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it______, I will stay at home.
A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain C. will rain; will rain
5.We are not sure if it ____tomorrow. If it_____, our sports meeting will be put off.
A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain C. will rain; will rain

六.考查宾语从句中的“否定转移”现象
在带有宾语从句的复合句中，当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称I或we且谓语动词是think(认为)/believe(相信)/suppose(假定，猜想)/expect(期待)/ guess(猜想)/ imagine(想象)等表示心理活动的词时，往往把从句中的否定词前移至主句的谓语部分,即否定主句中的动词。这种现象习惯上称为“否定转移”。若只满足一个条件变否定看从句。
Eg:I. I don’t think chicken can swim
2. He said that he would not go shopping
3.—Shall we invite our teacher to the party？—That's a good idea. But I ___think she___ come. A. don't， will B. ×， won't C. won't， will D. do， won't

七.考查含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句
1.当陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的复合句,附加部分应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致.
Eg:1.She say that you need help ,doesn’t she ?
2.Tom said that he was late for school,didn’t he ?
2. 当主句的谓语动词是think,believe, suppose等,而主句的主语是I或 we时,
附加问句应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致.还要注意从句的否定前移.
Eg:1.I think you are right ,aren’t you ?
2. I don’t think she can swim ,can she ?
3.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe, suppose等,而主句的主语不是I或 we,而是其他人称如you ,he等时, 附加问句应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致.
Eg:She thought that they would go swimming ,didn’t she ?
考查含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题：1-3.BCA
宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题：1-3.BCA
1.I don’t think he is right，__________?
A．isn’t he　　　　 B．is he　　　　 C．do I　　　
2.He believes she is right， __________?
　　A．doesn’t he　　　　 B．does he　　　　 C． isn’t she
3.I thought that he disliked playing football，__________?
　A．didn’t he　　　　 B．did he　　　　 C．didn’t I

八.考查宾语从句的简化
宾语从句在一定条件下可以简化为动词不定式（短语）、“疑问词+不定式”结构、it+adj+不定式或复合宾语结构。具体如下：
1.当主句谓语动词是hope/agree/choose/wish/decide/promise等，其后跟带that的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可以简化为动词不定式结构。
eg:1).Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→
Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
2).We decided that we would help him. → We decided to help him.
3).He decides that he will visit our school. →
He decides to visit our school.
4).He decided that he would visit our school.→He decided to visit our school.

2.当主句谓语动词是know/learn/forget/remember/tell/decide等时，其后带有疑问词引导的宾语从句,若主从句主语相同，则该从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.
eg:1)She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the
2).I don't know how I can get there. → I don't know how to get there.
3).I don't know what I should do next. →I don't know what to do next.

3. 当主句谓语动词为ask/ tell/ show/ teach等时，后接双宾语,其后带有疑问词引导的宾
语从句；这时如果从句主语和主句的间接宾语一致，宾语从句也可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
eg:1).Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →
Could you tell me how to get to
2).Please tell me where I should show my ticket. →
Please tell me where to show my

4当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。
eg:1).The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. →
The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

5.当主句谓语动词为感官动词see, hear, watch, 或动词 find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“感官动词 / find+宾语+宾语补足语”构，此时的宾语由从句的主语转化而来,而宾语补足语通常是1.形容词或形容词短语、2.省to的不定式3.过去分词或过去分词短语形式,4.动词的-ing形式
eg:1).They found that the box was very heavy. →
They found the box very heavy
2) .I heard that she sang some songs in the next room →
I heard her sing some songs in the next room.
3) .Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →
Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.。
4).The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. →
The teacher found the boy very interested in maths.
5) .I saw that some children were playing in the park.→
I saw some children playing in the park.
6) Can’t you see that your father is sitting under the tree ? →
Can’t you see your father sitting under the tree ?
7)He felt that his heart was beating fast.→ He felt his heart beating fast.

6.当宾语从句的形式主语是it,真实主语是动词不定时,宾语从句可简化为/"it + 形容词 + 不定式短语”
eg:1)I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →
I found it difficult to learn English well.

7.某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。
Eg: 1).He insisted that he should go with us. →
He insisted on going with us.

8.某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。
eg:1).I'll take back what I said.→
I'll take back my words. 我将收回我的话
2).Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? →
Could you tell us the way to the museum?
3).The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. →
The poor boy doesn't know the time and the place of his birth.

9.某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为动名词或动名词短语.
Eg:1).I remember that I have told her the truth. →
I remember telling her the truth.
2).I forget I have closed the window. → I forget closing the window.

10.动词seem后的宾语从句，可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当
的变化，形式主语it通常需用从句主语替换。：
eg:1).It seems that he is ill. → He seems to be ill.
　 2).It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
宾语从句的简化练习：不改变句义将下列主从复合句改成简单句
1.Tom’s father saw that he was sitting on some eggs
Tom’s father saw ________ ________ on some eggs.
2.Mrs white told Tom that he couldn’t throw paper on the gro